Udaka oluxutshwe okomile luyinhlanganisela yezinto zikasimende (usimende, umlotha wempukane, impushana ye-slag, njll.), ama-aggregate akhethekile ahlelwe kahle (isihlabathi se-quartz, i-corundum, njll., futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ama-Granules alula, i-perlite eyandisiwe, i-vermiculite enwetshiwe, njll. ) kanye nezixube zixutshwa ngokufanayo ngesilinganiso esithile, bese zipakishwa ezikhwameni, emiphongolweni noma zinikezwe ngobuningi esimweni sempushana esomile njengempahla yokwakha.
Ngokusho kwesicelo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zodaka lwezentengiselwano, ezifana nodaka oluyimpushana olwenziwa ngamatshe, udaka oluyimpushana olomile lokukhonkoloza, udaka olomile lwempushana yomhlabathi, udaka olukhethekile olomile lwempushana lokuvikela amanzi, ukugcinwa kokushisa nezinye izinjongo.Ukufingqa, udaka oluxutshwe okomile lungahlukaniswa lube udaka olujwayelekile oluxutshwe okomile (ukwakha, ukupulasitela kanye nodaka oluxutshwe nomhlabathi owomile) kanye nodaka olukhethekile oluxutshwe okomile.Udaka olukhethekile oluxutshwe okomile luhlanganisa: udaka oluzilinganisa ngokwalo, impahla yaphansi engagugi, iphansi elingashi, i-inorganic caulking agent, udaka olungangeni manzi, udaka olunamekekayo lwe-resin, izinto zokuvikela ukhonkolo ezingaphezulu, udaka olukhonkolo olunemibala, njll.
Ngakho-ke izinsimbi eziningi ezixutshwe okomile zidinga izingxube zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza okufanele zenziwe ngenani elikhulu lokuhlola.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-admixtures yendabuko kakhonkolo, i-admixtures yodaka oluxubekile ingasetshenziswa kuphela kwifomu yempushana, futhi okwesibili, iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, noma incibilike kancane kancane ngaphansi kwesenzo se-alkalinity ukuze yenze umphumela wayo ofanele.
1. I-Thickener, i-ejenti egcina amanzi kanye ne-stabilizer Udaka olujwayelekile olulungiswe usimende, i-inert noma i-mineral admixture esebenzayo, kanye ne-aggregate enhle, ububi bayo obukhulu ukuhlangana okungalungile, ukuzinza okubuthakathaka, ukopha kalula, ukuhlukaniswa, Ukuncibilika, ukwakhiwa okunzima, ngemva kokwakhiwa, amandla okubopha aphansi, kulula ukuqhekeka, angenamandla amanzi, aqinile, njll., kumele ashintshwe ngezithasiselo ezifanele.Mayelana nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana, ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuzinza kodaka, izithasiselo ezingakhethwa zihlanganisa i-cellulose ether, i-starch ether eguquliwe, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-polyacrylamide ne-powder thickening.
I-Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (PMC) kanye ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) zonke zenziwe ngezinto ze-polymer zemvelo (ezifana nokotini, njll.) I-non-ionic cellulose ether ekhiqizwa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.Zibonakala ngokuncibilika kwamanzi abandayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukubumbana, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukuthambisa, ukuqina kwe-non-ionic kanye ne-pH.Ukuncibilika kwamanzi abandayo kwalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi umthamo wokugcina amanzi uyathuthukiswa, impahla eqina iyabonakala, ububanzi bamabhamuza omoya owethulwe buncane kakhulu, futhi umphumela wokuthuthukisa amandla okubopha osimende kuthuthukiswe kakhulu.
I-Cellulose ether ayinayo kuphela izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zesisindo se-molecular and viscosity kusuka ku-5mPa.s kuya ku-200,000 mPa.s, umthelela ekusebenzeni kodaka esiteji esisha nangemva kokuqina nakho kuhlukile.Inombolo enkulu yokuhlolwa kufanele yenziwe lapho ukhetha ukukhetha okuqondile.Khetha izinhlobonhlobo ze-cellulose ezine-viscosity efanelekile kanye nobubanzi besisindo samangqamuzana, umthamo omncane, futhi akukho mpahla yokungenisa umoya.Kungale ndlela kuphela ingatholakala ngokushesha.Ukusebenza okuhle kobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kunomnotho omuhle.
Isitashi ether Isitashi ether i-ether eyakhiwe ukusabela kwamaqembu e-hydroxyl kuma-molecule eglucose yesitashi anamakhemikhali amakhemikhali, abizwa ngokuthi isitashi ether noma isitashi se-etherified.Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-starch ethers ezishintshiwe yilezi: isitashi se-sodium carboxymethyl (CMS), isitashi se-hydrocarbon alkyl (HES), i-hydrocarbon propyl ethyl isitashi (HPS), isitashi se-cyanoethyl, njll. Wonke anemisebenzi emihle kakhulu yokuncibilika kwamanzi, ukubopha, ukuvuvukala, ukugeleza. , ukumboza, ukwenza imidwebo, ukulinganisa, ukuhlakazeka kanye nokuqiniswa, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, ukudla, izindwangu, ukwenza iphepha, amakhemikhali nsuku zonke kanye ne-petroleum neminye iminyango.
Njengamanje, ithemba le-starch ether elisetshenziswa odongeni lwe-powder elomile nalo lithembisa kakhulu.Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi: ① Inani le-ether yesitashi lishibhile, kuphela 1/3 kuya ku-1/4 we-cellulose ether;② Isitashi i-ether exutshwe nodaka nayo izothuthukisa i-viscosity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina namandla okubopha kodaka;③ I-ether yesitashi ingahlanganiswa ne-cellulose ether kunoma iyiphi ingxenye, ukuze kuthuthukiswe kangcono umthelela wokulwa nokuwohloka kodaka.Kweminye imikhiqizo yodaka, efana nodonga lwe-ceramic kanye nezinamatheliso zamathayela aphansi, ama-ejenti okwelapha esixhumi esibonakalayo, ama-caulking agents kanye nodaka olujwayelekile lwezohwebo, i-starch ether isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti eyinhloko yokujiya kanye ne-ejenti egcina amanzi kanye nokuzinza.Kodwa uma ngibheka abakhiqizi be-starch ether ezweni lami, abaningi babo bahlala kuphela ekuhlinzekweni kwemikhiqizo eyinhloko, futhi abakhiqizi abambalwa kuphela abakhiqiza futhi bahlinzeke nge-starch ether eguquliwe ukuze bahlangabezane nengxenye yesidingo sabakhiqizi bakadaka.
Impushana ewugqinsi udaka Impuphu ewugqinsi umkhiqizo omusha owenziwe ukuze uvumelane nokukhiqizwa kodaka olujwayelekile lwempushana (oluxubile).Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe ngamaminerali we-inorganic kanye ne-organic polymer materials, futhi ayinayo i-lime nezingxenye ezifakwe emoyeni.Umthamo wawo ungama-5% kuya ku-20% wesisindo sikasimende.Njengamanje, ekukhiqizweni kodaka lwempahla evamile e-Shanghai, impushana ejiyayo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengengxenye yokuqina, egcina amanzi kanye nezinza, futhi umphumela uyamangalisa.
I-Polyvinyl alcohol ne-polyacrylamide nazo zinebanga elibanzi le-viscosity, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi inani le-air-entraining likhulu, noma isidingo samanzi sodaka sikhuphuka kakhulu ngemva kokuxutshwa, ngakho-ke inani elikhulu lokuhlola kufanele lisetshenziswe ukukhetha.
2. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-latex powder thickener ehlakazeka kabusha ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuzinza kodaka.Nakuba ingavimbela udaka ekuqhekekeni (lehlise izinga lokuhwamuka kwamanzi) ngokwezinga elithile, ngokuvamile alisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuqina nokumelana nokuqhekeka kodaka.kanye nezindlela ezingangeni manzi.
Umkhuba wokwengeza ama-polymers ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungakwazi ukungena emanzini, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokumelana nomthelela wodaka nokhonkolo usuqashelwe.Ama-emulsions e-polymer asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuguqulwa kosimende nosimende ukhonkolo ahlanganisa: i-emulsion yerabha ye-neoprene, i-emulsion yerabha ye-styrene-butadiene, i-polyacrylate latex, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-emulsion ye-rubber ye-chlorine eyingxenye, i-polyvinyl acetate, njll Ngokuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwesayensi, hhayi kuphela imiphumela yokuguqulwa kwama-polymer ahlukahlukene iye yacutshungulwa ngokujulile, kodwa futhi indlela yokuguqula, indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kwama-polymers nosimende, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-cement hydration nayo icutshungulwe ngokwethiyori.Ukuhlaziya nokucwaninga okujulile, kanye nenani elikhulu lemiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi iye yavela.
I-emulsion ye-polymer ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo, kodwa kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulisebenzisa ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni i-powder mortar eyomile, ngakho-ke i-latex powder yazalwa kabusha.Njengamanje, impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha esetshenziswa odakeni lwempushana eyomile ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa: ① i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E);② i-vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa);③ i-acrylate homopolymer ( Acrylate);④ i-vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC);4) i-styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), njll. Phakathi kwabo, i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer inenani elikhulu kakhulu lokusetshenziswa.
Ukuzijwayeza kuye kwafakazela ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-latex powder e-redispersible kuzinzile, futhi kunemiphumela engenakuqhathaniswa ekuthuthukiseni amandla okubopha odaka, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwayo, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokuqhekeka nokungakwazi ukungena emanzini, njll. Ukwengeza i-hydrophobic latex powder copolymerized by polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride , i-ethylene, i-vinyl laurate, njll. futhi kunganciphisa kakhulu ukumuncwa kwamanzi kodaka (ngenxa ye-hydrophobicity yayo), okwenza umoya we-mortar ungene futhi ungangenisi, uthuthukise Ikumelana nesimo sezulu futhi uthuthukise ukuqina.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukisa amandla aguquguqukayo namandla okubopha kodaka kanye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwawo, umphumela we-latex powder ohlakazeka kabusha ekuthuthukiseni ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana kwawo kunomkhawulo.Njengoba ukungezwa kwempushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha kungahlakazeka futhi kubangele inani elikhulu lokungena komoya engxubeni yodaka, umphumela wawo wokunciphisa amanzi usobala kakhulu.Yiqiniso, ngenxa yesakhiwo esimpofu samabhamuza omoya owethulwe, umphumela wokunciphisa amanzi awuzange uthuthukise amandla.Ngokuphambene nalokho, amandla odaka azokwehla kancane kancane ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwempushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha.Ngakho-ke, ekuthuthukisweni kwamanye ama-mortars adinga ukucabangela amandla okucindezela nokuguquguquka, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-defoamer ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela omubi we-latex powder emandleni okucindezela kanye namandla aguquguqukayo odaka. .
3. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-cellulose, isitashi ether kanye nezinto ze-polymer, i-defoamer ngokungangabazeki yandisa impahla yokungenisa umoya yodaka.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthinta amandla acindezelayo, amandla aguquguqukayo namandla okubopha odaka, futhi kunciphisa i-elastic modulus yayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, liphinde libe nomthelela omkhulu ekubukeni kodaka, ngakho-ke kudingekile kakhulu ukuqeda ama-bubbles emoyeni afakwe odakeni.Njengamanje, ama-defoamers e-powder eyomile angenisiwe asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi e-China ukuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-commodity mortar, ukuqedwa kwama-bubbles emoyeni akuwona umsebenzi olula kakhulu.
4. I-ejenti enqanda ukuntengantenga Lapho unamathisela amathayela e-ceramic, amabhodi e-polystyrene anegwebu, futhi kufakwa udaka lwezinhlayiyana zenjoloba eliyimpuphu ye-polystyrene, inkinga enkulu ebhekene nayo ukuwa.Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ukwengeza isitashi ether, i-sodium bentonite, i-metakaolin ne-montmorillonite kuyisilinganiso esisebenzayo sokuxazulula inkinga yokuwa kodaka ngemva kokwakhiwa.Isixazululo esiyinhloko senkinga ye-sagging ukwandisa ukucindezeleka kokuqala kwe-shear kodaka, okungukuthi, ukwandisa i-thixotropy yayo.Kuzicelo ezisebenzayo, akulula ukukhetha i-ejenti enhle yokulwa ne-sagging, ngoba idinga ukuxazulula ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-thixotropy, ukusebenza, i-viscosity kanye nesidingo samanzi.
5. I-ejenti exosha amanzi Umsebenzi ongangenisi amanzi noma oxosha amanzi wodaka olukhonkolo, i-ejenti yokufaka amathayela, udaka lombala wokuhlobisa kanye nodaka oluxutshwe owomile olusetshenziselwa udonga lwangaphandle lwesistimu yokufaka ukhonkolo oluncane lubalulekile, oludinga ukungezwa kwePowdered. ukuxosha amanzi, kodwa kufanele kube nezici ezilandelayo: ① ukwenza udaka lwe-hydrophobic lulonke futhi lugcine umphumela wesikhathi eside;② ayinawo umthelela omubi emandleni okubopha ongaphezulu;③ ezinye izinto ezixosha amanzi ezivame ukusetshenziswa emakethe, njenge-Calcium fatty acid ayisona isithasiselo se-hydrophobic esifanelekile sodaka oluxutshwe okomile, ikakhulukazi okokuplasta ukuze kwakhiwe imishini, ngoba kunzima ukuxutshwa ngokushesha nangokufana nodaka lukasimende.
Kusanda kwakhiwa i-ejenti yempushana esekelwe ku-silane exosha amanzi, okuwumkhiqizo owenziwe nge-silane oyimpushana otholwe ngokufafaza ama-silane agcotshwe ngama-colloids avikelayo ancibilika emanzini kanye nama-anti-caking agents.Lapho udaka luxutshwa namanzi, igobolondo le-colloid elivikelayo le-ejenti exosha amanzi lincibilika ngokushesha emanzini, futhi likhiphe i-silane ehlanganisiwe ukuze iphinde iyihlakaze emanzini axutshwayo.Esimweni esine-alkaline kakhulu ngemva kokufakwa kukasimende, amaqembu asebenzayo e-hydrophilic organic ku-silane afakwa nge-hydrolyzed ukuze akhe amaqembu e-silanol asebenza kakhulu, futhi amaqembu e-silanol ayaqhubeka nokusabela ngendlela engenakulungiseka namaqembu e-hydroxyl emikhiqizweni kasimende ukuze akhe izibopho zamakhemikhali, ukuze i-silane exhunywe ndawonye ngokuxhumanisa ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile ebusweni bodonga lwama-pore lodaka lukasimende.Njengoba amaqembu asebenza nge-hydrophobic organic ebheke ngaphandle kodonga lwama-pore, ingaphezulu le-pores lithola i-hydrophobicity, ngaleyo ndlela ilethe umphumela we-hydrophobic jikelele kudaka.
6. I-Pantherine Inhibitor Pantherine izothinta ubuhle bomhlobiso owenziwe usimende, okuyinkinga evamile edinga ukuxazululwa.Ngokwemibiko, i-resin-based anti-pantherine additive iye yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo muva nje, okuyi-powder ephinda ihlakazeka ngokusebenza okuhle kokugqugquzela.Lo mkhiqizo ufaneleka ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa ezingubo zokusiza, ama-putty, ama-caulks noma ukwakhiwa kodaka futhi unokuhambisana okuhle nezinye izithasiselo.
7. I-Fiber Ukwengeza inani elifanele le-fiber odakeni kungakhuphula amandla okuqina, kuthuthukise ukuqina futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nokuqhekeka.Njengamanje, imicu yokwenziwa yamakhemikhali nemicu yokhuni ivame ukusetshenziswa odakeni oluxutshwe okomile.Imicu yokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali, njenge-polypropylene staple fiber, i-polypropylene staple fiber, njll. Ngemva kokuguqulwa kwendawo, le micu ayinayo kuphela i-dispersibility enhle, kodwa futhi inokuqukethwe okuphansi, okungathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo ukumelana nepulasitiki nokusebenza kokuqhekeka kodaka.Izakhiwo zemishini azithinteki kakhulu.Ububanzi be-wood fiber buncane, futhi ukungezwa kwe-wood fiber kufanele kunake ukwanda kwesidingo samanzi sodaka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-04-2023