Thickener, tseem hu ua gelling tus neeg sawv cev, tseem hu ua paste lossis zaub mov nplaum thaum siv hauv zaub mov.Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau nce viscosity ntawm cov khoom siv viscosity, khaws cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev tsis zoo thiab ruaj khov, lossis tsim cov gel.Thickeners tuaj yeem ua kom cov viscosity ntawm cov khoom sai sai thaum siv.Feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm thickeners yog siv macromolecular saw qauv txuas ntxiv kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj thickening lossis tsim micelles thiab dej los tsim cov qauv peb-dimensional network kom tuab.Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv tsawg dua, kev laus sai thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo, thiab yog siv dav hauv cov khoom noj, coatings, adhesives, tshuaj pleev ib ce, detergents, luam ntawv thiab dyeing, kev tshawb nrhiav roj, roj hmab, tshuaj thiab lwm yam.Cov thickener ntxov tshaj plaws yog dej-soluble ntuj roj hmab, tab sis nws daim ntawv thov raug txwv vim nws tus nqi siab vim nws cov ntau npaum thiab cov zis tsawg.Qhov thib ob tiam thickener tseem hu ua emulsification thickener, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov roj-dej emulsification thickener, nws tau dav siv nyob rau hauv ib co industrial teb.Txawm li cas los xij, emulsifying thickeners yuav tsum siv cov roj av ntau, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ua phem rau ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv.Raws li cov teeb meem no, hluavtaws thickeners tau tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev npaj thiab kev siv cov hluavtaws thickeners tsim los ntawm copolymerization ntawm cov dej-soluble monomers xws li acrylic acid thiab ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm cross-linking monomers tau tsim sai heev.
Hom thickeners thiab thickening mechanism
Muaj ntau ntau hom thickeners, uas yuav muab faib ua inorganic thiab organic polymers, thiab organic polymers yuav muab faib ua tej yam ntuj tso polymers thiab hluavtaws polymers.
Feem ntau ntawm cov natural polymer thickeners yog polysaccharides, uas muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv thiab ntau yam, feem ntau suav nrog cellulose ether, gum arabic, carob gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, chitosan, alginic acid Sodium thiab starch thiab nws cov khoom denatured, thiab lwm yam. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC) nyob rau hauv cellulose ether khoom) thiab methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC) yog hu ua industrial monosodium g. , thiab tau siv dav hauv cov roj drilling, kev tsim kho, txheej, khoom noj, tshuaj thiab tshuaj txhua hnub.Hom thickener no yog tsim los ntawm ntuj polymer cellulose los ntawm kev siv tshuaj.Zhu Ganghui ntseeg hais tias sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) thiab hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv cellulose ether.Lawv yog pawg hydroxyl thiab etherification ntawm chav tsev anhydroglucose ntawm cov saw cellulose.(Chloroacetic acid lossis ethylene oxide) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.Cellulosic thickeners yog thickened los ntawm hydration thiab expansion ntawm ntev chains.Lub thickening mechanism yog raws li nram no: lub ntsiab saw ntawm cellulose molecules koom nrog ib puag ncig dej molecules los ntawm hydrogen bonds, uas ua rau kom cov kua ntim ntawm polymer nws tus kheej, yog li ua kom lub ntim ntawm lub polymer nws tus kheej.qhov system viscosity.Nws cov kua dej aqueous yog cov kua dej uas tsis yog-Newtonian, thiab nws cov viscosity hloov nrog tus nqi shear thiab tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm.Lub viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj nce sai nrog qhov nce ntawm concentration, thiab nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv thickeners thiab rheological additives.
Cationic guar gum yog lub ntuj copolymer muab rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag leguminous, uas muaj cov khoom ntawm cationic surfactant thiab polymer resin.Nws cov tsos yog lub teeb daj hmoov, tsis muaj ntxhiab lossis tsw ntxhiab me ntsis.Nws yog tsim los ntawm 80% polysaccharide D2 mannose thiab D2 galactose nrog 2∀1 siab molecular polymer muaj pes tsawg leeg.Nws 1% aqueous tov muaj viscosity ntawm 4000 ~ 5000mPas.Xanthan gum, tseem hu ua xanthan gum, yog anionic polymer polysaccharide polymer uas ua los ntawm fermentation ntawm starch.Nws yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej txias los yog dej kub, tab sis insoluble nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents.Cov yam ntxwv ntawm xanthan cov pos hniav yog tias nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov viscosity zoo ib yam ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 ~ 100, thiab nws tseem muaj viscosity siab ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, thiab muaj thermal stability zoo.), nws tseem muaj cov solubility zoo heev thiab ruaj khov, thiab tuaj yeem sib haum nrog cov ntsev ntsev hauv cov tshuaj, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thaum siv nrog polyacrylic acid thickeners.Chitin yog cov khoom ntuj tsim, glucosamine polymer, thiab cationic thickener.
Sodium alginate (C6H7O8Na)n yog tsim los ntawm sodium ntsev ntawm alginic acid, uas yog tsim los ntawm aL mannuronic acid (M unit) thiab bD guluronic acid (G unit) txuas los ntawm 1,4 glycosidic bonds thiab muaj li ntawm GGGMMM sib txawv ntawm copolymers.Sodium alginate yog feem ntau siv thickener rau textile reactive dye printing.Cov ntawv luam tawm muaj cov qauv ci ntsa iab, cov kab ntshiab, cov xim zoo nkauj, cov xim zoo nkauj, zoo permeability thiab plasticity.Nws tau siv dav hauv kev luam ntawv ntawm paj rwb, ntaub plaub, silk, nylon thiab lwm yam ntaub.
hluavtaws polymer thickener
1. Cov tshuaj sib txuas sib txuas hluavtaws polymer thickener
Synthetic thickeners yog tam sim no muag tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam khoom ntawm lub khw.Feem ntau ntawm cov thickeners no yog microchemical cross-linked polymers, insoluble hauv dej, thiab tsuas yog nqus dej kom o kom tuab.Polyacrylic acid thickener yog siv dav siv hluavtaws thickener, thiab nws cov txheej txheem synthesis suav nrog emulsion polymerization, thim rov qab emulsion polymerization thiab nag lossis daus polymerization.Hom thickener no tau tsim sai heev vim nws cov nyhuv thickening sai, tus nqi qis thiab ntau npaum li cas.Tam sim no, hom thickener no yog polymerized los ntawm peb lossis ntau dua monomers, thiab lub ntsiab monomer feem ntau yog cov dej-soluble monomer, xws li acrylic acid, maleic acid los yog maleic anhydride, methacrylic acid, acrylamide thiab 2 acrylamide.2-methyl propane sulfonate, thiab lwm yam.;Qhov thib ob monomer feem ntau yog acrylate lossis styrene;qhov thib peb monomer yog ib qho monomer nrog kev sib txuas sib txuas, xws li N, N methylenebisacrylamide, butylene diacrylate ester lossis dipropylene phthalate, thiab lwm yam.
Lub thickening mechanism ntawm polyacrylic acid thickener muaj ob yam: neutralization thickening thiab hydrogen bonding thickening.Neutralization thiab thickening yog neutralize lub acidic polyacrylic acid thickener nrog alkali rau ionize nws cov molecules thiab tsim cov nqi tsis zoo raws li cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm cov polymer, cia siab rau lub repulsion ntawm tib-poj niam txiv neej tsub kom txhawb lub molecular saw stretching Qhib los tsim ib tug network. qauv kom ua tiav cov nyhuv thickening.Hydrogen bonding thickening yog tias polyacrylic acid molecules ua ke nrog dej los tsim cov dej molecules, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov hydroxyl pub dawb xws li non-ionic surfactants nrog 5 lossis ntau dua ethoxy pawg.Los ntawm tib-poj niam txiv neej electrostatic repulsion ntawm carboxylate ions, cov saw molecular yog tsim.Lub helical txuas ntxiv ua tus pas nrig zoo li, yog li ntawd cov curled molecular chains yog untied nyob rau hauv lub aqueous system los tsim ib tug network qauv kom ua tau ib tug thickening nyhuv.Txawv polymerization pH tus nqi, tus neeg sawv cev nruab nrab thiab qhov hnyav molecular muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov nyhuv thickening ntawm cov txheej txheem thickening.Tsis tas li ntawd, inorganic electrolytes tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov thickening efficiency ntawm hom thickener, monovalent ions tsuas yog txo cov thickening efficiency ntawm lub cev, divalent los yog trivalent ions tsis tau tsuas yog nyias nyias, tab sis kuj tsim insoluble precipitate.Yog li ntawd, cov electrolyte tsis kam ntawm polycarboxylate thickeners yog qhov tsis zoo, uas ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv thaj chaw xws li kev siv roj.
Hauv kev lag luam uas cov thickeners tau siv ntau tshaj plaws, xws li textiles, roj av tshawb nrhiav thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thickeners xws li electrolyte tsis kam thiab thickening efficiency yog siab heev.Lub thickener npaj los ntawm kev daws teeb meem polymerization feem ntau muaj qhov hnyav molecular, uas ua rau cov thickening efficiency tsawg thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm qee qhov kev lag luam.High molecular hnyav thickeners tuaj yeem tau los ntawm emulsion polymerization, thim rov qab emulsion polymerization thiab lwm txoj kev polymerization.Vim qhov tsis zoo electrolyte tsis kam ntawm sodium ntsev ntawm pawg carboxyl, ntxiv cov non-ionic lossis cationic monomers thiab monomers uas muaj zog electrolyte tsis kam (xws li monomers uas muaj sulfonic acid pawg) rau cov khoom siv polymer tuaj yeem txhim kho viscosity ntawm thickener.Electrolyte kuj ua rau nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj hauv kev lag luam xws li tertiary roj rov qab.Txij li thaum inverse emulsion polymerization pib nyob rau hauv 1962, lub polymerization ntawm siab molecular hnyav polyacrylic acid thiab polyacrylamide tau dominated los ntawm inverse emulsion polymerization.Tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm emulsion copolymerization ntawm nitrogen-muaj thiab polyoxyethylene los yog nws alternating copolymerization nrog polyoxypropylene polymerized surfactant, cross-linking tus neeg saib xyuas thiab acrylic acid monomer los npaj polyacrylic acid emulsion raws li ib tug thickener, thiab tiav zoo thickening nyhuv, thiab muaj zoo anti-electrolyte. kev ua tau zoo.Arianna Benetti et al.siv cov txheej txheem inverse emulsion polymerization los copolymerize acrylic acid, monomers uas muaj sulfonic acid pawg thiab cationic monomers los tsim ib lub thickener rau tshuaj pleev ib ce.Vim yog kev taw qhia ntawm sulfonic acid pawg thiab quaternary ammonium ntsev nrog muaj zog tiv thaiv electrolyte muaj peev xwm rau hauv cov qauv thickener, cov polymer npaj tau zoo heev thickening thiab anti-electrolyte zog.Martial Pabon et al.siv inverse emulsion polymerization los copolymerize sodium acrylate, acrylamide thiab isooctylphenol polyoxyethylene methacrylate macromonomers los npaj ib lub koom haum hydrophobic dej-soluble thickener.Charles A. thiab lwm yam. siv acrylic acid thiab acrylamide ua comonomers kom tau lub siab molecular hnyav thickener los ntawm inverse emulsion polymerization.Zhao Junzi thiab lwm tus siv cov tshuaj polymerization thiab thim rov qab emulsion polymerization los ua ke hydrophobic koom haum polyacrylate thickeners, thiab piv cov txheej txheem polymerization thiab cov khoom ua tau zoo.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias, piv nrog cov tshuaj polymerization thiab thim rov qab emulsion polymerization ntawm acrylic acid thiab stearyl acrylate, lub koom haum hydrophobic monomer synthesized los ntawm acrylic acid thiab fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ether tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo los ntawm kev thim rov qab emulsion polymerization thiab acrylic acid copolymerization.Electrolyte tsis kam ntawm thickeners.Nws Ping tau tham txog ntau yam teeb meem ntsig txog kev npaj ntawm polyacrylic acid thickener los ntawm inverse emulsion polymerization.Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lub amphoteric copolymer yog siv los ua ib tug stabilizer thiab methylenebisacrylamide yog siv los ua ib tug crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev los pib ammonium acrylate rau inverse emulsion polymerization los npaj ib tug high-kev ua tau zoo thickener rau pigment printing.Cov teebmeem ntawm cov stabilizers sib txawv, cov neeg pib, cov comonomers thiab cov saw hloov pauv ntawm cov polymerization tau kawm.Nws tau taw qhia tias cov copolymer ntawm lauryl methacrylate thiab acrylic acid tuaj yeem siv los ua tus stabilizer, thiab ob lub redox pib, benzoyldimethylaniline peroxide thiab sodium tert-butyl hydroperoxide metabisulfite, tuaj yeem pib ua polymerization thiab tau txais qee yam viscosity.dawb pulp.Thiab nws ntseeg tau tias ntsev tsis kam ntawm ammonium acrylate copolymerized nrog tsawg dua 15% acrylamide nce.
2. Hydrophobic koom haum hluavtaws polymer thickener
Txawm hais tias chemically cross-linked polyacrylic acid thickeners tau siv dav, txawm hais tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov monomers uas muaj sulfonic acid pawg rau cov thickener muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv electrolyte, tseem muaj ntau cov thickeners ntawm hom no.Cov tsis xws luag, xws li cov neeg pluag thixotropy ntawm lub thickening system, thiab lwm yam. Txoj kev txhim kho yog los qhia ib tug me me ntawm hydrophobic pawg rau hauv nws hydrophilic lub ntsiab saw los ua ke hydrophobic associative thickeners.Hydrophobic associative thickeners yog cov tshiab tsim thickeners nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no.Muaj cov hydrophilic qhov chaw thiab lipophilic pawg hauv cov qauv molecular, uas qhia txog qee yam kev ua haujlwm saum npoo av.Associative thickeners muaj ntsev zoo dua li cov uas tsis yog-associative thickeners.Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov koom haum ntawm hydrophobic pawg ib feem cuam tshuam cov curling nyiam tshwm sim los ntawm ion-shielding nyhuv, los yog steric barrier tshwm sim los ntawm ntev sab saw ib feem tsis muaj zog ion-shielding nyhuv.Lub koom haum cuam tshuam pab txhim kho rheology ntawm thickener, uas plays lub luag haujlwm loj hauv cov txheej txheem thov tiag tiag.Ntxiv rau qhov hydrophobic associative thickeners nrog qee cov qauv qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv, Tian Dating li al.kuj tau tshaj tawm tias hexadecyl methacrylate, hydrophobic monomer uas muaj cov hlua ntev, tau copolymerized nrog acrylic acid los npaj cov thickeners associative muaj li ntawm binary copolymer.Synthetic thickener.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qee qhov ntawm cov kab sib txuas monomers thiab hydrophobic long-chain monomers tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj viscosity.Cov nyhuv ntawm hexadecyl methacrylate (HM) hauv hydrophobic monomer yog ntau dua li ntawm lauryl methacrylate (LM).Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke crosslinked thickeners uas muaj hydrophobic ntev-chain monomers zoo dua li cov uas tsis yog koom nrog crosslinked thickeners.Rau lub hauv paus no, pawg tshawb fawb kuj tau tsim ib qho kev sib koom ua ke uas muaj acrylic acid / acrylamide / hexadecyl methacrylate terpolymer los ntawm inverse emulsion polymerization.Cov txiaj ntsig tau ua pov thawj tias ob qho tib si hydrophobic koom haum ntawm cetyl methacrylate thiab cov nyhuv uas tsis yog-ionic ntawm propionamide tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov thickener.
Hydrophobic koom haum polyurethane thickener (HEUR) kuj tau tsim zoo heev nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no.Nws qhov zoo yog tsis yooj yim rau hydrolyze, ruaj khov viscosity thiab kev tsim kho zoo heev hauv ntau hom kev siv xws li pH nqi thiab kub.Lub thickening mechanism ntawm polyurethane thickeners yog vim nws tshwj xeeb peb-thaiv polymer qauv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lipophilic-hydrophilic-lipophilic, thiaj li hais tias cov saw xaus yog lipophilic pawg (feem ntau aliphatic hydrocarbon pawg), thiab nruab nrab yog dej-soluble hydrophilic. ntu (feem ntau dua molecular hnyav polyethylene glycol).Cov nyhuv ntawm hydrophobic kawg pab pawg loj ntawm cov nyhuv thickening ntawm HEUR tau kawm.Siv cov kev sim sib txawv, polyethylene glycol nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 4000 tau capped nrog octanol, dodecyl cawv thiab octadecyl cawv, thiab muab piv nrog txhua pawg hydrophobic.Micele loj tsim los ntawm HEUR nyob rau hauv aqueous tov.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias luv luv hydrophobic chains tsis txaus rau HEUR los tsim hydrophobic micelles thiab cov nyhuv thickening tsis zoo.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, sib piv stearyl cawv thiab lauryl cawv-tawm polyethylene glycol, qhov loj ntawm micelles ntawm lub qub yog loj dua li ntawm qhov kawg, thiab nws tau txiav txim siab tias qhov ntev hydrophobic saw ntu muaj cov nyhuv thickening zoo dua.
Cov chaw siv tseem ceeb
Printing thiab Dyeing Textile
Cov nyhuv luam ntawv zoo thiab zoo ntawm textile thiab pigment luam ntawv yog nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev luam ntawv paste, thiab ntxiv cov thickener plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws cov kev ua tau zoo.Ntxiv cov thickener tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom luam tawm muaj cov xim zoo nkauj, cov qauv luam tawm meej, ci thiab puv xim, thiab txhim kho cov permeability thiab thixotropy ntawm cov khoom.Yav dhau los, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los yog sodium alginate feem ntau yog siv los ua cov thickener rau luam ntawv pastes.Vim qhov nyuaj ntawm kev muab tshuaj txhuam los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov nqi siab ntawm sodium alginate, nws maj mam hloov los ntawm acrylic printing thiab dyeing thickeners.Anionic polyacrylic acid muaj cov nyhuv thickening zoo tshaj plaws thiab tam sim no yog cov thickener siv dav tshaj plaws, tab sis hom thickener no tseem muaj qhov tsis xws luag, xws li electrolyte tsis kam, xim paste thixotropy, thiab xim yield thaum luam ntawv.Qhov nruab nrab tsis zoo tagnrho.Txoj kev txhim kho yog los qhia me me ntawm cov pab pawg hydrophobic rau hauv nws cov saw hlau hydrophilic tseem ceeb los ua ke sib koom ua ke thickeners.Tam sim no, luam ntawv thickeners nyob rau hauv lub lag luam domestic yuav muab faib ua tej yam ntuj tso thickeners, emulsification thickeners thiab hluavtaws thickeners raws li txawv raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev npaj.Feem ntau, vim tias nws cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem siab dua 50%, cov nyhuv thickening yog qhov zoo heev.
pleev xim rau dej
Tsim nyog ntxiv cov thickeners rau cov xim tuaj yeem hloov cov kua dej ntawm cov xim txheej txheem thiab ua rau nws thixotropic, yog li muab cov xim zoo nrog kev ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.Lub thickener nrog kev ua tau zoo heev tuaj yeem ua kom cov viscosity ntawm txheej thaum khaws cia, inhibit qhov sib cais ntawm txheej, thiab txo cov viscosity thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheej ceev, ua kom cov viscosity ntawm txheej txheej tom qab txheej, thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm sagging.Cov tshuaj pleev xim ib txwm siv feem ntau siv cov dej-soluble polymers, xws li high-molecular hydroxyethyl cellulose.Tsis tas li ntawd, polymeric thickeners kuj tseem siv tau los tswj cov dej noo thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom ntawv.Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov thickeners tuaj yeem ua rau saum npoo ntawm cov ntawv coated smoother thiab ntau yam sib xws.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov swellable emulsion (HASE) thickener muaj anti-splash kev ua tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog lwm hom thickeners kom txo tau qhov roughness ntawm daim ntawv coated.Piv txwv li, cov xim latex feem ntau ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev sib cais dej thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, kev thauj mus los, kev cia khoom, thiab kev tsim kho.Txawm hais tias cov dej sib cais tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm los ntawm kev ua kom cov viscosity thiab dispersibility ntawm cov xim latex, xws li kev hloov kho feem ntau txwv, thiab qhov tseem ceeb dua los yog los ntawm kev xaiv cov thickener thiab nws qhov sib txuam los daws qhov teeb meem no.
roj rho tawm
Hauv kev rho tawm cov roj, txhawm rau kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig siab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm qee cov kua (xws li lub zog hydraulic, thiab lwm yam) yog siv los ua kom cov kua dej tawg.Cov kua yog hu ua fracturing fluid lossis fracturing fluid.Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tawg yog tsim cov pob txha pob txha nrog qee qhov loj me thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim, thiab nws txoj kev vam meej yog ze ze rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kua fracturing siv.Fracturing fluids muaj xws li dej-raws li fracturing fluids, oil-based fracturing fluids, cawv-based fracturing fluids, emulsified fracturing fluids, thiab foam fracturing fluids.Ntawm lawv, dej-raws li fracturing kua muaj qhov zoo ntawm tus nqi qis thiab kev nyab xeeb siab, thiab tam sim no yog siv dav tshaj plaws.Thickener yog lub ntsiab additive nyob rau hauv dej-raws li fracturing kua, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob tau mus txog ze li ntawm ib nrab xyoo pua, tab sis tau txais ib tug fracturing kua thickener nrog kev ua tau zoo dua yeej ib txwm yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.Muaj ntau yam dej-raws li fracturing fluid polymer thickeners tam sim no siv, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ntuj polysaccharides thiab lawv cov derivatives thiab hluavtaws polymers.Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov mining nyuaj, tib neeg muab cov kev xav tau tshiab thiab siab dua rau cov kua dej fracturing.Vim tias lawv hloov tau yooj yim dua rau qhov chaw tsim khoom ntau dua li ntuj polysaccharides, hluavtaws polymer thickeners yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntau dua hauv qhov kub-kub tob tob zoo fracturing.
Tshuaj Txhua Hnub thiab Khoom Noj
Tam sim no, muaj ntau tshaj 200 hom thickeners siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub, feem ntau suav nrog inorganic ntsev, surfactants, dej-soluble polymers thiab fatty alcohols / fatty acids.Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau hauv detergents, tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab lwm yam khoom.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thickeners kuj tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam khoom noj.Lawv tsuas yog siv los txhim kho thiab ruaj khov ntawm lub cev los yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom noj, ua kom cov viscosity ntawm cov zaub mov, muab cov zaub mov nplaum thiab qab saj, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv thickening, stabilizing thiab homogenizing., emulsifying gel, masking, flavoring thiab sweetening.Thickeners siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus muaj xws li ntuj thickeners tau los ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag, nrog rau cov hluavtaws thickeners xws li CMCNa thiab propylene glycol alginate.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thickeners kuj tau siv dav hauv tshuaj, papermaking, ceramics, tawv ua, electroplating, thiab lwm yam.
2.Inorganic thickener
Inorganic thickeners muaj xws li ob chav kawm ntawm qhov hnyav molecular thiab siab molecular hnyav, thiab tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav thickeners yog cov ntsiab lus aqueous ntawm inorganic ntsev thiab surfactants.Cov ntsev inorganic tam sim no siv feem ntau suav nrog sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate thiab pentasodium triphosphate, ntawm cov sodium chloride thiab ammonium chloride muaj cov nyhuv thickening zoo dua.Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov surfactants tsim micelles hauv cov tshuaj aqueous, thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm electrolytes nce cov micelles koom haum, ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov micelles kheej kheej rau hauv cov pas nrig micelles, ua rau lub zog tsis kam, thiab yog li ua kom cov viscosity ntawm lub cev. .Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov electrolyte ntau dhau lawm, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau cov qauv micellar, txo qhov kev txav mus los, thiab yog li txo cov viscosity ntawm lub cev, uas yog lub npe hu ua salting-out effect.
Inorganic siab molecular hnyav thickeners muaj xws li bentonite, attapulgite, aluminium silicate, sepiolite, hectorite, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, bentonite muaj cov nqi lag luam tshaj plaws.Lub ntsiab thickening mechanism yog tsim los ntawm thixotropic gel minerals uas o los ntawm absorbing dej.Cov zaub mov no feem ntau muaj cov txheej txheem txheej los yog cov txheej txheem nthuav dav.Thaum dispersed nyob rau hauv dej, cov hlau ions nyob rau hauv nws diffuse los ntawm lamellar muaju, swell nrog kev vam meej ntawm hydration, thiab thaum kawg cais tag nrho ntawm lamellar crystals los ua ib tug colloidal ncua kev kawm ntawv.ua kua.Lub sijhawm no, lub ntsej muag ntawm lamellar siv lead ua muaj qhov tsis zoo, thiab nws cov ces kaum muaj tus nqi me me ntawm qhov zoo vim qhov pom ntawm cov lattice puas.Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem, cov nqi tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw loj dua cov nqi zoo ntawm cov ces kaum, thiab cov lus hais tawm ib leeg yam tsis muaj thickening.Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov electrolyte concentration, tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lamellae txo qis, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv los ntawm lub zog quab yuam ntawm lamellae mus rau lub zog txaus nyiam ntawm cov nqi tsis zoo ntawm lub lamellae thiab qhov zoo. tsub nqi ntawm cov ces kaum.Vertically cross-linked ua ke los tsim ib lub tsev ntawm daim npav qauv, ua rau o los tsim cov gel kom ua tiav cov nyhuv thickening.Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov inorganic gel dissolves nyob rau hauv dej los tsim ib tug heev thixotropic gel.Tsis tas li ntawd, bentonite tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen hauv kev daws teeb meem, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov qauv ntawm peb sab.Cov txheej txheem ntawm inorganic gel hydration thickening thiab daim npav lub tsev tsim yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab schematic 1. Intercalation ntawm polymerized monomers rau montmorillonite kom cov interlayer spacing, thiab ces in-site intercalation polymerization ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav tsim ib tug polymer / montmorillonite organic-Inorganic hybrid. tuab.Polymer chains tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv montmorillonite los tsim ib lub network polymer.Thawj zaug, Kazutoshi li al.siv sodium-based montmorillonite ua tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas los qhia txog cov txheej txheem polymer, thiab npaj cov montmorillonite cross-linked kub-sensitive hydrogel.Liu Hongyu et al.siv sodium-based montmorillonite ua tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas los ua ke ib hom tshiab ntawm cov thickener nrog kev ua haujlwm siab tiv thaiv electrolyte, thiab kuaj cov thickening kev ua tau zoo thiab anti-NaCl thiab lwm yam electrolyte kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov thickener composite.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias Na-montmorillonite-crosslinked thickener muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv electrolyte zoo heev.Tsis tas li ntawd, kuj tseem muaj cov organic thiab lwm cov organic compound thickeners, xws li cov hluavtaws thickener npaj los ntawm M.Chtourou thiab lwm yam organic derivatives ntawm ammonium ntsev thiab Tunisian av nplaum uas yog montmorillonite, uas muaj cov nyhuv thickening.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-11-2023