CMC ukusetyenziswa ekutyeni
I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (i-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-sodium CMC) yi-carboxymethylated derivative ye-cellulose, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cellulose gum, kwaye yeyona gum ye-ionic cellulose ibalulekileyo.
I-CMC idla ngokuba yi-anionic polymer compound efunyenwe ngokusabela i-cellulose yendalo kunye ne-caustic alkali kunye ne-monochloroacetic acid.Ubunzima bemolekyuli bekhompawundi bususela kumawaka aliqela ukuya kwisigidi esinye.iqhina leyunithi yemolekyuli
I-CMC yeyokulungiswa kweselulosi yendalo.Okwangoku, i-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-FAO) kunye ne-World Health Organization (WHO) ibize ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "i-cellulose eguquliwe".Indlela yokudibanisa ye-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose yaqanjwa yi-German E.Jansen ngo-1918, kwaye yayinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi ngo-1921 kwaye yaziswa kwihlabathi, ukususela ngoko iye yathengiswa eYurophu.
I-CMC yayisetyenziselwa kuphela iimveliso ezikrwada, njenge-colloid kunye ne-binder.Ukususela ngo-1936 ukuya ku-1941, uphando lwesicelo soshishino lwe-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose lwalusebenza kakhulu, kwaye iipatent ezininzi ezikhanyisayo zapapashwa.Ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini, iJamani yasebenzisa i-CMC kwizicoci zokwenziwa njenge-ejenti yokuchasa ukuphinda-phinda, kwaye njengendawo yokuthatha indawo yeentsini zendalo (ezifana ne-gelatin, i-gum arabic), ishishini le-CMC liphuhliswe kakhulu.
I-CMC isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-petroleum, geological , kwimichiza yemihla ngemihla, ukutya, amayeza kunye namanye amashishini, aziwa ngokuba yi "industrial monosodium glutamate".
01ICANDELO
Iipropati zesakhiwo se-CMC
I-CMC ngumgubo omhlophe okanye otyheli kancinane, i-granular okanye i-fibrous solid.Yikhemikhali ye-macromolecular ekwazi ukufunxa amanzi kwaye idumbe.Xa idumbile emanzini, inokwenza iglue ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.I-pH yokumiswa kwamanzi ngu-6.5-8.5.I-substance ayinyibiliki kwii-solvents eziphilayo ezifana ne-ethanol, i-ether, i-acetone kunye ne-chloroform.
I-CMC eqinile izinzile ekukhanyeni kunye nobushushu begumbi, kwaye inokugcinwa ixesha elide kwindawo eyomileyo.I-CMC luhlobo lwe-ether yeselulosi.Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe kwi-cotton linter emfutshane (i-cellulose umxholo ukuya kwi-98%) okanye i-pulp yomthi, ephathwa nge-sodium hydroxide kwaye iphendule nge-sodium monochloroacetate.Ubunzima bemolekyuli yekhompawundi yi-6400 (± 1000).Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindlela ezimbini zokulungiselela: indlela yamalahle-amanzi kunye nendlela yokunyibilika.Kukho nezinye iintsinga zezityalo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-CMC.
02ICANDELO
Iimpawu kunye nezicelo
I-CMC ayisiyiyo kuphela i-emulsion stabilizer efanelekileyo kunye ne-thickener kwizicelo zokutya, kodwa inozinzo oluhle kakhulu lokukhenkceza kunye nokunyibilika, kwaye inokuphucula incasa yemveliso kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokugcina.
Ngo-1974, uMbutho woKutya kunye nezoLimo weZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-FAO) kunye noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) wavuma ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC esulungekileyo yokutya emva kwezifundo kunye neemvavanyo ezinzima zebhayoloji kunye netyhefu.Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe wokuthathwa ngokukhuselekileyo (ADI) yi-25mg/kg ubunzima bomzimba/usuku.
2.1 Ukuqina kunye nokuqina kwe-emulsification
Ukutya i-CMC kunokudlala indima emulsification kunye nokuzinzisa iziselo eziqulethe ioli kunye neprotheni.Oku kungenxa yokuba i-CMC iba yi-colloid ezinzileyo ecacileyo emva kokuchithwa emanzini, kwaye i-protein particles ibe ngamasuntswana kunye nentlawulo efanayo phantsi kokhuseleko lwefilimu ye-colloid, enokwenza i-protein particles kwisimo esizinzileyo.Kwakhona kunomphumo othile we-emulsification, ngoko ke, kwangaxeshanye, kunokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa komhlaba phakathi kwamafutha kunye namanzi, ukwenzela ukuba amanqatha abe emulsified ngokupheleleyo.
I-CMC inokuphucula ukuzinza kwemveliso kuba xa ixabiso le-pH lemveliso lisuka kwindawo ye-isoelectric yeprotheni, i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose inokwenza isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunye neprotheni, enokuphucula ukuzinza kwemveliso.
2.2 Ukwandisa ubukhulu
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC kwi-ayisikrimu kunokunyusa ukwanda kwe-ayisikrimu, ukuphucula isantya sokunyibilika, ukunika imilo elungileyo kunye nencasa, kunye nokulawula ubungakanani kunye nokukhula kweekristale zomkhenkce ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa.Isixa-mali esisetyenzisiweyo yi-0.5% yetotali.Umlinganiselo wongezwa.
Oku kungenxa yokuba i-CMC inokugcinwa kakuhle kwamanzi kunye ne-dispersibility, kwaye idibanisa i-organic particles protein, i-globules yamafutha kunye ne-molecule zamanzi kwi-colloid ukwenza inkqubo efanayo kunye nezinzile.
2.3 I-Hydrophilicity kunye nokubuyisela amanzi emanzini
Le propati esebenzayo ye-CMC isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yesonka, enokwenza i-honeycomb iyunifomu, ikhulise umthamo, inciphise i-slag, kwaye ibe nefuthe lokugcina ukufudumala kunye nokutsha;i-noodles eyongeziweyo kunye ne-CMC inokugcinwa kakuhle kwamanzi, ukumelana nokupheka kunye nencasa elungileyo.
Oku kunqunywe yi-molecular structure ye-CMC, i-cellulose derivative kunye nenani elikhulu lamaqela e-hydrophilic kwi-chain chain: -OH iqela, iqela le-COONA, ngoko ke i-CMC ine-hydrophilicity engcono kune-cellulose kunye nomthamo wokubamba amanzi.
2.4 IGelation
Thixotropic CMC kuthetha ukuba imixokelelwane macromolecular inani elithile lonxibelelwano kwaye bathande ukwenza isakhiwo ezintathu-dimensional.Emva kokuba isakhiwo se-dimensional senziwe, i-viscosity yesisombululo iyanda, kwaye emva kokuba isakhiwo se-dimensional siphulwe, i-viscosity iyancipha.I-thixotropic phenomenon kukuba utshintsho olubonakalayo lwe-viscosity luxhomekeke kwixesha.
Thixotropic CMC idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-gelling system kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-jelly, i-jam kunye nokunye ukutya.
2.5 Inokusetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokucacisa, i-foam stabilizer, yandisa i-taste
I-CMC ingasetyenziswa kwimveliso yewayini ukwenza incasa ibethambile kwaye ityebe, kwaye i-aftertaste inde;kwimveliso yebhiya, ingasetyenziswa njenge-foam stabilizer yebhiya, yenza i-foam ityebile kwaye ihlala njalo kwaye iphucule incasa.
I-CMC yi-polyelectrolyte, enokuthi ithathe inxaxheba kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zewayini ukugcina ibhalansi yomzimba wewayini.Ngelo xesha, iphinda idibanise kunye neekristali eziye zaqulunqa, ukutshintsha isakhiwo se-crystals, ukuguqula iimeko zeekristali kwiwayini, kunye nokubangela imvula.Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-07-2022