I-Thickener, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ejenti ye-gelling, ibizwa nangokuthi i-paste noma iglue yokudla uma isetshenziswa ekudleni.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukukhulisa i-viscosity yesistimu yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukugcina isistimu yezinto ezibonakalayo esimweni sokumiswa esilinganayo nesizinzile noma isimo se-emulsified, noma ukwakha ijeli.Ama-thickeners angakhuphula ngokushesha i-viscosity yomkhiqizo lapho esetshenziswa.Iningi lendlela yokusebenza yama-thickeners ukusebenzisa isandiso se-macromolecular chain structure ukufeza izinjongo zokujiya noma ukwakha ama-micelles namanzi ukuze kwakheke uhlaka lwenethiwekhi olunezinhlangothi ezintathu ukuze lujiye.Inezici zomthamo omncane, ukuguga okusheshayo nokuzinza okuhle, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni, ekugqokeni, ezintweni zokunamathisela, izimonyo, okokuhlanza, ukuphrinta nokudaya, ukuhlola uwoyela, irabha, imithi kanye neminye imikhakha.I-thickener yakuqala kwakuyinjoloba yemvelo encibilika emanzini, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo bekulinganiselwe ngenxa yentengo yayo ephezulu ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu nokukhishwa okuphansi.I-thickener yesizukulwane sesibili ibizwa nangokuthi i-emulsification thickener, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuvela kwe-oyela-water emulsification thickener, iye yasetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izimboni.Kodwa-ke, ama-thickeners emulsifying adinga ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu likaphalafini, elingagcini nje ngokungcolisa imvelo, kodwa futhi libeka izingozi zokuphepha ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni.Ngokusekelwe kulezi zinkinga, ama-thickeners okwenziwa aphumile, ikakhulukazi ukulungiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-thickeners okwenziwa okwenziwe yi-copolymerization yama-monomers ancibilikayo emanzini njenge-acrylic acid kanye nenani elifanele lama-monomer axhumanisayo athuthukiswe ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo zama-thickeners kanye nendlela yokuqina
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-thickeners, ezingahlukaniswa zibe ama-polymers we-inorganic kanye ne-organic, futhi ama-polymers angahlukaniswa abe ama-polymers emvelo nama-polymers okwenziwa.
Iningi lama-polymer thickeners emvelo angama-polysaccharides, anomlando omude wokusetshenziswa nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi i-cellulose ether, i-gum arabic, i-carob gum, i-guar gum, i-xanthan gum, i-chitosan, i-alginic acid I-Sodium nesitashi kanye nemikhiqizo yayo ye-denatured, njll. I-Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), i-ethyl cellulose (EC), i-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), i-hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC) emikhiqizweni ye-cellulose ether ) kanye ne-methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC) zaziwa njenge-industrialmate monosodium. , futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi ekubholeni uwoyela, ukwakhiwa, ukugqoka, ukudla, imithi kanye namakhemikhali nsuku zonke.Lolu hlobo lwe-thickener lwenziwa ikakhulukazi nge-polymer cellulose yemvelo ngokusebenzisa isenzo samakhemikhali.U-Zhu Ganghui ukholelwa ukuthi i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) yimikhiqizo esetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-cellulose ether.Bangamaqembu e-hydroxyl kanye ne-etherification yeyunithi ye-anhydroglucose kuketango le-cellulose.(Chloroacetic acid noma ethylene oxide) ukusabela.Ama-cellullosic thickeners aqiniswa yi-hydration kanye nokwandiswa kwamaketanga amade.Indlela yokuqina imi kanje: iketango eliyinhloko lama-molecule e-cellulose lihlotshaniswa nama-molecule amanzi azungezile ngokusebenzisa izibopho ze-hydrogen, okwandisa umthamo woketshezi we-polymer ngokwayo, ngaleyo ndlela ukwandisa umthamo we-polymer ngokwayo.i-viscosity yesistimu.Isixazululo saso esinamanzi siwuketshezi olungeyona i-Newtonian, futhi i-viscosity yayo ishintsha ngokushear rate futhi ayihlanganise lutho nesikhathi.I-viscosity yesisombululo ikhula ngokushesha ngokwanda kokugxila, futhi ingenye ye-thickeners esetshenziswa kakhulu kanye nezithasiselo ze-rheological.
I-Cationic guar gum iyi-copolymer yemvelo ekhishwe ezitshalweni ze-leguminous, enezici ze-cationic surfactant ne-polymer resin.Ukubukeka kwayo kuyimpushana ephuzi ngokukhanyayo, ayinaphunga noma inephunga elincane.Yakhiwe ngo-80% we-polysaccharide D2 mannose kanye ne-D2 galactose enokwakheka kwe-polymer yamangqamuzana angu-2∀1.Isixazululo saso esingu-1% samanzi sine-viscosity engu-4000 ~ 5000mPas.I-Xanthan gum, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-xanthan gum, i-anionic polymer polysaccharide polymer ekhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa kwesitashi.Iyancibilika emanzini abandayo noma emanzini ashisayo, kodwa ayincibiliki ngokujwayelekile ngezincibilikisi zemvelo.Isici se-xanthan gum ukuthi ingakwazi ukugcina i-viscosity efanayo ekushiseni kwe-0 ~ 100, futhi isenayo i-viscosity ephezulu ekugxilweni okuphansi, futhi inokuqina okuhle kokushisa.), isenayo i-solubility enhle kakhulu nokuzinza, futhi ingahambisana nosawoti ophezulu wokugxila esixazululweni, futhi ingaveza umphumela obalulekile we-synergistic uma isetshenziswa nge-polyacrylic acid thickeners.I-Chitin ingumkhiqizo wemvelo, i-glucosamine polymer, kanye ne-cationic thickener.
I-Sodium alginate (C6H7O8Na)n yakhiwa ngokuyinhloko usawoti we-sodium we-alginic acid, owakhiwa i-al mannuronic acid (M unit) kanye ne-bD guluronic acid (G unit) exhunywe ngamabhondi e-glycosidic angu-1,4 futhi yakhiwe izingcezu ezihlukahlukene ze-GGGMMM ama-copolymers.I-sodium alginate iyi-thickener evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokuphrinta udayi we-textile osebenzayo.Izindwangu eziphrintiwe zinamaphethini agqamile, imigqa ecacile, isivuno sombala ophezulu, isivuno sombala ofanayo, ukuvuthwa okuhle kanye nepulasitiki.Isetshenziswe kabanzi ekunyatheliseni ukotini, uvolo, usilika, inayiloni nezinye izindwangu.
i-synthetic polymer thickener
1. I-Chemical cross-linking synthetic polymer thickener
Ama-thickeners okwenziwa okwamanje yimikhiqizo ethengiswa kakhulu futhi ebanzi kakhulu emakethe.Iningi lalawa ma-thieners ama-polymer axhumene ne-microchemical, angancibiliki emanzini, futhi angamunca amanzi kuphela ukuze avuvuke ukuze ajiye.I-Polyacrylic acid thickener iwugqinsi wokwenziwa osetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi izindlela zayo zokuhlanganisa zihlanganisa i-emulsion polymerization, i-emulsion polymerization ephambene kanye ne-precipitation polymerization.Lolu hlobo lwe-thickener lwenziwe ngokushesha ngenxa yomphumela walo wokujiya ngokushesha, izindleko eziphansi kanye nomthamo omncane.Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lwe-thickener lwenziwe i-polymerized ngama-monomers amathathu noma ngaphezulu, futhi i-monomer eyinhloko ngokuvamile i-monomer encibilika emanzini, njenge-acrylic acid, i-maleic acid noma i-anhydride maleic, i-methacrylic acid, i-acrylamide ne-2 acrylamide.2-methyl propane sulfonate, njll.;i-monomer yesibili ngokuvamile i-acrylate noma i-styrene;i-monomer yesithathu i-monomer enomphumela wokuxhumanisa, njenge-N, N methylenebisacrylamide, i-butylene diacrylate ester noma i-dipropylene phthalate, njll.
Indlela yokujiya ye-polyacrylic acid thickener inezinhlobo ezimbili: ukuqina kwe-neutralization kanye nokuqina kwe-hydrogen bonding.I-neutralization kanye nokuqina ukwenza i-acidic polyacrylic acid thickener ingabi namandla nge-alkali ukuze i-ionize ama-molecule ayo futhi ikhiqize amashaji angalungile eduze kweketango eliyinhloko le-polymer, kuncike ekwenyanyeni phakathi kwezindleko zobulili obufanayo ukukhuthaza ukwelula kwamangqamuzana Vula ukwakha inethiwekhi. isakhiwo ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ukuqina.Ukuqina kwe-hydrogen bonding ukuthi ama-molecule e-polyacrylic acid ahlangana namanzi ukuze akhe ama-molecule e-hydration, abese ehlangana nabanikela nge-hydroxyl njengama-non-ionic surfactants anamaqembu angu-5 noma ngaphezulu e-ethoxy.Ngobulili obufanayo be-electrostatic repulsion of carboxylate ions, iketango lamangqamuzana liyakhiwa.Isandiso se-helical siba njengenduku, ukuze amaketanga e-molecular curled akhululwe ohlelweni olunamanzi ukuze enze isakhiwo senethiwekhi ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokujiya.Inani elihlukile le-pH ye-polymerization, i-ejenti yokungathathi hlangothi kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana kunomthelela omkhulu kumphumela wokujiya wohlelo lokujiya.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-electrolyte e-inorganic angathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuqina kwalolu hlobo lwe-thickener, ama-ion e-monovalent anganciphisa kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, i-divalent noma i-trivalent ion ayikwazi nje ukunciphisa uhlelo, kodwa futhi ikhiqize imvula engancibiliki.Ngakho-ke, ukumelana ne-electrolyte ye-polycarboxylate thickeners kubi kakhulu, okwenza kungenzeki ukufaka isicelo emikhakheni efana nokuxhashazwa kukawoyela.
Ezimbonini lapho ama-thickeners asetshenziswa kakhulu, njengezindwangu, ukuhlola kwe-petroleum nezimonyo, izidingo zokusebenza zama-thickeners ezifana nokumelana ne-electrolyte nokusebenza kahle kokuqina ziphezulu kakhulu.I-thickener elungiselelwe i-polymerization yesisombululo ngokuvamile inesisindo se-molecule ephansi, okwenza ukusebenza kahle kokuqina kube phansi futhi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinqubo ezithile zezimboni.Ama-thickeners ama-molecule aphezulu angatholakala nge-emulsion polymerization, i-emulsion polymerization ephambene nezinye izindlela ze-polymerization.Ngenxa yokumelana okuphansi kwe-electrolyte kasawoti we-sodium weqembu le-carboxyl, ukwengeza ama-non-ionic noma ama-cationic monomers nama-monomers anokumelana okuqinile kwe-electrolyte (njengama-monomers aqukethe amaqembu e-sulfonic acid) engxenyeni ye-polymer kungathuthukisa kakhulu i-viscosity ye-thickener.Ukumelana ne-Electrolyte kuyenza ihlangabezane nezidingo emikhakheni yezimboni njengokubuyiswa kukawoyela emazingeni aphezulu.Kusukela i-emulsion polymerization ephambene yaqala ngo-1962, i-polymerization yesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu i-polyacrylic acid kanye ne-polyacrylamide kuye kwabuswa i-emulsion polymerization ephambene.Kwasungulwa indlela ye-emulsion copolymerization ye-nitrogen equkethe kanye ne-polyoxyethylene noma i-copolymerization yayo eshintshanayo ne-polyoxypropylene polymerized surfactant, i-agent exhumanisa i-cross-linking ne-acrylic acid monomer ukuze kulungiswe i-emulsion ye-polyacrylic acid njenge-thickener, futhi kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle wokujiya, futhi unomphumela omuhle we-antielectroly. ukusebenza.U-Arianna Benetti et al.wasebenzisa indlela ye-emulsion polymerization ephambene ukuze i-copolymerize i-acrylic acid, ama-monomers aqukethe amaqembu e-sulfonic acid kanye nama-cationic monomers ukuze asungule i-thickener yezimonyo.Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwamaqembu e-sulfonic acid kanye nosawoti we-quaternary ammonium onekhono eliqinile le-anti-electrolyte esakhiweni esiwugqinsi, i-polymer elungisiwe inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqina kanye ne-anti-electrolyte.UMartial Pabon et al.isebenzise i-emulsion polymerization ephambene ukuze i-copolymerize i-sodium acrylate, i-acrylamide ne-isooctylphenol polyoxyethylene methacrylate macromonomers ukuze kulungiswe inhlangano ye-hydrophobic ukuqina okuncibilika emanzini.U-Charles A. njll. usebenzise i-acrylic acid ne-acrylamide njengama-comonomers ukuze athole ukuqina kwesisindo samangqamuzana nge-emulsion polymerization ephambene.U-Zhao Junzi nabanye basebenzisa i-polymerization yesisombululo kanye ne-emulsion polymerization ephambene ukuze bahlanganise ama-polyacrylate thickeners e-hydrophobic, futhi baqhathanise inqubo ye-polymerization kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nesixazululo se-polymerization kanye ne-emulsion polymerization ephambene ye-acrylic acid ne-stearyl acrylate, i-hydrophobic association monomer ehlanganiswe ne-acrylic acid kanye ne-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether ingathuthukiswa ngempumelelo nge-emulsion polymerization ephambene ne-acrylic acid copolymerization.Ukumelana ne-Electrolyte kwama-thickeners.U-He Ping uxoxe ngezindaba ezimbalwa ezihlobene nokulungiswa kwe-polyacrylic acid thickener nge-emulsion polymerization ephambene.Kuleli phepha, i-amphoteric copolymer isetshenziswe njenge-stabilizer futhi i-methylenebisacrylamide yasetshenziswa njenge-agent exhumanisa ukuqalisa i-ammonium acrylate ye-emulsion polymerization ephambene ukuze kulungiswe ukuqina okuphezulu kokuphrinta kwe-pigment.Imiphumela yezinzinzisi ezahlukene, abaqalisi, ama-comonomers nama-ejenti okudlulisa amaketango ku-polymerization yacwaningwa.Kuyavezwa ukuthi i-copolymer ye-lauryl methacrylate ne-acrylic acid ingasetshenziswa njenge-stabilizer, futhi iziqalisi ezimbili ze-redox, i-benzoyldimethylaniline peroxide ne-sodium tert-butyl hydroperoxide metabisulfite, angakwazi kokubili ukuqalisa i-polymerization futhi zithole i-viscosity ethile.uginindela omhlophe.Futhi kukholakala ukuthi ukumelana nosawoti we-ammonium acrylate okuhlanganiswe ne-acrylamide engaphansi kuka-15%.
2. Hydrophobic association synthetic polymer thickener
Nakuba ama-thickeners e-polyacrylic acid ahlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali asetshenziswe kabanzi, nakuba ukungezwa kwama-monomers aqukethe amaqembu e-sulfonic acid ekubunjweni kwe-thickener kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo kwe-anti-electrolyte, kusekhona ama-thickeners amaningi alolu hlobo.Amaphutha, njenge-thixotropy embi yesistimu yokujiya, njll. Indlela ethuthukisiwe ukwethula inani elincane lamaqembu e-hydrophobic ochungechungeni lwawo oluyinhloko lwe-hydrophilic ukuze kuhlanganiswe ama-hydrophobic associative thickeners.Ama-thickeners e-Hydrophobic associative angama-thickeners asanda kuthuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva nje.Kunezingxenye ze-hydrophilic namaqembu e-lipophilic esakhiweni samangqamuzana, abonisa umsebenzi othile ongaphezulu.Ama-thickeners e-Associative anokumelana nosawoti okungcono kune-non-associative thickeners.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlotshaniswa kwamaqembu e-hydrophobic ngokwengxenye kuphikisana nokuthambekela kokugoqa okubangelwa umthelela wokuvikela i-ion, noma umgoqo oqinile obangelwa iketango oluseceleni olude ngokwengxenye wenza buthaka umphumela wokuvikela i-ion.Umphumela wokuhlangana usiza ukuthuthukisa i-rheology ye-thickener, edlala indima enkulu enqubweni yesicelo sangempela.Ngokungeziwe kuma-hydrophobic associative thickeners anezinye izakhiwo ezibikwe ezincwadini, u-Tian Dating et al.iphinde yabika ukuthi i-hexadecyl methacrylate, i-hydrophobic monomer equkethe amaketanga amade, yahlanganiswa ne-acrylic acid ukuze kulungiswe ama-associative thickeners akhiwe ngama-copolymers kanambambili.I-thickener yokwenziwa.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi inani elithile lama-monomers axhumanisa kanye nama-hydrophobic long-chain monomers angakhuphula kakhulu i-viscosity.Umphumela we-hexadecyl methacrylate (HM) ku-hydrophobic monomer mukhulu kunalowo we-lauryl methacrylate (LM).Ukusebenza kokuqina kwe-associative crosslinked okuqukethe i-hydrophobic long-chain monomers kungcono kunokwama-non-associative crosslinked thickeners.Ngalesi sisekelo, iqembu locwaningo liphinde lahlanganisa i-associative thickener equkethe i-acrylic acid/acrylamide/hexadecyl methacrylate terpolymer nge-emulsion polymerization ephambene.Imiphumela yafakazela ukuthi kokubili inhlangano ye-hydrophobic ye-cetyl methacrylate kanye nomthelela ongewona we-ionic we-propionamide kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuqina kwe-thickener.
I-Hydrophobic association polyurethane thickener (HEUR) nayo ithuthukiswe kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.Izinzuzo zayo akulula ukwenza i-hydrolyze, i-viscosity ezinzile kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokwakhiwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezifana nenani le-pH nezinga lokushisa.Indlela yokuqina ye-polyurethane thickeners ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esikhethekile se-polymer esine-block-block ngendlela ye-lipophilic-hydrophilic-lipophilic, ukuze umkhawulo weketango amaqembu e-lipophilic (imvamisa amaqembu e-aliphatic hydrocarbon), kanti phakathi nendawo i-hydrophilic encibilikayo emanzini. ingxenye (imvamisa ephakeme isisindo samangqamuzana i-polyethylene glycol).Umphumela wosayizi weqembu lokugcina le-hydrophobic kumphumela wokujiya we-HEUR wacwaningwa.Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola, i-polyethylene glycol enesisindo samangqamuzana angu-4000 yafakwa i-octanol, i-dodecyl alcohol kanye ne-octadecyl alcohol, futhi iqhathaniswa neqembu ngalinye le-hydrophobic.Usayizi we-Micelle owenziwe ngu-HEUR kusisombululo esinamanzi.Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi amaketanga amafushane e-hydrophobic ayenganele ukuthi i-HEUR yakhe ama-micelles e-hydrophobic futhi umphumela wokuqina wawungemuhle.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kuqhathaniswa notshwala be-stearyl kanye ne-lauryl alcohol-terinated polyethylene glycol, ubukhulu be-micelles yangaphambili bukhulu kakhulu kunaleyo yokugcina, futhi kuphetha ngokuthi ingxenye ende ye-hydrophobic chain inomphumela ongcono wokuqina.
Izindawo zokufaka izicelo eziyinhloko
Ukuphrinta Nokudaya Indwangu
Umphumela omuhle wokuphrinta kanye nekhwalithi yokuphrinta kwendwangu kanye ne-pigment kuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokunamathisela kokuphrinta, futhi ukungezwa kwe-thickener kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo.Ukwengeza i-thickener kungenza umkhiqizo ophrintiwe ube nesivuno esiphezulu sombala, uhlaka olucacile lokuphrinta, umbala ogqamile nogcwele, futhi uthuthukise ukufinyeleleka kanye ne-thixotropy yomkhiqizo.Esikhathini esedlule, isitashi semvelo noma i-sodium alginate yayisetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-thickener yokuphrinta ama-pastes.Ngenxa yobunzima bokwenza unamathisele ngesitashi semvelo kanye nentengo ephezulu ye-sodium alginate, kancane kancane ithathelwa indawo yi-acrylic printing and dyeing thickeners.I-Anionic polyacrylic acid inomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokujiya futhi njengamanje iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqina, kodwa lolu hlobo lwe-thickener lusenamaphutha, njengokumelana ne-electrolyte, ukunamathiswa kombala thixotropy, kanye nesivuno sombala ngesikhathi sokuphrinta.Isilinganiso asilungile.Indlela ethuthukisiwe ukwethula inani elincane lamaqembu e-hydrophobic kuketango layo eliyinhloko le-hydrophilic ukuze kuhlanganiswe ama-associative thickeners.Njengamanje, ama-thickeners okuphrinta emakethe yasekhaya angahlukaniswa abe ama-thickeners emvelo, ama-emulsification thickeners kanye nama-synthetic thickeners ngokuya ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene nezindlela zokuzilungiselela.Iningi, ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwayo okuqinile kungaba ngaphezulu kuka-50%, umphumela wokujiya muhle kakhulu.
upende olusekelwe emanzini
Ukwengeza ngokufanelekile ama-thickeners kupende kungashintsha ngokuphumelelayo izici eziwuketshezi zesistimu yepende futhi kwenze kube yi-thixotropic, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze upende ngokuzinza okuhle kwesitoreji nokusebenza.I-thickener esebenza kahle kakhulu ingakhuphula i-viscosity ye-coating ngesikhathi sokugcina, ivimbele ukuhlukaniswa kwe-coating, futhi inciphise i-viscosity ngesikhathi sokumboza ngesivinini esikhulu, ikhulise i-viscosity yefilimu yokumboza ngemva kokumboza, futhi ivimbele ukuvela kokugoqa.Izithako zikapende zendabuko zivame ukusebenzisa ama-polymers ancibilika emanzini, njenge-high-molecular hydroxyethyl cellulose.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polymeric thickeners angasetshenziswa futhi ukulawula ukugcinwa komswakama ngesikhathi senqubo yokumboza yemikhiqizo yamaphepha.Ukuba khona kwama-thickeners kungenza ingaphezulu lephepha eliboshwe libe bushelelezi futhi lifane.Ikakhulukazi i-emulsion ekhukhumele (i-HASE) i-thickener ine-anti-splash performance futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye izinhlobo zama-thickeners ukuze kuncishiswe kakhulu ubulukhuni bephepha eliboshiwe.Isibonelo, upende we-latex uvame ukuhlangana nenkinga yokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa, nokwakhiwa.Nakuba ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi kungase kubambezeleke ngokukhulisa i-viscosity kanye nokuhlakazeka kopende we-latex, ukulungiswa okunjalo kuvame ukulinganiselwa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu Noma ngokukhetha i-thickener kanye nokufanisa kwayo ukuxazulula le nkinga.
ukukhishwa kwamafutha
Ekukhishweni kukawoyela, ukuze kutholwe isivuno esikhulu, ukuqhutshwa koketshezi oluthile (njengamandla we-hydraulic, njll.) kusetshenziselwa ukuphuka ungqimba lwamanzi.Uketshezi lubizwa ngokuthi i-fracturing fluid noma i-fracturing fluid.Inhloso ye-fracturing ukwakha ama-fractures ngobukhulu obuthile kanye ne-conductivity ekubunjweni, futhi impumelelo yayo ihlobene eduze nokusebenza kwe-fracturing fluid esetshenzisiwe.Uketshezi oluqhekekayo luhlanganisa uketshezi oluqhekekayo olusekelwe emanzini, uketshezi oluqhekekayo olususelwa kuwoyela, uketshezi oluphuma etshwaleni olune-alcohol, uketshezi lwe-emulsified fracturing, kanye noketshezi oluqhekeka igwebu.Phakathi kwazo, uketshezi lwe-fracturing olusekelwe emanzini lunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi nokuphepha okuphezulu, futhi okwamanje lusetshenziswa kakhulu.I-Thickener iyisengezo esiyinhloko oketshezini oluphuma emanzini olususelwe emanzini, futhi ukukhula kwalo sekudlule cishe ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka, kodwa ukuthola uketshezi olujiyile oluqhekekayo olusebenza kangcono bekulokhu kuyisiqondiso socwaningo lwezazi zasekhaya nasemazweni angaphandle.Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-fracturing fluid polymer thickeners ezisetshenziswayo okwamanje, ezingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: ama-polysaccharides emvelo kanye nokuphuma kwawo kanye nama-polymers okwenziwa.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokumba uwoyela kanye nokwanda kobunzima bezimayini, abantu babeka phambili izidingo ezintsha neziphakeme zoketshezi oluqhekekayo.Ngenxa yokuthi avumelana kakhulu nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwakheka kune-polysaccharides yemvelo, ama-polymer thickeners okwenziwa azodlala indima enkulu ekuqhekekeni komthombo ojulile okushisa kakhulu.
Amakhemikhali Ansuku zonke nokudla
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zokujiya ezisetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi okufaka usawoti we-inorganic, ama-surfactants, ama-polymers ancibilika emanzini kanye notshwala obunamafutha/ama-acids anamafutha.Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokuhlanza, izimonyo, umuthi wokuxubha neminye imikhiqizo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-thickeners nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokudla.Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuzinzisa izakhiwo ezingokomzimba noma izinhlobo zokudla, ukwandisa i-viscosity yokudla, ukunikeza ukudla ukunambitheka okunamathelayo nokumnandi, futhi zidlala indima ekuqiniseni, ekuqiniseni nasekuhlanganiseni i-homogenizing., emulsifying gel, masking, ukunambitheka kanye sweetening.Ama-thickeners asetshenziswa embonini yokudla ahlanganisa ama-thickeners emvelo atholakala ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni, kanye nama-thickeners okwenziwa afana ne-CMCNa kanye ne-propylene glycol alginate.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-thickeners nawo asetshenziswe kabanzi kwezokwelapha, ukwenza iphepha, izitsha zobumba, ukucutshungulwa kwesikhumba, i-electroplating, njll.
2.I-thickener ye-Inorganic
Ama-thickeners we-Inorganic ahlanganisa amakilasi amabili esisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana nesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu, futhi izingqimba ezinesisindo samangqamuzana aphansi ikakhulukazi ziyizixazululo ezinamanzi zosawoti we-inorganic kanye nama-surfactants.Usawoti we-inorganic okwamanje osetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko uhlanganisa i-sodium chloride, i-potassium chloride, i-ammonium chloride, i-sodium sulfate, i-sodium phosphate ne-pentasodium triphosphate, phakathi kwayo i-sodium chloride ne-ammonium chloride enemiphumela engcono yokuqina.Isimiso esiyisisekelo ukuthi ama-surfactants akha ama-micelles esixazululweni esinamanzi, futhi ukuba khona kwama-electrolyte kukhulisa inani lezinhlangano ze-micelles, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwama-micelles ayindilinga abe ama-micelles amise okwenduku, okwandisa ukumelana nokunyakaza, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise i-viscosity yesistimu. .Kodwa-ke, lapho i-electrolyte idlulele, izothinta isakhiwo se-micellar, inciphise ukumelana nokunyakaza, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inciphise i-viscosity yesistimu, okubizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-salting-out.
I-Inorganic high molecular weight thickeners ihlanganisa i-bentonite, i-attapulgite, i-aluminium silicate, i-sepiolite, i-hectorite, njll. Phakathi kwabo, i-bentonite inenani lezohwebo kakhulu.Indlela yokuqina eyinhloko yakhiwe ngamaminerali ejeli e-thixotropic avuvukala ngokumunca amanzi.Lawa maminerali ngokuvamile anesakhiwo esinezingqimba noma isakhiwo se-lattice esinwetshiwe.Lapho ehlakazeka emanzini, ama-ion ensimbi akuwo ahlukana namakristalu e-lamellar, agcwale ngokuqhubeka kwe-hydration, futhi ekugcineni ahlukane ngokuphelele namakristalu e-lamellar ukuze akhe ukumiswa kwe-colloidal.uketshezi.Ngalesi sikhathi, ubuso be-lamellar crystal inecala elibi, futhi amakhona ayo anenani elincane lokukhokhiswa okuhle ngenxa yokubukeka kwezindawo zokuphuka kwe-lattice.Kusixazululo esincibilikisiwe, amacala amabi ebusweni makhulu kunamacala amahle emakhoneni, futhi izinhlayiya ziyaxoshana ngaphandle kokuqina.Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-electrolyte, ukukhokhiswa okungaphezulu kwe-lamellae kuncipha, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya kushintsha kusukela emandleni aphikisayo phakathi kwe-lamellae kuya emandleni akhangayo phakathi kwezindleko ezimbi ebusweni be-lamellae kanye ne-positive. amacala emakhoneni onqenqema.Kuxhunywe ngokuvundlile ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo samakhadi, okubangela ukuvuvukala ukukhiqiza ijeli ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokujiya.Ngalesi sikhathi, ijeli ye-inorganic iyancibilika emanzini ukuze yakhe ijeli ye-thixotropic kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bentonite ingenza izibopho ze-hydrogen kusixazululo, okuzuzisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-three-dimensional.Inqubo yokuqina kwe-gel hydration kanye nokwakheka kwendlu yekhadi kukhonjiswe kumdwebo we-schematic 1. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-monomers enziwe nge-polymerized kuya ku-montmorillonite ukuze kwandiswe isikhala se-interlayer, bese kuthi i-in-situ intercalation polymerization phakathi kwezingqimba ikhiqize i-polymer/montmorillonite organic-Inorganic hybrid. ukuqina.Amaketanga e-polymer angadlula kumashidi e-montmorillonite ukuze akhe inethiwekhi ye-polymer.Ngokokuqala ngqa, uKazutoshi et al.isebenzise i-sodium-based montmorillonite njenge-ejenti exhumanisa ukwethula uhlelo lwe-polymer, futhi yalungisa i-hydrogel ye-montmorillonite ehlobene nokushisa ezwelayo.U-Liu Hongyu et al.isebenzise i-sodium-based montmorillonite njenge-ejenti exhumanisa ukuhlanganisa uhlobo olusha lwe-thickener ngokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-anti-electrolyte, futhi yahlola ukusebenza kokuqina kanye ne-anti-NaCl nokunye ukusebenza kwe-electrolyte kwe-thickener eyinhlanganisela.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-Na-montmorillonite-crosslinked thickener inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokulwa nogesi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi ama-thickeners we-inorganic kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, njenge-synthetic thickener elungiselelwe uM.Chtourou nezinye izinto eziphuma ku-organic of ammonium salts kanye nobumba lwaseTunisia lwe-montmorillonite, olunomphumela omuhle wokujiya.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-11-2023