Thickener, wanda kuma aka sani da wakilin gelling, ana kuma kiransa manna ko manne abinci lokacin amfani da shi a abinci.Babban aikinsa shine ƙara danko na tsarin kayan aiki, kiyaye tsarin kayan a cikin daidaitaccen yanayin dakatarwa da kwanciyar hankali ko yanayin emulsified, ko samar da gel.Masu kauri na iya ƙara ɗanƙon samfurin da sauri lokacin amfani da su.Yawancin tsarin aikin masu kauri shine amfani da tsawaita tsarin sarkar macromolecular don cimma dalilai masu kauri ko samar da miceles da ruwa don samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai girma uku don yin kauri.Yana da halaye na ƙarancin sashi, saurin tsufa da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a abinci, sutura, adhesives, kayan kwalliya, kayan wanka, bugu da rini, binciken mai, roba, magani da sauran fannoni.Na farko mai kauri shine roba na halitta mai narkewa da ruwa, amma aikace-aikacen sa ya iyakance saboda tsadarsa saboda yawan adadinsa da ƙarancin fitarwa.Ana kuma kiran wannan kauri na ƙarni na biyu emulsification thickener, musamman bayan bullowar kauri daga ruwan mai, an yi amfani da shi sosai a wasu fannonin masana'antu.Duk da haka, emulsifying thickeners bukatar yin amfani da babban adadin kananzir, wanda ba kawai gurbata muhalli, amma kuma haifar da aminci hatsarori a samarwa da kuma aikace-aikace.Dangane da waɗannan matsalolin, masu kauri na roba sun fito, musamman shirye-shirye da aikace-aikacen daɗaɗɗen roba waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar copolymerization na monomers masu narkewa kamar su acrylic acid da adadin da ya dace na monomers masu haɗawa da sauri.
Nau'in thickeners da thickening inji
Akwai nau'ikan masu kauri da yawa, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa inorganic polymers, kuma ana iya raba polymers zuwa polymers na halitta da polymers na roba.
Mafi yawa daga cikin na halitta polymer thickeners ne polysaccharides, wanda ke da dogon tarihin amfani da kuma da yawa iri, yafi ciki har da cellulose ether, gum arabic, carob gum, guar danko, xanthan danko, chitosan, alginic acid Sodium da sitaci da denatured kayayyakin, da dai sauransu Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), ethyl cellulose (EC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC) a cikin cellulose ether kayayyakin ) da kuma methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC) an san su da masana'antu monosodium glutamate. , kuma an yi amfani da su sosai wajen hako mai, gini, sutura, abinci, magunguna da sinadarai na yau da kullun.Irin wannan kauri an fi yin shi da polymer cellulose na halitta ta hanyar aikin sinadarai.Zhu Ganghui ya yi imanin cewa sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) da hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) su ne mafi yadu amfani da kayayyakin a cellulose ether kayayyakin.Su ne ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl da etherification na rukunin anhydroglucose akan sarkar cellulose.(Chloroacetic acid ko ethylene oxide) dauki.Masu kauri na Cellulosic suna kauri ta hanyar hydration da faɗaɗa dogon sarƙoƙi.Tsarin kauri shine kamar haka: babban sarkar kwayoyin cellulose suna da alaƙa da kwayoyin ruwa da ke kewaye ta hanyar haɗin hydrogen, wanda ke ƙara yawan ruwa na polymer ɗin kansa, ta haka ne ya ƙara ƙarar polymer kanta.tsarin danko.Maganin ruwansa ruwa ne wanda ba Newtonian ba, kuma dankon sa yana canzawa tare da juzu'i kuma ba shi da alaƙa da lokaci.Dankowar maganin yana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da haɓaka haɓakawa, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su da yawa da ƙari na rheological.
Cationic guar danko ne na halitta copolymer da aka fitar daga leguminous shuke-shuke, wanda yana da kaddarorin cationic surfactant da polymer resin.Siffar sa foda ce mai haske rawaya, mara wari ko ɗan ƙamshi.Ya ƙunshi 80% polysaccharide D2 mannose da D2 galactose tare da 2∀1 babban abun da ke ciki na polymer kwayoyin.Maganin ruwa na 1% yana da danko na 4000 ~ 5000mPas.Xanthan danko, kuma aka sani da xanthan danko, shi ne anionic polymer polysaccharide polymer wanda aka samar ta hanyar fermentation na sitaci.Yana da narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi ko ruwan zafi, amma ba zai iya narkewa a cikin kaushi na kwayoyin halitta gaba ɗaya.Halin xanthan danko shi ne cewa zai iya kula da danko iri ɗaya a zafin jiki na 0 ~ 100, kuma har yanzu yana da babban danko a ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali na thermal.), Har yanzu yana da kyakkyawar solubility da kwanciyar hankali, kuma zai iya dacewa da gishiri mai girma a cikin bayani, kuma zai iya haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci lokacin amfani da polyacrylic acid thickeners.Chitin samfuri ne na halitta, polymer glucosamine, da kauri na cationic.
Sodium alginate (C6H7O8Na) n galibi ya ƙunshi gishirin sodium na alginic acid, wanda ya ƙunshi aL mannuronic acid (M unit) da bD guluronic acid (G unit) wanda aka haɗa ta 1,4 glycosidic bonds kuma ya ƙunshi guntun GGGMMM daban-daban na copolymers.Sodium alginate shine mafi yawan amfani da kauri don buga rini mai amsawa.Tufafin da aka buga suna da alamu masu haske, bayyanannun layi, yawan amfanin ƙasa mai launi, yawan amfanin ƙasa iri ɗaya, kyawawa mai kyau da filastik.An yi amfani da shi sosai wajen buga auduga, ulu, siliki, nailan da sauran yadudduka.
roba polymer thickener
1. Chemical giciye-haɗi roba polymer thickener
Abubuwan kauri na roba a halin yanzu sune samfuran da aka fi siyarwa kuma mafi fa'ida a kasuwa.Yawancin waɗannan masu kauri su ne microchemical polymers masu haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda ba za su iya narkewa a cikin ruwa ba, kuma suna iya ɗaukar ruwa kawai don kumbura don yin kauri.Polyacrylic acid thickener ne mai yadu amfani roba thickener, da kuma kira hanyoyin hada emulsion polymerization, m emulsion polymerization da hazo polymerization.Irin wannan kauri an ƙera shi cikin sauri saboda saurin kauri, ƙarancin farashi da ƙarancin sashi.A halin yanzu, irin wannan nau'in thickener ana yin shi ta hanyar monomers uku ko fiye, kuma babban monomer gaba ɗaya shine monomer mai narkewa mai ruwa, kamar acrylic acid, maleic acid ko maleic anhydride, methacrylic acid, acrylamide da 2 acrylamide.2-methyl propane sulfonate, da dai sauransu;monomer na biyu gabaɗaya shine acrylate ko styrene;monomer na uku shine monomer tare da tasirin haɗin kai, kamar N, N methylenebisacrylamide, butylene diacrylate ester ko dipropylene phthalate, da sauransu.
The thickening inji na polyacrylic acid thickener yana da nau'i biyu: neutralization thickening da hydrogen bonding thickener.Neutralization da thickening shi ne don neutralize da acidic polyacrylic acid thickener tare da alkali to ionize ta kwayoyin halitta da kuma haifar da korau cajin tare da babban sarkar na polymer, dogara a kan tsani tsakanin guda-jima'i zargin don inganta kwayoyin mikewa sarkar Bude don samar da hanyar sadarwa tsarin cimma thickening sakamako.Hydrogen bonding thickening shine cewa kwayoyin polyacrylic acid suna haɗuwa da ruwa don samar da kwayoyin hydration, sa'an nan kuma haɗuwa da masu ba da gudummawar hydroxyl irin su surfactants marasa ionic tare da 5 ko fiye da kungiyoyin ethoxy.Ta hanyar juzu'i na electrostatic na jima'i na ions carboxylate, ana samun sarkar kwayoyin halitta.Tsawancin helical ya zama kamar sanda, ta yadda za a kwance sarƙoƙin kwayoyin da aka murɗa a cikin tsarin ruwa don samar da tsarin hanyar sadarwa don cimma sakamako mai kauri.Daban-daban polymerization darajar pH, neutralizing wakili da kwayoyin nauyi suna da babban tasiri a kan thickening sakamako na thickening tsarin.Bugu da kari, inorganic electrolytes iya muhimmanci rinjayar thickening yadda ya dace da irin wannan thickener, monovalent ions iya kawai rage thickening yadda ya dace da tsarin, divalent ko trivalent ions iya ba kawai bakin ciki tsarin, amma kuma samar da insoluble hazo.Saboda haka, juriya na electrolyte na polycarboxylate thickeners ba shi da kyau sosai, wanda ya sa ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da su a cikin filayen kamar yadda ake amfani da man fetur ba.
A cikin masana'antun da aka fi amfani da masu kauri, kamar su yadi, binciken man fetur da kayan kwalliya, abubuwan da ake bukata na kayan aikin kauri kamar juriya na electrolyte da ingancin kauri suna da yawa sosai.Mai kauri wanda aka shirya ta hanyar polymerization yawanci yana da ƙarancin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke sa ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfi kuma ba zai iya biyan buƙatun wasu hanyoyin masana'antu ba.Za'a iya samun ma'aunin nauyi mai girma ta hanyar emulsion polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization da sauran hanyoyin polymerization.Saboda rashin juriya na electrolyte na sodium gishiri na kungiyar carboxyl, ƙara wadanda ba ionic ko cationic monomers da monomers tare da karfi electrolyte juriya (kamar monomers dauke da sulfonic acid kungiyoyin) ga polymer bangaren iya ƙwarai inganta danko na thickener.Juriya na lantarki ya sa ya cika buƙatun a fannonin masana'antu kamar dawo da mai na manyan makarantu.Tun da inverse emulsion polymerization fara a 1962, da polymerization na high kwayoyin nauyi polyacrylic acid da polyacrylamide aka rinjaye ta m emulsion polymerization.Ƙirƙirar hanyar emulsion copolymerization na nitrogen-dauke da polyoxyethylene ko ta alternating copolymerization da polyoxypropylene polymerized surfactant, giciye-linking wakili da kuma acrylic acid monomer shirya polyacrylic acid emulsion a matsayin thickener, da kuma cimma Good thickening sakamako, kuma yana da kyau anti-electrolyte. yi.Arianna Benetti et al.yayi amfani da hanyar inverse emulsion polymerization zuwa copolymerize acrylic acid, monomers dauke da kungiyoyin sulfonic acid da cationic monomers don ƙirƙira wani thickener ga kayan shafawa.Saboda gabatarwar kungiyoyin sulfonic acid da quaternary ammonium salts tare da karfi anti-electrolyte ikon a cikin thickener tsarin, da shirye polymer yana da kyau kwarai thickening da anti-electrolyte Properties.Martial Pabon et al.amfani da inverse emulsion polymerization zuwa copolymerize sodium acrylate, acrylamide da isooctylphenol polyoxyethylene methacrylate macromonomers shirya wani hydrophobic kungiyar ruwa mai narkewa thickener.Charles A. da dai sauransu sun yi amfani da acrylic acid da acrylamide a matsayin masu haɗin gwiwa don samun kauri mai nauyi ta ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar juzu'in emulsion polymerization.Zhao Junzi da sauransu sun yi amfani da polymerization bayani da inverse emulsion polymerization don haɗa haɗin gwiwar hydrophobic polyacrylate thickeners, kuma idan aka kwatanta da polymerization tsari da samfurin yi.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa, idan aka kwatanta da maganin polymerization da inverse emulsion polymerization na acrylic acid da stearyl acrylate, ƙungiyar hydrophobic monomer hada daga acrylic acid da m barasa polyoxyethylene ether za a iya yadda ya kamata inganta ta inverse emulsion polymerization da acrylic acid copolymerization.Electrolyte juriya na thickeners.He Ping ya tattauna batutuwa da yawa da suka shafi shiri na polyacrylic acid thickener ta hanyar inverse emulsion polymerization.A cikin wannan takarda, an yi amfani da amphoteric copolymer a matsayin stabilizer kuma an yi amfani da methylenebisacrylamide a matsayin wakili mai haɗin gwiwa don fara ammonium acrylate don inverse emulsion polymerization don shirya wani babban aiki mai kauri don buga launi.An yi nazarin tasirin masu daidaitawa daban-daban, masu farawa, masu haɗin gwiwa da wakilan canja wurin sarkar akan polymerization.An nuna cewa copolymer na lauryl methacrylate da acrylic acid za a iya amfani dashi azaman stabilizer, kuma biyu redox initiators, benzoyldimethylaniline peroxide da sodium tert-butyl hydroperoxide metabisulfite, na iya duka fara polymerization da samun wani danko.farin ɓangaren litattafan almara.Kuma an yi imani da cewa gishiri juriya na ammonium acrylate copolymerized tare da kasa da 15% acrylamide karuwa.
2. Hydrophobic ƙungiyar roba polymer thickener
Ko da yake an yi amfani da kaurin polyacrylic acid mai haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar sinadarai, kodayake ƙari na monomers masu ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin sulfonic acid a cikin abun da ke cikin thickener na iya inganta aikin anti-electrolyte, har yanzu akwai masu kauri da yawa na irin wannan.Lalacewar, irin su matalauta thixotropy na thickening tsarin, da dai sauransu The ingantacciyar hanya ita ce gabatar da wani karamin adadin hydrophobic kungiyoyin a cikin hydrophilic main sarkar zuwa hada hydrophobic associative thickeners.Hydrophobic associative thickeners ne sabon ɓullo da thickeners a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Akwai sassan hydrophilic da kungiyoyin lipophilic a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, suna nuna wani aiki na saman.Masu haɗin gwiwa suna da mafi kyawun juriya na gishiri fiye da masu kauri marasa haɗin gwiwa.Wannan shi ne saboda ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic a wani ɓangare na magance halin curling sakamakon tasirin garkuwar ion, ko kuma shingen shingen da ya haifar da sarkar gefe mai tsayi yana raunana tasirin garkuwar ion.Sakamakon ƙungiyar yana taimakawa wajen inganta rheology na thickener, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ainihin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen.Bugu da kari ga hydrophobic associative thickeners tare da wasu tsarin da aka ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafen, Tian Dating et al.Hakanan ya ruwaito cewa hexadecyl methacrylate, monomer hydrophobic mai ɗauke da dogon sarƙoƙi, an haɗa shi tare da acrylic acid don shirya abubuwan haɗin gwiwa waɗanda suka haɗa da copolymers na binary.Roba thickener.Nazarin ya nuna cewa wasu nau'ikan monomers masu haɗin gwiwa da kuma hydrophobic dogon sarkar monomers na iya haɓaka danko sosai.Tasirin hexadecyl methacrylate (HM) a cikin monomer hydrophobic ya fi na lauryl methacrylate (LM).Ayyukan haɗin gwiwar masu kauri masu haɗaɗɗiya masu ɗauke da hydrophobic monomers doguwar sarkar ya fi na masu kauri masu haɗin gwiwa maras haɗin gwiwa.A kan wannan, ƙungiyar bincike kuma ta haɗa wani kauri mai haɗaka wanda ke ɗauke da acrylic acid/acrylamide/hexadecyl methacrylate terpolymer ta inverse emulsion polymerization.Sakamakon ya tabbatar da cewa duka ƙungiyar hydrophobic na cetyl methacrylate da kuma tasirin da ba na ionic na propionamide ba zai iya inganta aikin thickener na thickener.
Ƙungiyar hydrophobic polyurethane thickener (HEUR) kuma an haɓaka sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Amfaninsa ba su da sauƙi don hydrolyze, barga danko da kyakkyawan aikin gini a cikin aikace-aikacen da yawa kamar ƙimar pH da zafin jiki.The thickening inji na polyurethane thickeners ne yafi saboda ta musamman uku-block polymer tsarin a cikin nau'i na lipophilic-hydrophilic-lipophilic, sabõda haka, sarkar iyakar su ne lipophilic kungiyoyin (yawanci aliphatic hydrocarbon kungiyoyin), da kuma tsakiyar ne Water-soluble hydrophilic. sashi (yawanci mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin polyethylene glycol).An yi nazarin tasirin ƙarshen ƙungiyar hydrophobic akan tasirin kauri na HEUR.Yin amfani da hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban, polyethylene glycol tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 4000 an rufe shi da octanol, barasa na dodecyl da barasa octadecyl, kuma idan aka kwatanta da kowane rukuni na hydrophobic.Girman Micelle wanda HEUR ya kirkira a cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa gajeren sarƙoƙi na hydrophobic bai isa ba don HEUR don samar da micelles na hydrophobic kuma tasirin daɗaɗɗa ba shi da kyau.A lokaci guda, kwatanta stearyl barasa da lauryl barasa-kashe polyethylene glycol, girman micelles na tsohon ya fi girma fiye da na karshen, kuma an kammala cewa dogon hydrophobic sarkar sashi yana da mafi kyau thickening sakamako.
Babban wuraren aikace-aikacen
Bugawa da Rini Yadi
Kyakkyawan tasirin bugu da ingancin kayan yadi da bugu na launi sun dogara ne akan aikin bugu, kuma ƙari na kauri yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da shi.Ƙara mai kauri zai iya sa samfurin da aka buga ya sami yawan amfanin ƙasa, bayyanannen bugu shaci, mai haske da cikakken launi, da inganta haɓakawa da thixotropy na samfurin.A da, sitaci na halitta ko sodium alginate galibi ana amfani dashi azaman mai kauri don buga manna.Saboda wahalar yin manna daga sitaci na halitta da kuma tsadar sodium alginate, a hankali ana maye gurbinsa da bugu na acrylic da rini.Anionic polyacrylic acid yana da mafi kyawun sakamako mai kauri kuma a halin yanzu shine mafi yawan amfani da thickener, amma irin wannan kauri har yanzu yana da lahani, kamar juriya na electrolyte, manna thixotropy launi, da yawan amfanin ƙasa yayin bugu.Matsakaicin bai dace ba.Ingantacciyar hanyar ita ce gabatar da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic a cikin babban sarkar hydrophilic don haɗa masu kauri masu alaƙa.A halin yanzu, bugu thickeners a cikin gida kasuwa za a iya raba na halitta thickeners, emulsification thickeners da roba thickeners bisa daban-daban albarkatun kasa da shirye-shirye hanyoyin.Yawancin, saboda m abun ciki na iya zama mafi girma fiye da 50%, thickening sakamako yana da kyau sosai.
fenti na tushen ruwa
Dace ƙara thickeners zuwa fenti iya yadda ya kamata canza ruwa halaye na fenti tsarin da kuma sanya shi thixotropic, don haka ba da fenti da kyau ajiya kwanciyar hankali da kuma workability.Mai kauri tare da kyakkyawan aiki zai iya ƙara danko na sutura a lokacin ajiya, hana rabuwa da suturar, da kuma rage danko a lokacin babban sauri mai sauri, ƙara dankon fim din bayan rufewa, da kuma hana abin da ya faru na sagging.Masu kaurin fenti na gargajiya sukan yi amfani da polymers masu narkewar ruwa, irin su cellulose hydroxyethyl cellulose mai girma.Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da kauri na polymeric don sarrafa riƙewar danshi yayin aikin shafa na kayan takarda.Kasancewar masu kauri na iya sa saman takarda mai rufi ya zama mai santsi kuma mafi daidaituwa.Musamman swellable emulsion (HASE) thickener yana da anti-splash aikin da za a iya amfani da a hade tare da sauran nau'i na thickeners don ƙwarai rage surface roughness na mai rufi takarda.Misali, fentin latex sau da yawa yana fuskantar matsalar rabuwar ruwa a lokacin samarwa, sufuri, ajiya, da gini.Ko da yake ana iya jinkirta rabuwar ruwa ta hanyar ƙara danko da rarrabawar fenti na latex, irin waɗannan gyare-gyare sau da yawa suna iyakancewa, kuma mafi mahimmanci Ko ta hanyar zaɓin thickener da daidaitawa don magance wannan matsala.
hakar mai
A cikin hakar mai, don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana amfani da ƙarfin aiki na wani ruwa (kamar wutar lantarki, da sauransu) don karye Layer ruwa.Ruwan da ake kira fracturing fluid ko fracturing fluid.Manufar karyewar ita ce ta haifar da karaya tare da ƙayyadaddun girma da haɓakawa a cikin samuwar, kuma nasararsa yana da alaƙa da aikin fashewar ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi.Ruwan da ke wargajewa sun haɗa da ruwan karyewar ruwa, ruwan karyewar mai, ruwan barasa mai karyewa, ruwa mai karyewa, da kuma ruwan kumfa.Daga cikin su, ruwa mai fashewar ruwa yana da fa'ida na ƙarancin farashi da aminci mai girma, kuma a halin yanzu shine mafi yawan amfani.Thickener shine babban abin da ake ƙarawa a cikin ruwa mai karyewar ruwa, kuma ci gabansa ya wuce kusan rabin karni, amma samun karyewar ruwa mai kauri tare da ingantaccen aiki ya kasance jagorar bincike na masana a gida da waje.Akwai nau'o'in nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu na karyewar ruwa na tushen ruwa, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa rukuni biyu: polysaccharides na halitta da abubuwan da suka samo asali da kuma polymers na roba.Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar hakar mai da haɓaka wahalar hakar ma'adinai, mutane sun gabatar da sabbin buƙatu masu girma don karyewar ruwa.Saboda sun fi dacewa da mahalli masu rikitarwa fiye da polysaccharides na halitta, masu kauri na polymer na roba za su taka rawar gani sosai a cikin babban zafin jiki mai zurfi sosai.
Chemicals na yau da kullun da Abinci
A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan kauri fiye da 200 da ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antar sinadarai ta yau da kullun, galibi waɗanda suka haɗa da salts inorganic, surfactants, polymers mai narkewa da ruwa da fatty alcohols/fatty acids.Ana amfani da su galibi a kayan wanke-wanke, kayan kwalliya, man goge baki da sauran kayayyaki.Bugu da kari, an kuma yi amfani da kauri a masana'antar abinci.Ana amfani da su galibi don haɓakawa da daidaita kaddarorin jiki ko nau'ikan abinci, haɓaka dankowar abinci, ba abinci ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano mai daɗi, kuma suna taka rawa a cikin kauri, daidaitawa da daidaitawa., emulsifying gel, masking, dandano da zaƙi.Masu kauri da ake amfani da su a masana'antar abinci sun haɗa da kauri na halitta da aka samu daga dabbobi da shuke-shuke, da kuma kauri na roba irin su CMCNa da propylene glycol alginate.Bugu da kari, an kuma yi amfani da kauri sosai a fannin likitanci, yin takarda, tukwane, sarrafa fata, sarrafa lantarki, da sauransu.
2.Inorganic thickener
Inorganic thickeners sun hada da nau'i biyu na low kwayoyin nauyi da kuma high kwayoyin nauyi, da ƙananan kwayoyin nauyi thickeners ne yafi ruwa ruwa mafita na inorganic salts da surfactants.Gishirin da ba a iya amfani da su a halin yanzu sun haɗa da sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate da pentasodium triphosphate, wanda sodium chloride da ammonium chloride suna da tasirin kauri.Babban ka'idar ita ce surfactants suna samar da micelles a cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa, kuma kasancewar electrolytes yana ƙara yawan ƙungiyoyin micelles, wanda ke haifar da jujjuyawar micelles zuwa miceles mai siffar sanda, haɓaka juriya na motsi, don haka ƙara dankon tsarin. .Duk da haka, lokacin da electrolyte ya wuce kima, zai shafi tsarin micellar, rage juriya na motsi, don haka rage danko na tsarin, wanda shine abin da ake kira tasirin gishiri.
Inorganic high kwayoyin nauyi thickeners hada da bentonite, attapulgite, aluminum silicate, sepiolite, hectorite, da dai sauransu Daga cikin su, bentonite yana da mafi kasuwanci darajar.Babban tsarin yin kauri ya ƙunshi ma'adanai na gel thixotropic waɗanda ke kumbura ta hanyar ɗaukar ruwa.Waɗannan ma'adanai gabaɗaya suna da tsari mai ɗorewa ko ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin lattice.Lokacin da aka tarwatsa cikin ruwa, ions na ƙarfe da ke cikinsa suna yaduwa daga lu'ulu'u na lamellar, suna kumbura tare da ci gaban hydration, kuma a ƙarshe sun rabu gaba ɗaya daga lu'ulu'u na lamellar don samar da dakatarwar colloidal.ruwa.A wannan lokacin, saman lu'ulu'u na lamellar yana da caji mara kyau, kuma sasanninta yana da ƙananan ƙima mai kyau saboda bayyanar fashe fashe.A cikin bayani mai tsarma, ƙananan cajin da ke kan saman sun fi girma fiye da kyawawan zarge-zarge a kan sasanninta, kuma barbashi suna korar juna ba tare da kauri ba.Duk da haka, tare da karuwa da ƙaddamarwar electrolyte, cajin da ke kan saman lamellae yana raguwa, kuma hulɗar da ke tsakanin kwayoyin halitta ya canza daga ƙarfin da ya dace tsakanin lamellae zuwa karfi mai ban sha'awa tsakanin ƙananan cajin akan saman lamellae da tabbatacce. caji a sasanninta.A tsaye haɗe tare don samar da tsarin tsarin katunan, yana haifar da kumburi don samar da gel don cimma sakamako mai kauri.A wannan lokacin, gel ɗin inorganic yana narkewa cikin ruwa don samar da gel ɗin thixotropic sosai.Bugu da ƙari, bentonite zai iya samar da hydrogen bond a cikin bayani, wanda ke da amfani ga samuwar tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai girma uku.Tsarin inorganic gel hydration thickening da kati gidan samu aka nuna a cikin tsari zane 1. Intercalation na polymerized monomers zuwa montmorillonite don ƙara interlayer tazara, sa'an nan a-wuri intercalation polymerization tsakanin yadudduka iya samar da wani polymer / montmorillonite Organic- Inorganic matasan. mai kauri.Sarkar polymer na iya wucewa ta cikin zanen montmorillonite don samar da hanyar sadarwa ta polymer.A karon farko, Kazutoshi et al.ya yi amfani da montmorillonite na tushen sodium a matsayin wakili mai haɗin gwiwa don gabatar da tsarin polymer, kuma ya shirya montmorillonite giciye-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-zazzabi hydrogel.Liu Hongyu et al.yayi amfani da montmorillonite na tushen sodium a matsayin wakili mai haɗin kai don haɗa sabon nau'in kauri tare da babban aikin anti-electrolyte, kuma ya gwada aikin kauri da anti-NaCl da sauran ayyukan electrolyte na kauri mai hade.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa Na-montmorillonite-crosslinked thickener yana da kyawawan kaddarorin anti-electrolyte.Bugu da kari, akwai kuma inorganic da sauran kwayoyin fili thickeners, kamar roba thickener shirya ta M.Chtourou da sauran Organic samu na ammonium salts da Tunisiya yumbu na montmorillonite, wanda yana da kyau thickening sakamako.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-11-2023