I-Thickener, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-gelling agent, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-paste okanye iglue yokutya xa isetyenziswa ekutyeni.Umsebenzi walo oyintloko kukwandisa i-viscosity yenkqubo yezinto eziphathekayo, ukugcina inkqubo yezinto eziphathekayo kwisimo esifanayo kunye nesizinzileyo sokumiswa okanye i-emulsified state, okanye yenza i-gel.I-Thickeners inokunyusa ngokukhawuleza i-viscosity yemveliso xa isetyenziswa.Uninzi lwendlela yokusebenza ye-thickeners kukusebenzisa ukwandiswa kolwakhiwo lwetsheyini ye-macromolecular ukuphumeza iinjongo zokujiya okanye ukwenza ii-micelles kunye namanzi ukwenza ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi emacala amathathu ukutyeba.Ineempawu zedosi encinci, ukuguga okukhawulezayo kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kukutya, iingubo, i-adhesives, izimonyo, i-detergents, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya, ukuhlola ioli, irabha, iyeza kunye nezinye iindawo.I-thickener yokuqala yayiyirabha yendalo enyibilikayo emanzini, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakulinganiselwe ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphezulu ngenxa yedosi yayo enkulu kunye nemveliso ephantsi.I-thickener yesizukulwana sesibini ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-emulsification thickener, ngakumbi emva kokuvela kwe-oyile-water emulsification thickener, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwezinye iindawo zoshishino.Nangona kunjalo, i-emulsifying thickeners kufuneka isebenzise isixa esikhulu se-kerosene, esingangcolisi kuphela indalo, kodwa ibeka iingozi zokhuseleko kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa.Ngokusekwe kwezi ngxaki, i-synthetic thickeners iye yaphuma, ngakumbi ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-synthetic thickeners eyenziwe yi-copolymerization yee-monomers ezinyibilikayo zamanzi ezifana ne-acrylic acid kunye nenani elifanelekileyo le-monomers yokudibanisa i-cross-link iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Iindidi ze-thickeners kunye ne-thickening mechanism
Zininzi iintlobo ze-thickeners, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe ziipolymers ezingaphiliyo kunye ne-organic, kwaye iipolymers eziphilayo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziipolima zendalo kunye neepolima zokwenziwa.
Uninzi lwendalo ye-polymer thickeners yi-polysaccharides, enembali ende yokusetyenziswa kunye neentlobo ezininzi, ingakumbi ezibandakanya i-cellulose ether, i-gum arabic, i-carob gum, i-guar gum, i-xanthan gum, i-chitosan, i-alginic acid yeSodium kunye nesitatshi kunye neemveliso zayo ze-denatured, njl. I-Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), i-ethyl cellulose (EC), i-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), i-hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC) kwiimveliso ze-cellulose ether ) kunye ne-methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC) zaziwa njenge-industrialmate monosodium , kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-oyile yokugaya, ukwakhiwa, iingubo, ukutya, amayeza kunye neekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla.Olu hlobo lwe-thickener lwenziwa ikakhulu nge-polymer cellulose yendalo ngokusebenzisa isenzo sekhemikhali.UZhu Ganghui ukholelwa ukuba i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) zezona mveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso ze-cellulose ether.Ngamaqela e-hydroxyl kunye ne-etherification yeyunithi ye-anhydroglucose kwikhonkco leselulosi.(Chloroacetic acid okanye ethylene oxide) reaction.I-Cellulos thickeners iqiniswa yi-hydration kunye nokwandiswa kwamatyathanga amade.Indlela yokutyebisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ikhonkco eliphambili leemolekyuli ze-cellulose lidibanisa neemolekyuli zamanzi ezijikelezayo ngokusebenzisa iibhondi ze-hydrogen, ezinyusa umthamo we-polymer ngokwayo, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa umthamo wepolymer ngokwayo.inkqubo viscosity.Isisombululo sayo samanzi singulwelo olungelulo olwaseNewtonian, kwaye i-viscosity yayo iyatshintsha ngesantya sokucheba kwaye ayinanto yakwenza nexesha.I-viscosity yesisombululo ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngokunyuka koxinzelelo, kwaye yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kunye ne-rheological additives.
I-Cationic guar gum yicopolymer yendalo ethathwe kwizityalo ezinemidumba, eneempawu ze-cationic surfactant kunye ne-polymer resin.Inkangeleko yayo ngumgubo omthubi okhanyayo, ongenavumba okanye unevumba elincinane.Iqulunqwe yi-80% ye-polysaccharide D2 mannose kunye ne-D2 galactose ene-2∀1 i-polymer ephezulu ye-molecular.Isisombululo sayo se-1% samanzi sine-viscosity ye-4000 ~ 5000mPas.I-Xanthan gum, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-xanthan gum, yi-anionic polymer polysaccharide polymer eveliswa ngokubiliswa kwesitatshi.Iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo okanye kumanzi ashushu, kodwa ayinyibiliki kwizinyibilikisi zendalo ngokubanzi.Uphawu lwe-xanthan gum kukuba inokugcina i-viscosity efanayo kwiqondo lokushisa kwe-0 ~ 100, kwaye isenayo i-viscosity ephezulu kwi-concentration ephantsi, kwaye inozinzo oluhle lwe-thermal.), isenayo i-solubility egqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza, kwaye inokuhambelana neetyuwa eziphezulu zokuxilisa kwisisombululo, kwaye inokuvelisa umphumo obalulekileyo we-synergistic xa isetyenziswe kunye ne-polyacrylic acid thickeners.I-Chitin yimveliso yendalo, i-glucosamine polymer, kunye ne-cationic thickener.
Isodium alginate (C6H7O8Na)n ubukhulu becala yenziwe yisodium ityuwa yealginic acid, eyenziwe yi-al mannuronic acid (M unit) kunye ne-bD guluronic acid (G unit) edityaniswe nge-1,4 glycosidic bond kwaye yenziwe ngamaqhekeza ahlukeneyo eGGGMMM iipolymers.Isodium alginate sesona sityebi sisetyenziswa kakhulu kushicilelo lwedayi esebenzayo.Iingubo eziprintiweyo zineepateni eziqaqambileyo, imigca ecacileyo, isivuno esiphezulu sombala, isivuno sombala ofanayo, ukugqithiswa kakuhle kunye neplastiki.Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekushicileleni umqhaphu, uboya, isilika, inayiloni kunye namanye amalaphu.
isityebi sepolymer eyenziweyo
1. Chemical cross-linking synthetic polymer thickener
Ii-Synthetic thickeners okwangoku zezona zithengiswa kakhulu kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kwimarike.Uninzi lwezi zingqimba zi-microchemical cross-linked polymers, ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini, kwaye zinokufunxa kuphela amanzi ukudumba ukujiya.I-Polyacrylic acid thickener sisityebi esisetyenziswa kakhulu sokwenziwa, kwaye iindlela zayo zokudibanisa ziquka i-emulsion polymerization, i-emulsion polymerization echaseneyo kunye ne-precipitation polymerization.Olu hlobo lwe-thickener luphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yesiphumo salo sokuqina ngokukhawuleza, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nedosi encinci.Okwangoku, olu hlobo lwe-thickener luyipolymerized ngama-monomers amathathu nangaphezulu, kwaye i-monomer ephambili ngokuqhelekileyo i-monomer e-soluble yamanzi, njenge-acrylic acid, i-acid maleic okanye i-anhydride maleic, i-methacrylic acid, i-acrylamide kunye ne-2 acrylamide.I-2-methyl propane sulfonate, njl.;imonoma yesibini ngokubanzi i-acrylate okanye i-styrene;i-monomer yesithathu i-monomer ene-cross-linking effect, njenge-N, N methylenebisacrylamide, i-butylene diacrylate ester okanye i-dipropylene phthalate, njl.
Indlela yokujiya yepolyacrylic acid thickening ineentlobo ezimbini: neutralization thickening kunye nehydrogen bonding thickening.I-neutralization kunye nokutyeba kukunciphisa i-acidic polyacrylic acid thickener kunye nealkali ukuze ionize iimolekyuli zayo kwaye ivelise iintlawulo ezingalunganga ecaleni kwekhonkco eliphambili lepolymer, kuxhomekeke ekuchaseni phakathi kweentlawulo zesini esifanayo ukukhuthaza ukunwebeka kwemolekyuli Vula ukwenza inethiwekhi. ulwakhiwo lokuphumeza isiphumo sokutyeba.I-Hydrogen bonding thickening kukuba iimolekyuli ze-polyacrylic acid zidibanisa namanzi ukwenza iimolekyuli ze-hydration, kwaye zidibanise nabanikezeli be-hydroxyl njenge-non-ionic surfactants kunye namaqela ama-5 okanye ngaphezulu ethoxy.Ngokusebenzisa isini esinye se-electrostatic repulsion ye-carboxylate ion, ikhonkco lemolekyuli liyenziwa.Ukwandiswa kwe-helical kuba yintonga, ukwenzela ukuba amakhonkco e-molecular curled akhululwe kwinkqubo yamanzi ukuze enze isakhiwo sothungelwano ukufezekisa umphumo wokuqina.Ixabiso elahlukileyo le-pH ye-polymerization, i-agent engathathi hlangothi kunye nobunzima be-molecular inempembelelo enkulu kwisiphumo sokuqina kwenkqubo yokuqina.Ukongeza, i-electrolyte ye-inorganic inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kolu hlobo lwe-thickener, ii-ion ze-monovalent zinokunciphisa kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, i-divalent okanye i-ion ye-trivalent ayinakubhitya kuphela inkqubo, kodwa ikwavelisa imvula enganyibilikiyo.Ke ngoko, ukuxhathisa kwe-electrolyte ye-polycarboxylate thickeners kubi kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukufaka isicelo kwiindawo ezinjengokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile.
Kumashishini apho i-thickeners isetyenziswa kakhulu, njengempahla, ukuhlola i-petroleum kunye nezinto zokuthambisa, iimfuno zokusebenza kwezinto ezityebileyo ezifana nokumelana ne-electrolyte kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuqina ziphezulu kakhulu.I-thickener elungiselelwe nge-polymerization yesisombululo ihlala inobunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli, eyenza ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqina kusezantsi kwaye akunakuhlangabezana neemfuno zeenkqubo ezithile zeshishini.I-high molecular weight thickeners inokufumaneka nge-emulsion polymerization, i-emulsion polymerization e-inverse kunye nezinye iindlela ze-polymerization.Ngenxa yokunganyangeki kakuhle kwe-electrolyte yetyuwa yesodium yeqela le-carboxyl, ukongeza i-non-ionic okanye i-cationic monomers kunye ne-monomers ezinokumelana ne-electrolyte eqinile (njenge-monomers equkethe amaqela e-sulfonic acid) kwicandelo le-polymer inokuphucula kakhulu i-viscosity ye-thickener.Ukunganyangeki kwe-Electrolyte kwenza ukuba ihlangabezane neemfuno kwiindawo zoshishino ezifana nokubuyiswa kwe-oyile ephakamileyo.Ukusukela oko i-emulsion polymerization echaseneyo yaqala ngo-1962, i-polymerization yobunzima bemolekyuli ephezulu ye-polyacrylic acid kunye ne-polyacrylamide ilawulwa yi-emulsion polymerization.Yaqanjwa indlela emulsion copolymerization of nitrogen-eziqulathe kunye polyoxyethylene okanye copolymerization yayo alternating nge polyoxypropylene polymerized surfactant, arhente cross-linking kunye acrylic acid monomer ukulungiselela polyacrylic acid emulsion njenge thickener, kwaye iphunyeziwe Goodening isiphumo anti-electrote elungileyo, kwaye inesiphumo esihle antielectrote. ukusebenza.UArianna Benetti et al.wasebenzisa indlela eguqukileyo emulsion polymerization ukuba copolymerize acrylic acid, monomers equlathe amaqela sulfonic acid kunye monomers cationic ukuba baqambe thickener for izithambiso.Ngenxa yokwaziswa kwamaqela e-sulfonic acid kunye neetyuwa ze-quaternary ammonium kunye nesakhono esinamandla sokuchasa i-electrolyte kwisakhiwo esityebileyo, i-polymer elungisiweyo ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokuqina kunye ne-anti-electrolyte.Martial Pabon et al.kusetyenziswa inverse emulsion polymerization ukuba copolymerize sodium acrylate, acrylamide kunye isooctylphenol polyoxyethylene methacrylate macromonomers ukulungiselela umbutho hydrophobic amanzi-enyibilikayo thickener.UCharles A. etc. wasebenzisa i-acrylic acid kunye ne-acrylamide njenge-comonomers ukufumana i-high molecular weight thickener nge-inverse emulsion polymerization.UZhao Junzi kunye nabanye basebenzisa isisombululo se-polymerization kunye ne-emulsion e-inverse polymerization ukudibanisa i-hydrophobic association polyacrylate thickeners, kwaye uthelekise inkqubo ye-polymerization kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa nesisombululo se-polymerization kunye ne-emulsion e-inverse polymerization ye-acrylic acid kunye ne-stearyl acrylate, i-hydrophobic association monomer eyenziwe kwi-acrylic acid kunye ne-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether inokuphuculwa ngokufanelekileyo nge-emulsion polymerization kunye ne-acrylic acid copolymerization.Ukumelana ne-Electrolyte ye-thickeners.U-He Ping waxoxa ngemiba emininzi enxulumene nokulungiswa kwe-polyacrylic acid thickener nge-emulsion polymerization echaseneyo.Kweli phepha, i-copolymer ye-amphoteric yayisetyenziswe njenge-stabilizer kwaye i-methylenebisacrylamide isetyenziswe njenge-agent edibeneyo ukuqalisa i-ammonium acrylate ye-emulsion polymerization echaseneyo ukulungiselela i-high-performance thickener yokushicilela i-pigment.Iziphumo zezinzisi ezahlukeneyo, abaqalisi, ii-comonomers kunye neearhente zokudluliselwa kwekhonkco kwi-polymerization zaphononongwa.Kucaciswe ukuba i-copolymer ye-lauryl methacrylate kunye ne-acrylic acid ingasetyenziswa njenge-stabilizer, kunye ne-redox initiators ezimbini, i-benzoyldimethylaniline peroxide kunye ne-sodium tert-butyl hydroperoxide metabisulfite, zinokuqalisa zombini i-polymerization kwaye zifumane i-viscosity ethile.ipulp emhlophe.Kwaye kukholelwa ukuba ukuxhathisa ityuwa yeammonium acrylate copolymerized ngaphantsi kwe 15% acrylamide ukwanda.
2. Hydrophobic association synthetic polymer thickener
Nangona iikhemikhali cross-linked polyacrylic acid thickeners ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, nangona ukongezwa monomers eziqulathe amaqela sulfonic acid kukwakheka thickener kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo anti-electrolyte, kusekho ezininzi thickeners olu hlobo.Iziphene, ezifana ne-thixotropy embi ye-thickening system, njl.njl. Indlela ephuculweyo kukwazisa inani elincinci lamaqela e-hydrophobic kwikhonkco eliphambili le-hydrophilic ukwenza i-hydrophobic associative thickeners.I-Hydrophobic associative thickeners zi-thickeners ezisanda kuphuhliswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Kukho iinxalenye ze-hydrophilic kunye namaqela e-lipophilic kwisakhiwo se-molecular, ebonisa umsebenzi othile wendawo.I-Associative thickeners inokuxhathisa ityuwa engcono kune-non-associative thickeners.Oku kungenxa yokuba umanyano lwamaqela e-hydrophobic ngokuyinxenye luchasene notyekelo lokugoba olubangelwa sisiphumo se-ion-shielding, okanye umqobo obambekayo obangelwa litsheyini elisecaleni elide ngokuyinxenye wenza buthathaka i-ion-shielding effect.Impembelelo yombutho inceda ekuphuculeni i-rheology ye-thickener, edlala indima enkulu kwinkqubo yesicelo yangempela.Ukongeza kwi-hydrophobic associative thickeners kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezichazwe kwiincwadi, i-Tian Dating et al.iphinde yaxela ukuba i-hexadecyl methacrylate, i-hydrophobic monoma equlethe amatyathanga amade, yenziwe i-copolymerized nge-acrylic acid ukulungiselela i-asociative thickeners eyenziwe nge-copolymers yokubini.I-Synthetic thickener.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba inani elithile le-cross-linking monomers kunye ne-hydrophobic long-chain monomers inokunyusa kakhulu i-viscosity.Impembelelo ye-hexadecyl methacrylate (HM) kwi-monomer ye-hydrophobic inkulu kune-lauryl methacrylate (LM).Ukusebenza kwe-associative crosslinked thickeners equkethe i-hydrophobic long-chain monomers ingcono kune-non-associative crosslinked thickeners.Ngesi siseko, iqela lophando liphinde lenze i-thickener associative ene-acrylic acid/acrylamide/hexadecyl methacrylate terpolymer nge-inverse emulsion polymerization.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba zombini i-hydrophobic association ye-cetyl methacrylate kunye ne-non-ionic ye-propionamide inokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-thickener.
I-Hydrophobic association polyurethane thickener (HEUR) nayo iphuhliswe kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Izibonelelo zayo akulula ukwenza i-hydrolyze, i-viscosity ezinzileyo kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokwakhiwa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezifana nexabiso le-pH kunye nobushushu.Indlela yokutyebisa ye-polyurethane thickeners ibangelwa ubukhulu becala kwisakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo se-polymer ezintathu-block ngendlela ye-lipophilic-hydrophilic-lipophilic, ukwenzela ukuba iziphelo zekhonkco zingamaqela e-lipophilic (ngokuqhelekileyo amaqela e-aliphatic hydrocarbon), kwaye umbindi yi-Water-soluble hydrophilic. icandelo (ngokuqhelekileyo ubunzima bemolekyuli ephezulu ye-polyethylene glycol).Isiphumo sobungakanani beqela lokuphela kwe-hydrophobic kwisiphumo sokuqina kwe-HEUR yafundwa.Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya, i-polyethylene glycol ene-molecular weight ye-4000 yayifakwe i-octanol, i-dodecyl alcohol kunye ne-octadecyl alcohol, kwaye ithelekiswa neqela ngalinye le-hydrophobic.Ubungakanani beMicelle eyenziwe ngu-HEUR kwisisombululo esimanzi.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba amakhonkco amafutshane e-hydrophobic ayenganelanga ukuba i-HEUR yenze i-hydrophobic micelles kwaye umphumo wokuqina awulungile.Kwangaxeshanye, xa kuthelekiswa notywala be-stearyl kunye ne-lauryl alcohol-terminated polyethylene glycol, ubungakanani bemicelles yangaphambili bukhulu kakhulu kunobu bamva, kwaye kuqukunjelwa ukuba icandelo elide le-hydrophobic chain linesiphumo esingcono sokuqina.
Iindawo zesicelo eziphambili
UkuShicilela kunye nokuDaya i-textile
Isiphumo esihle sokushicilela kunye nomgangatho we-textile kunye ne-pigment printing ixhomekeke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-paste yokushicilela, kwaye ukongezwa kwe-thickener kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwayo.Ukongeza i-thickener inokwenza imveliso eprintiweyo ibe nesivuno esiphezulu sombala, ulwandlalo olucacileyo lokushicilela, umbala oqaqambileyo kunye nombala opheleleyo, kunye nokuphucula ukugqithiswa kunye ne-thixotropy yemveliso.Ngaphambili, isitashi sendalo okanye i-alginate ye-sodium yayisetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-thickener yokuprinta iipastes.Ngenxa yobunzima bokwenza intlama kwi-starch yendalo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-alginate ye-sodium, ngokuthe ngcembe ithatyathelwa indawo yi-acrylic yoshicilelo kunye ne-dyeing thickeners.I-Anionic polyacrylic acid ineempembelelo ezityebileyo kwaye ngoku sesona sityebi sisetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa olu hlobo lwe-thickener luseneziphene, ezinjengokumelana ne-electrolyte, ukuncamathisela kombala thixotropy, kunye nesivuno sombala ngexesha loshicilelo.Umyinge awufanelekanga.Indlela ephuculweyo kukwazisa inani elincinci lamaqela e-hydrophobic kwikhonkco eliphambili le-hydrophilic ukudibanisa i-associative thickeners.Okwangoku, ii-thickeners zoshicilelo kwimarike yasekhaya zinokwahlulwa zibe zi-thickeners zendalo, i-emulsification thickeners kunye ne-synthetic thickeners ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zekrwada kunye neendlela zokulungiselela.Uninzi, ngenxa yokuba umxholo wayo oqinileyo unokuba phezulu kune-50%, umphumo wokuqina ulungile kakhulu.
ipeyinti esekelwe emanzini
Ukongeza ngokufanelekileyo i-thickeners kwipeyinti kunokutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu ze-fluid zenkqubo yepeyinti kwaye yenze i-thixotropic, ngaloo ndlela inike ipeyinti ngokuzinza okulungileyo kunye nokusebenza.I-thickener enentsebenzo egqwesileyo inokunyusa i-viscosity yokugqoka ngexesha lokugcinwa, inqanda ukuhlukana kwengubo, kunye nokunciphisa i-viscosity ngexesha lokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu, ukwandisa i-viscosity yefilimu yokugubungela emva kokugquma, kunye nokuthintela ukuvela kwe-sagging.Izithambiso zepeyinti zemveli zihlala zisebenzisa iipolima ezinyibilikayo emanzini, ezifana ne-high-molecular hydroxyethyl cellulose.Ukongeza, i-polymeric thickeners ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukugcinwa komswakama ngexesha lenkqubo yokugquma kweemveliso zephepha.Ubukho bezinto ezityebileyo bunokwenza umphezulu wephepha eligqunyiweyo ube bushelelezi kwaye ufane.Ngokukodwa i-emulsion swellable (HASE) i-thickener ine-anti-splash performance kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ngokudibanisa nezinye iintlobo ze-thickeners ukunciphisa kakhulu uburhabaxa bephepha eligqunyiweyo.Ngokomzekelo, ipeyinti ye-latex ihlala idibana nengxaki yokuhlukana kwamanzi ngexesha lokuvelisa, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa kunye nokwakhiwa.Nangona ukuhlukana kwamanzi kunokulibaziseka ngokunyusa i-viscosity kunye ne-dispersibility yepeyinti ye-latex, uhlengahlengiso olunjalo luhlala lulinganiselwe, kwaye lubaluleke ngakumbi Okanye ngokukhethwa kwe-thickener kunye nokudibanisa kwayo ukusombulula le ngxaki.
ukutsalwa kweoli
Kwi-oyile yokutsalwa, ukuze kufumaneke isivuno esikhulu, ukuhanjiswa kolwelo oluthile (njengamandla ombane, njl.njl.) kusetyenziselwa ukuqhekeza i-fluid layer.Ulwelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-fracturing fluid okanye i-fracturing fluid.Injongo yokuqhekeka kukwenza iifractures ezinobungakanani obuthile kunye ne-conductivity ekubunjweni, kwaye impumelelo yayo ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokusebenza kwe-fracturing fluid esetyenziswayo.Ulwelo lwefracturing lubandakanya ulwelo olusekwe kumanzi, i-oyile-based fracturing fluids, i-alcohol-based fracturing fluids, i-emulsified fracturing fluids, kunye ne-foam fracturing fluids.Phakathi kwabo, i-fracturing fluid esekelwe emanzini ineenzuzo zexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu, kwaye okwangoku isetyenziswa kakhulu.I-Thickener yeyona nto yongezwayo kulwelo olusekwe emanzini, kwaye uphuhliso lwayo luye lwadlula phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane, kodwa ukufumana i-fracturing fluid thickener kunye nokusebenza okungcono bekusoloko kululwalathiso lophando lwabaphengululi ekhaya naphesheya.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-fracturing fluid polymer thickeners ezisetyenziswayo ngoku, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iipolysaccharides zendalo kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo kunye neepolima zokwenziwa.Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yokutsalwa kweoyile kunye nokwanda kobunzima bemigodi, abantu babeka phambili iimfuno ezintsha neziphezulu zolwelo lwefracturing.Ngenxa yokuba ziqhelana ngakumbi nemekobume yokwakheka entsonkothileyo kuneepolysaccharides zendalo, i-synthetic polymer thickeners ziya kudlala indima enkulu kubushushu obuphezulu bokuqhekeka komthombo.
Imichiza yemihla ngemihla kunye nokutya
Okwangoku, kukho ngaphezu kwe-200 iintlobo ze-thickeners ezisetyenziswa kushishino lwemichiza yemihla ngemihla, ngakumbi kubandakanya iityuwa ezingaphiliyo, ii-surfactants, iipolima ezinyibilikayo emanzini kunye ne-alcohols / fatty acids.Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zokucoca, izithambiso, intlama yamazinyo kunye nezinye iimveliso.Ukongeza, ii-thickeners zikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lokutya.Ikakhulu zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula kunye nokuzinzisa iipropathi zomzimba okanye iintlobo zokutya, ukwandisa i-viscosity yokutya, ukunika ukutya incasa encangathi kwaye emnandi, kwaye idlala indima ekutyebeni, ukuzinzisa kunye ne-homogenizing., ijel emulsifying, i-mask, i-flavoring kunye ne-sweeten.I-Thickeners esetyenziswa kushishino lokutya iquka i-thickeners yendalo efunyenwe kwizilwanyana kunye nezityalo, kunye ne-synthetic thickeners ezifana ne-CMCNa kunye ne-propylene glycol alginate.Ukongeza, ii-thickeners ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumayeza, ukwenza iphepha, iiseramics, ukusetyenzwa kwesikhumba, i-electroplating, njl.
2.Inorganic thickener
Iinorganic thickeners ziquka iiklasi ezimbini zobunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli, kunye nezityebi ezinobunzima bemolekyuli ubukhulu becala zizisombululo ezinamanzi zeetyuwa ezingaphiliyo kunye nee-surfactants.Iityuwa ze-inorganic ezisetyenziswa ngoku ikakhulu ziquka i-sodium chloride, i-potassium chloride, i-ammonium chloride, i-sodium sulfate, i-sodium phosphate kunye ne-pentasodium triphosphate, phakathi kwayo i-sodium chloride kunye ne-ammonium chloride zineziphumo ezingcono zokujiya.Umgaqo osisiseko kukuba ii-surfactants zenza i-micelles kwisisombululo esinamanzi, kwaye ubukho be-electrolytes kwandisa inani lemibutho ye-micelles, okukhokelela ekuguqulweni kwee-micelles ezingqukuva zibe yi-micelles emise okwentonga, ukwandisa ukuxhathisa intshukumo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwandisa i-viscosity yenkqubo. .Nangona kunjalo, xa i-electrolyte igqithise, iya kuchaphazela isakhiwo se-micellar, ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwentshukumo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela inciphisa i-viscosity yenkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-salting-out effect.
I-Inorganic high molecular weight thickeners ibandakanya i-bentonite, i-attapulgite, i-aluminium silicate, i-sepiolite, i-hectorite, njl.Indlela ephambili yokuqina iqulethwe ngamaminerali e-thixotropic gel adumba ngokufunxa amanzi.Ezi zimbiwa ngokubanzi zinesakhiwo esineleya okanye i-lattice eyandisiweyo.Xa ihlakazekile emanzini, ii-ion zetsimbi ezikuyo zisasazeka kwiikristali ze-lamellar, zihlutha ngenkqubela phambili ye-hydration, kwaye ekugqibeleni zihluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-lamellar crystals ukwenza i-colloidal suspension.ulwelo.Ngeli xesha, ubuso be-crystal ye-lamellar inentlawulo embi, kwaye iikona zayo zinexabiso elincinci lentlawulo efanelekileyo ngenxa yokubonakala kweendawo zokuphuka kwe-lattice.Kwisisombululo se-dilute, iintlawulo ezingalunganga kumphezulu zikhulu kunezityholo ezintle kwiikona, kwaye iinqununu zigxotha omnye nomnye ngaphandle kokuqina.Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kwe-electrolyte concentration, intlawulo ebusweni be-lamellae iyancipha, kwaye intsebenziswano phakathi kweengqungquthela zitshintsha ukusuka kumandla okuhlambalaza phakathi kwe-lamellae ukuya kumandla anomtsalane phakathi kweentlawulo ezimbi kumphezulu we-lamellae kunye ne-positive. Iindleko kwiikona zomphetho.Idityaniswe ngokuthe nkqo idityaniswe kunye ukwenza indlu yesakhiwo samakhadi, okubangela ukudumba ukuvelisa ijeli ukufezekisa umphumo wokuqina.Ngeli xesha, ijeli ye-inorganic inyibilika emanzini ukwenza ijeli ye-thixotropic kakhulu.Ukongezelela, i-bentonite inokwenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen kwisisombululo, esiluncedo ekubunjweni kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi emithathu.Inkqubo ye-inorganic gel hydration thickening kunye nokwakhiwa kwendlu yekhadi iboniswe kwi-schematic diagram 1. Ukudibanisa i-polymerized monomers ukuya kwi-montmorillonite ukunyusa isithuba se-interlayer, kwaye emva koko kwi-situ intercalation polymerization phakathi kwemigangatho inokuvelisa i-polymer / montmorillonite organic-Inorganic hybrid. ujiyaAmakhonkco ePolymer angadlula kumaphepha e-montmorillonite ukwenza inethiwekhi yepolymer.Ngethuba lokuqala, uKazutoshi et al.wasebenzisa i-sodium-based montmorillonite njenge-arhente yokudibanisa ukwazisa inkqubo ye-polymer, kwaye yalungisa i-hydrogel ye-montmorillonite edibeneyo yokushisa-enobuthathaka.ULiu Hongyu et al.isebenzise i-sodium-based montmorillonite njenge-agent edibanisa ukudibanisa ukudibanisa uhlobo olutsha lwe-thickener kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-anti-electrolyte, kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kokuqina kunye ne-anti-NaCl kunye nokunye ukusebenza kwe-electrolyte ye-thickener composite.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-Na-montmorillonite-crosslinked thickener ineepropathi ezigqwesileyo ezichasene ne-electrolyte.Ukongeza, kukho kwakhona inorganic kunye nezinye organic compound thickeners, ezifana thickeners zokwenziwa ezilungiselelwe M.Chtourou kunye nezinye derivatives eziphilayo ammonium iityuwa kunye nodongwe Tunisia eyeyase montmorillonite, nto leyo enefuthe elungileyo ukujiya.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-11-2023