Thickener, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti gelling agent, amatchedwanso phala kapena guluu wa chakudya akagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya.ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe a dongosolo zinthu, kusunga dongosolo zinthu yunifolomu ndi khola kuyimitsidwa boma kapena emulsified boma, kapena kupanga gel osakaniza.Thickeners akhoza mwamsanga kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mankhwala akagwiritsidwa ntchito.Zambiri zamakina opangira ma thickeners ndikugwiritsa ntchito macromolecular chain structure extension kuti akwaniritse zolinga zokhuthala kapena kupanga ma micelles ndi madzi kuti apange mawonekedwe amitundu itatu kuti akhwime.Ili ndi mawonekedwe a mlingo wocheperako, kukalamba mwachangu komanso kukhazikika bwino, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakudya, zokutira, zomatira, zodzoladzola, zotsukira, kusindikiza ndi utoto, kufufuza mafuta, mphira, mankhwala ndi zina.Wokhuthala wakale kwambiri anali mphira wachilengedwe wosungunuka m'madzi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kunali kochepa chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kutsika kochepa.Chowonjezera cham'badwo wachiwiri chimatchedwanso emulsification thickener, makamaka pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mafuta opangira madzi otsekemera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ena.Komabe, emulsifying thickeners ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri a palafini, omwe samangowononga chilengedwe, komanso amachititsa kuti pakhale ngozi pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.Kutengera ndi mavutowa, zokometsera zopangira zatuluka, makamaka kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowuma zopanga zopangidwa ndi copolymerization ya ma monomers osungunuka m'madzi monga acrylic acid ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwa ma monomers olumikizana nawo apangidwa mwachangu.
Mitundu ya thickeners ndi thickening makina
Pali mitundu yambiri ya thickeners, amene akhoza kugawidwa mu inorganic ndi organic ma polima, ndi organic ma polima akhoza kugawidwa mu ma polima zachilengedwe ndi kupanga ma polima.
Ambiri mwachilengedwe polima thickeners ndi ma polysaccharides, omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yambiri, makamaka kuphatikiza mapadi a cellulose, chingamu arabic, chingamu cha carob, guar chingamu, xanthan chingamu, chitosan, alginic acid Sodium ndi wowuma ndi zinthu zake zopangidwa ndi denatured, etc. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC) mu mankhwala a cellulose ether ) ndi methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC) amadziwika kuti mafakitale monosodium . , ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobowola mafuta, kumanga, zokutira, chakudya, mankhwala ndi mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku.Mtundu uwu wa thickener umapangidwa makamaka ndi cellulose yachilengedwe ya polima kudzera mukuchita kwamankhwala.Zhu Ganghui amakhulupirira kuti sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu za cellulose ether.Ndiwo magulu a hydroxyl ndi etherification a unit ya anhydroglucose pa tcheni cha cellulose.(Chloroacetic acid kapena ethylene oxide) zochita.Celulosic thickeners ndi unakhuthala ndi hydration ndi kukulitsa unyolo wautali.The thickening limagwirira ndi motere: waukulu unyolo mapadi mamolekyu amagwirizana ndi ozungulira mamolekyu madzi kudzera hydrogen bondi, amene kumawonjezera voliyumu madzimadzi a polima palokha, potero kuwonjezera buku la polima palokha.kukhuthala kwa dongosolo.Yankho lake lamadzi ndi madzi osakhala a Newtonian, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kumasintha ndi kumeta ubweya ndipo alibe chochita ndi nthawi.Kukhuthala kwa yankho kumawonjezeka mofulumira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende, ndipo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zowonjezera za rheological.
Cationic guar chingamu ndi copolymer yachilengedwe yotengedwa ku zomera za leguminous, zomwe zimakhala ndi cationic surfactant ndi polymer resin.Maonekedwe ake ndi ufa wachikasu wopepuka, wopanda fungo kapena wonunkhira pang'ono.Amapangidwa ndi 80% polysaccharide D2 mannose ndi D2 galactose yokhala ndi 2∀1 yopangidwa ndi ma polima apamwamba kwambiri.Yake 1% yankho lamadzimadzi lili ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe a 4000 ~ 5000mPas.Xanthan chingamu, yemwenso amadziwika kuti xanthan chingamu, ndi anionic polima polysaccharide polima opangidwa ndi nayonso mphamvu wowuma.Imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira kapena madzi otentha, koma osasungunuka muzosungunulira za organic.Makhalidwe a xanthan chingamu ndi chakuti amatha kusunga kukhuthala yunifolomu pa kutentha kwa 0 ~ 100, ndipo akadali ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu pamagulu otsika, ndipo amakhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha.), imakhalabe ndi kusungunuka kwambiri komanso kukhazikika, ndipo imatha kukhala yogwirizana ndi mchere wochuluka kwambiri mu yankho, ndipo imatha kutulutsa kwambiri synergistic effect ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi polyacrylic acid thickeners.Chitin ndi mankhwala achilengedwe, glucosamine polima, ndi cationic thickener.
Sodium alginate (C6H7O8Na)n imapangidwa makamaka ndi mchere wa sodium wa alginic acid, womwe umapangidwa ndi al mannuronic acid (M unit) ndi bD guluronic acid (G unit) olumikizidwa ndi 1,4 glycosidic bond ndipo amapangidwa ndi tizidutswa ta GGGMMM tosiyanasiyana. copolymers.Sodium alginate ndiye chowonjezera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posindikiza utoto wa nsalu.Nsalu zosindikizidwa zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owala, mizere yomveka bwino, zokolola zamtundu wapamwamba, zokolola zamtundu umodzi, zowoneka bwino komanso pulasitiki.Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posindikiza thonje, ubweya, silika, nayiloni ndi nsalu zina.
kupanga polima thickener
1. Chemical mtanda yolumikizira kupanga polima thickener
Ma Synthetic thickeners pakadali pano ndi omwe amagulitsidwa kwambiri komanso osiyanasiyana pamsika.Zambiri mwazokhuthalazi ndi ma polima ophatikizika a microchemical, osasungunuka m'madzi, ndipo amatha kuyamwa madzi kuti afufuze kuti akhwime.Polyacrylic acid thickener ndi anthu ambiri kupanga thickener, ndi kaphatikizidwe njira zake monga emulsion polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization ndi mpweya polymerization.Mtundu uwu wa thickener wapangidwa mofulumira chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwake mofulumira, kutsika mtengo komanso kuchepa kwa mlingo.Pakali pano, mtundu uwu wa thickener ndi polymerized ndi monomers atatu kapena kuposa, ndi monomer waukulu zambiri madzi sungunuka monoma, monga acrylic acid, asidi maleic kapena maleic anhydride, methacrylic asidi, acrylamide ndi 2 acrylamide.2-methyl propane sulfonate, etc.;monoma yachiwiri nthawi zambiri imakhala acrylate kapena styrene;monoma yachitatu ndi monoma yokhala ndi mawonekedwe olumikizana, monga N, N methylenebisacrylamide, butylene diacrylate ester kapena dipropylene phthalate, etc.
The thickening limagwirira wa polyacrylic acid thickener ali mitundu iwiri: neutralization thickening ndi wa hydrogen chomangira thickening.Neutralization ndi thickening ndi neutralize ndi acidic polyacrylic acid thickener ndi alkali kuti ionize mamolekyu ake ndi kupanga mlandu zoipa pamodzi unyolo waukulu wa polima, kudalira repulsion pakati pa amuna kapena akazi milandu kulimbikitsa maselo unyolo kutambasula Open kupanga maukonde. kapangidwe kukwaniritsa thickening kwenikweni.Hydrogen bonding thickening ndikuti ma molekyulu a polyacrylic acid amaphatikizana ndi madzi kuti apange mamolekyu a hydration, kenako amaphatikizana ndi opereka ma hydroxyl monga ma non-ionic surfactants okhala ndi magulu asanu kapena kuposerapo a ethoxy.Kupyolera mu kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha electrostatic repulsion ya carboxylate ions, unyolo wa maselo umapangidwa.Kukula kwa helical kumakhala ngati ndodo, kotero kuti maunyolo opindika a maselo amamasulidwa mu dongosolo lamadzi kuti apange maukonde kuti akwaniritse makulidwe.Osiyana polymerization pH mtengo, neutralizing wothandizira ndi maselo kulemera ndi chikoka chachikulu pa thickening zotsatira za thickening dongosolo.Komanso, ma electrolyte inorganic zingakhudze kwambiri thickening dzuwa la mtundu wa thickener, ayoni monovalent akhoza kuchepetsa thickening dzuwa la dongosolo, ma ion divalent kapena trivalent osati woonda dongosolo, komanso kubala insoluble precipitate.Chifukwa chake, kukana kwa electrolyte kwa polycarboxylate thickeners ndikotsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito m'minda monga kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.
M'mafakitale omwe ma thickeners amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, monga nsalu, kufufuza mafuta a petroleum ndi zodzoladzola, zofunikira zogwirira ntchito za thickeners monga electrolyte resistance ndi thickening mphamvu ndizokwera kwambiri.The thickener yokonzedwa ndi njira polymerization nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi otsika kwambiri maselo kulemera, amene kumapangitsa thickening dzuwa kukhala otsika ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunika za mafakitale ena.High maselo kulemera thickeners akhoza analandira ndi emulsion polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization ndi njira polymerization.Chifukwa osauka electrolyte kukana sodium mchere wa gulu carboxyl, kuwonjezera sanali ionic kapena cationic monomers ndi monomers ndi amphamvu electrolyte kukana (monga monomers munali magulu sulfonic asidi) kuti polima chigawo chimodzi akhoza kwambiri kusintha mamasukidwe akayendedwe a thickener.Electrolyte resistance imapangitsa kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira m'mafakitale monga kuchira kwamafuta apamwamba.Popeza inverse emulsion polymerization inayamba mu 1962, ndi polymerization wa mkulu maselo kulemera polyacrylic asidi ndi polyacrylamide wakhala akulamulidwa ndi inverse emulsion polymerization.Anatulukira njira ya emulsion copolymerization wa nayitrogeni munali ndi polyoxyethylene kapena alternating copolymerization ndi polyoxypropylene polymerized surfactant, mtanda kugwirizana wothandizila ndi acrylic asidi monoma kukonzekera polyacrylic asidi emulsion monga thickener, ndipo akwaniritsa Good thickening zotsatira, ndipo ali ndi uthenga wabwino odana ndi electrolyte. ntchito.Arianna Benetti et al.ntchito njira inverse emulsion polymerization kuti copolymerize acrylic asidi, monomers munali magulu sulfonic asidi ndi cationic monomers kupanga thickener kwa zodzoladzola.Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa magulu a sulfonic acid ndi mchere wa quaternary ammonium wokhala ndi mphamvu zotsutsa-electrolyte m'mapangidwe a thickener, polima wokonzeka ali ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zowonjezera komanso zotsutsana ndi electrolyte.Martial Pabon et al.ntchito inverse emulsion polymerization kuti copolymerize sodium acrylate, acrylamide ndi isooctylphenol polyoxyethylene methacrylate macromonomers kukonzekera hydrophobic mgwirizano madzi sungunuka thickener.Charles A. etc. ntchito acrylic asidi ndi acrylamide monga comonomers kupeza mkulu maselo thickener ndi inverse emulsion polymerization.Zhao Junzi ndi ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira polymerization ndi inverse emulsion polymerization kuti lithe hydrophobic mayanjano polyacrylate thickeners, ndi poyerekeza polymerization ndondomeko ndi ntchito mankhwala.Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti, poyerekeza ndi yankho polymerization ndi inverse emulsion polymerization wa acrylic acid ndi stearyl acrylate, ndi hydrophobic mgwirizano monoma apanga kuchokera acrylic asidi ndi mafuta mowa polyoxyethylene efa akhoza bwino bwino ndi inverse emulsion polymerization ndi acrylic asidi copolymerization.Electrolyte kukana kwa thickeners.Iye Ping anakambirana nkhani zingapo zokhudza kukonzekera polyacrylic asidi thickener ndi inverse emulsion polymerization.Mu pepala ili, amphoteric copolymer ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati stabilizer ndi methylenebisacrylamide ntchito ngati crosslinking wothandizira kuyambitsa ammonium acrylate kwa inverse emulsion polymerization kukonzekera mkulu-ntchito thickener kwa pigment kusindikiza.Zotsatira za ma stabilizer osiyanasiyana, oyambitsa, ma comonomers ndi othandizira kutengera unyolo pa polymerization adaphunziridwa.Zimanenedwa kuti copolymer wa lauryl methacrylate ndi acrylic acid angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati stabilizer, ndipo awiri oyambitsa redox, benzoyldimethylaniline peroxide ndi sodium tert-butyl hydroperoxide metabisulfite, akhoza kuyambitsa polymerization ndi kupeza kukhuthala kwina.zamkati woyera.Ndipo akukhulupirira kuti kukana mchere wa ammonium acrylate copolymerized ndi zosakwana 15% acrylamide kumawonjezera.
2. Hydrophobic association kupanga polima thickener
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ophatikizika a polyacrylic acid thickeners akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kuwonjezera kwa monomers okhala ndi magulu a sulfonic acid kumagulu a thickener kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yake yotsutsana ndi electrolyte, pali zowonjezera zambiri zamtunduwu.Zowonongeka, monga osauka thixotropy wa thickening dongosolo, etc. The bwino njira ndi atchule ochepa hydrophobic magulu ake hydrophilic waukulu unyolo lithe hydrophobic associative thickeners.Ma Hydrophobic associative thickeners ndi otukuka kumene m'zaka zaposachedwa.Pali magawo a hydrophilic ndi magulu a lipophilic mu kapangidwe ka maselo, kuwonetsa zochitika zina zapamtunda.Ma associative thickeners ali ndi kukana kwa mchere bwino kuposa zonenepa zosaphatikiza.Izi zili choncho chifukwa kuyanjana kwa magulu a hydrophobic kumatsutsana ndi chizolowezi chopiringa chifukwa cha kutchinga kwa ion, kapena chotchinga chotchinga chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi unyolo wam'mbali wautali chimafooketsa mphamvu yotchinga ya ion.Kuyanjana kumathandizira kukonza ma rheology a thickener, omwe amatenga gawo lalikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni.Kuphatikiza pa hydrophobic associative thickeners ndi zina zomwe zalembedwa m'mabuku, Tian Dating et al.ananenanso kuti hexadecyl methacrylate, monoma hydrophobic munali maunyolo yaitali, anali copolymerized ndi acrylic asidi kukonzekera thickeners associative wopangidwa ndi bayinare copolymers.Synthetic thickener.Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma monomers olumikizana ndi ma hydrophobic atali-chain monomers kumatha kukulitsa kukhuthala.Mphamvu ya hexadecyl methacrylate (HM) mu hydrophobic monomer ndi yayikulu kuposa ya lauryl methacrylate (LM).Kuchita kwa ma associative crosslinked thickeners okhala ndi ma hydrophobic long-chain monomers ndikwabwino kuposa a non-associative crosslinked thickeners.Pazifukwa izi, gulu lofufuzira linapanganso chowonjezera chophatikizana chokhala ndi acrylic acid/acrylamide/hexadecyl methacrylate terpolymer ndi inverse emulsion polymerization.Zotsatira zinatsimikizira kuti hydrophobic association ya cetyl methacrylate ndi zotsatira zopanda ionic za propionamide zimatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yowonjezereka ya thickener.
Hydrophobic association polyurethane thickener (HEUR) yapangidwanso kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.Ubwino wake siwosavuta ku hydrolyze, kukhuthala kokhazikika komanso ntchito yabwino yomanga mumitundu yosiyanasiyana monga pH mtengo ndi kutentha.The thickening limagwirira wa polyurethane thickeners makamaka chifukwa chapadera atatu chipika polima dongosolo mu mawonekedwe a lipophilic-hydrophilic-lipophilic, kuti unyolo malekezero ndi magulu lipophilic (kawirikawiri aliphatic hydrocarbon magulu), ndi pakati ndi Madzi sungunuka hydrophilic. gawo (nthawi zambiri molekyulu yolemera polyethylene glycol).Zotsatira za kukula kwa gulu la hydrophobic pakukula kwa HEUR kudaphunziridwa.Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera, polyethylene glycol yokhala ndi molekyulu yolemera 4000 idapangidwa ndi octanol, mowa wa dodecyl ndi mowa wa octadecyl, ndikuyerekeza ndi gulu lililonse la hydrophobic.Kukula kwa Micelle kupangidwa ndi HEUR mu njira yamadzi.Zotsatirazo zinasonyeza kuti maunyolo afupikitsa a hydrophobic sanali okwanira kuti HEUR ipange ma hydrophobic micelles ndipo zotsatira za thickening sizinali zabwino.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyerekeza mowa wa stearyl ndi lauryl mowa-otheratu polyethylene glycol, kukula kwa micelles yakale ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa yotsirizirayi, ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa kuti gawo lalitali la hydrophobic chain limakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zowonjezera.
Magawo akuluakulu ofunsira
Kusindikiza ndi Kudaya Zovala
Zotsatira zabwino zosindikizira ndi mtundu wa nsalu ndi pigment yosindikiza zimadalira kwambiri momwe makina osindikizira amachitira, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa thickener kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.Kuwonjezera thickener kungachititse kusindikizidwa mankhwala ndi mkulu mtundu zokolola, bwino kusindikiza autilaini, owala ndi mtundu wonse, ndi kusintha permeability ndi thixotropy wa mankhwala.M'mbuyomu, wowuma wachilengedwe kapena sodium alginate ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener posindikiza phala.Chifukwa chazovuta kupanga phala kuchokera ku wowuma wachilengedwe komanso mtengo wokwera wa sodium alginate, pang'onopang'ono amasinthidwa ndi makina osindikizira a acrylic ndi dyeing thickeners.Anionic polyacrylic acid ndi yabwino thickening zotsatira ndipo panopa kwambiri ntchito thickener, koma mtundu wa thickener akadali ndi zolakwika, monga electrolyte kukana, mtundu phala thixotropy, ndi mtundu zokolola pa kusindikiza.Avereji si yabwino.Njira yowongoleredwa ndikuyambitsa timagulu tating'ono ta hydrophobic mu unyolo wake waukulu wa hydrophilic kuti apange zokometsera zolumikizana.Pakali pano, thickeners kusindikiza msika m'nyumba akhoza kugawidwa thickeners zachilengedwe, emulsification thickeners ndi kupanga thickeners malinga ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi njira kukonzekera.Zambiri, chifukwa zolimba zake zimatha kukhala zapamwamba kuposa 50%, kukhuthala kwake ndikwabwino kwambiri.
utoto wamadzi
Moyenera kuwonjezera thickeners kwa utoto akhoza bwino kusintha madzimadzi makhalidwe a dongosolo utoto ndi kupanga thixotropic, motero endowing utoto ndi kusunga bwino yosungirako ndi workability.Wokhuthala wokhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri amatha kukulitsa kukhuthala kwa zokutira panthawi yosungira, kuletsa kupatukana kwa zokutira, komanso kuchepetsa kukhuthala panthawi yopaka liwilo, kukulitsa kukhuthala kwa filimu yopaka pambuyo pakupaka, ndikuletsa kugwedezeka.Zothira utoto wamba nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma polima osungunuka m'madzi, monga mamolekyulu a hydroxyethyl cellulose.Kuphatikiza apo, ma polymeric thickeners amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kusungika kwa chinyezi panthawi yopaka zinthu zamapepala.Kukhalapo kwa thickeners kungapangitse pamwamba pa pepala lokutidwa kukhala losalala komanso lofanana.Makamaka swellable emulsion (HASE) thickener ali ndi anti-splash performance ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi mitundu ina thickeners kuchepetsa kwambiri roughness pamwamba pa TACHIMATA pepala.Mwachitsanzo, utoto wa latex nthawi zambiri umakumana ndi vuto la kulekanitsa madzi panthawi yopanga, kuyendetsa, kusunga, ndi kumanga.Ngakhale kulekanitsa madzi kungachedwe poonjezera kukhuthala ndi kufalikira kwa utoto wa latex, kusintha koteroko nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa, komanso kofunika kwambiri Kapena mwa kusankha kwa thickener ndi kufanana kwake kuti athetse vutoli.
kuchotsa mafuta
Pochotsa mafuta, kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, ma conductivity a madzi ena (monga mphamvu ya hydraulic, etc.) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphwanya wosanjikiza wamadzimadzi.Madziwo amatchedwa fracturing fluid kapena fracturing fluid.Cholinga cha fracturing ndi kupanga fractures ndi kukula kwake ndi conductivity mu mapangidwe, ndipo kupambana kwake kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito ya fracturing fluid yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Zamadzimadzi zomwe zimaphwanyidwa zimaphatikizapo madzi opangidwa ndi madzi, mafuta opangira mafuta, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zokhala ndi mowa, zamadzimadzi zowonongeka, ndi madzi otsekemera a thovu.Pakati pawo, madzi opangidwa ndi fracturing fluid ali ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika komanso chitetezo chapamwamba, ndipo pakali pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Thickener ndiye chowonjezera chachikulu chamadzimadzi opangidwa ndi madzi, ndipo chitukuko chake chadutsa pafupifupi theka la zana, koma kupeza chowonjezera chamadzimadzi chomwe chimagwira bwino ntchito nthawi zonse kwakhala njira yofufuzira ya akatswiri kunyumba ndi kunja.Pali mitundu yambiri yamadzi opangira madzi a polima thickeners omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, omwe amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma polysaccharides achilengedwe ndi zotumphukira zake ndi ma polima opangira.Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo wochotsa mafuta komanso kuchuluka kwa zovuta zamigodi, anthu amaika patsogolo zofunikira zatsopano zamadzimadzi ophwanyidwa.Chifukwa amatha kusinthika ndi mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri kuposa ma polysaccharides achilengedwe, zopangira ma polymer thickeners zimathandizira kwambiri pakutentha kwambiri kwakuya kwachitsime.
Mankhwala a Tsiku ndi Tsiku ndi Chakudya
Pakadali pano, pali mitundu yopitilira 200 yamafuta okhuthala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga mankhwala tsiku lililonse, makamaka kuphatikiza mchere wa inorganic, ma surfactants, ma polima osungunuka m'madzi ndi mowa wamafuta / mafuta acid.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zotsukira, zodzoladzola, zotsukira mkamwa ndi zinthu zina.Kuphatikiza apo, thickeners amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azakudya.Iwo makamaka ntchito kusintha ndi bata thupi katundu kapena mitundu chakudya, kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe chakudya, kupereka chakudya chomata ndi kukoma kukoma, ndi mbali mu thickening, kukhazikika ndi homogenizing., emulsifying gel osakaniza, masking, zokometsera ndi zotsekemera.Zonenepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani azakudya zimaphatikizapo zokhuthala zachilengedwe zomwe zimachokera ku zinyama ndi zomera, komanso zopangira monga CMCNa ndi propylene glycol alginate.Komanso, thickeners akhalanso ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, papermaking, ziwiya zadothi, processing zikopa, electroplating, etc.
2.Inorganic thickener
Zonenepa zapachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo magulu awiri amafuta ochepa komanso olemera kwambiri a mamolekyulu, ndipo zokhuthala zotsika kwambiri zimakhala ndi madzi amchere amchere ndi ma surfactants.Mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pano makamaka umaphatikizapo sodium kolorayidi, potaziyamu kolorayidi, ammonium kolorayidi, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate ndi pentasodium triphosphate, yomwe sodium kolorayidi ndi ammonium kolorayidi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zokulitsa.Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti ma surfactants amapanga micelles mu njira yamadzimadzi, ndipo kukhalapo kwa electrolytes kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha ma micelles, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma micelles ozungulira asinthe kukhala ma micelles ooneka ngati ndodo, kuwonjezera kukana kwa kayendetsedwe kake, motero kumawonjezera kukhuthala kwa dongosolo. .Komabe, pamene electrolyte ndi mopitirira muyeso, izo zidzakhudza dongosolo micellar, kuchepetsa kukana kayendedwe, ndipo motero kuchepetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a dongosolo, amene amatchedwa zotsatira salting-out.
Inorganic mkulu maselo kulemera thickeners monga bentonite, attapulgite, zotayidwa silicate, sepiolite, hectorite, etc. Pakati pawo, bentonite ali kwambiri malonda mtengo.Waukulu thickening limagwirira wapangidwa ndi thixotropic gel osakaniza mchere kuti kutupa ndi kuyamwa madzi.Mcherewu nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mawonekedwe osanjikiza kapena mawonekedwe owonjezera a lattice.Akamwazikana m'madzi, ma ion achitsulo omwe ali mmenemo amasiyana ndi makhiristo a lamellar, amatupa ndi kupita patsogolo kwa hydration, ndipo pamapeto pake amalekanitsa kwathunthu ndi makristasi a lamellar kuti apange kuyimitsidwa kwa colloidal.madzi.Panthawiyi, pamwamba pa kristalo wa lamellar ali ndi vuto loipa, ndipo ngodya zake zimakhala ndi malipiro ochepa chifukwa cha maonekedwe a latice fracture.Mu njira yochepetsera, zolakwika zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zolipira zabwino pamakona, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono timathamangitsirana popanda kukhuthala.Komabe, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya electrolyte, chiwongoladzanja pamwamba pa lamellae chimachepa, ndipo kugwirizana pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timasintha kuchokera ku mphamvu yonyansa pakati pa lamellae kupita ku mphamvu yokongola pakati pa zolakwika zomwe zili pamwamba pa lamellae ndi zabwino. ndalama pa ngodya za m'mphepete.Cholumikizira cholumikizidwa palimodzi kuti chipange nyumba yamakhadi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutupa kutulutsa gel osakaniza kuti akwaniritse makulidwe.Panthawi imeneyi, gel osakaniza amasungunuka m'madzi kuti apange gel osakaniza kwambiri a thixotropic.Kuphatikiza apo, bentonite imatha kupanga zomangira za haidrojeni mu njira, zomwe zimapindulitsa pakupanga mawonekedwe amtundu wamitundu itatu.Njira ya inorganic gel osakaniza hydration thickening ndi makadi nyumba mapangidwe schematic chithunzi 1. Intercalation wa polymerized monomers kuti montmorillonite kuonjezera interlayer katayanitsidwe, ndiyeno mu-situ intercalation polymerization pakati pa zigawo akhoza kupanga polima/montmorillonite organic-Inorganic wosakanizidwa. thickener.Maunyolo a polima amatha kudutsa pamapepala a montmorillonite kuti apange network ya polima.Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Kazutoshi et al.adagwiritsa ntchito sodium-based montmorillonite ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira kuti ayambitse dongosolo la polima, ndikukonza hydrogel yolumikizana ndi kutentha kwa montmorillonite.Liu Hongyu et al.adagwiritsa ntchito sodium-based montmorillonite ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira kuti apange mtundu watsopano wa thickener wokhala ndi anti-electrolyte performance, ndikuyesa kukhuthala kwamphamvu ndi anti-NaCl ndi machitidwe ena a electrolyte a gulu la thickener.Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti Na-montmorillonite-crosslinked thickener ili ndi anti-electrolyte yabwino kwambiri.Komanso, pali organic ndi zina organic pawiri thickeners, monga kupanga thickener anakonza M.Chtourou ndi ena organic zotumphukira ammonium mchere ndi dongo Tunisia wa montmorillonite, amene ali wabwino thickening kwenikweni.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-11-2023