Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, umusaruro uriho ubu utari ionic selulose ether umaze kugera kuri toni zirenga 500.000 kwisi yose, kandihydroxypropyl methyl selulose HPMCbingana na 80% bya toni 400.000, Ubushinwa mumyaka ibiri ishize, amasosiyete menshi yaguye ubushobozi bwumusaruro wagutse byihuse kugeza ubu toni zigera ku 180 000, hafi toni 60 000 zikoreshwa murugo, Muri ibyo, miliyoni zirenga 550 toni zikoreshwa mu nganda naho hafi 70% zikoreshwa nk'inyongera zubaka.
Kubera imikoreshereze itandukanye yibicuruzwa, ibipimo byerekana ivu ryibicuruzwa bishobora kuba bitandukanye, kuburyo mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, gutunganya umusaruro ukurikije ibisabwa byubwoko butandukanye bifasha ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu, kugabanya ibicuruzwa na kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
1. Ibivu birimo hydroxypropyl methyl selulose HPMC nuburyo buriho
Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose (HPMC) ubuziranenge bwinganda bwitwa ivu na pharmacopoeia bita sulfate, aribyo gutwika ibisigazwa, birashobora kumvikana gusa nkumwanda wumunyu ngugu mubicuruzwa.Ahanini kubikorwa byo gukora alkali ikomeye (hydroxide ya sodium) binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura pH kumunyu utabogamye hamwe nibikoresho fatizo byumwimerere byumunyu ngugu.
Uburyo bwo kumenya ivu ryuzuye;Umubare munini w'icyitegererezo utwikwa mu itanura ry'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nyuma ya karuboni, ku buryo ibikoresho kama bihinduka okiside kandi bikangirika, bigahunga mu buryo bwa dioxyde de carbone, okiside ya azote n'amazi, mu gihe ibikoresho kama bitagumye mu buryo bwa sulfate, fosifate, karubone , chloride nindi myunyu ngugu na okiside yicyuma, ibi bisigazwa ni ivu.Ibivu byose byuzuye byintangarugero birashobora kubarwa mugupima ibisigisigi.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukoresha aside itandukanye kandi bizatanga umunyu utandukanye: cyane cyane sodium chloride ya sodium (ukurikije reaction ya chloride ion muri chloromethane na sodium hydroxide) hamwe no kutabogama kwa aside bishobora kubyara sodium acetate, sodium sulfide cyangwa sodium oxyde.
2. Ibirimo ivu bisabwa hydroxypropyl methyl selulose HPMC
Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose HPMC ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubyimbye, emulisitiya, gukora firime, kurinda colloid, kubika amazi, gufatira hamwe, kurwanya enzyme no guhindagurika kwa metabolike, nibindi. Ikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi byinganda, zishobora kugabanywa mubice bikurikira. :
.Imyubakire yububiko, latex ikoreshwa cyane cyane nka colloid ikingira, gukora firime, umubyimba hamwe nubufasha bwo guhagarika pigment.
(2) POLYvinyl chloride: ikoreshwa cyane nka dispersant muri reaction ya polymerisation ya sisitemu yo guhagarika polymerisation.
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. amazi, igice-gikomeye cyo gutegura kubyimbye, emulisation, guhagarikwa, gusaba matrix;
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(6) impapuro: gutatanya, gusiga amabara, umukozi ukomeza;
(7) Gucapa no gusiga imyenda: impuzu yimyenda, ibara, umukozi wagura amabara:
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Duhereye ku bitekerezo byuburambe bwigihe kirekire cyo gusaba hamwe nincamake yubuziranenge bwimbere mu bigo bimwe na bimwe by’amahanga ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu, birashobora kugaragara ko ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya PVC polymerisation n’ibicuruzwa by’imiti bya buri munsi bisaba kugenzura umunyu <0.010, na farumasi ya ya bihugu bitandukanye bisaba kugenzura umunyu <0.015.Kandi ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura umunyu burashobora kuba bwagutse cyane, cyane cyane ibyiciro byubwubatsi usibye kubyara umusaruro ushimishije, umunyu utwikiriye ufite ibyo usabwa hanze ahasigaye urashobora kugenzura umunyu <0.05 ushobora guhura cyane nikoreshwa.
3. Hydroxypropyl methyl selulose inzira ya HPMC nuburyo bwo gukora
Hariho uburyo butatu bwibanze bwo gukora hydroxypropyl methyl selulose HPMC murugo no mumahanga:
.Nyuma yo kubyitwaramo, ibicuruzwa byarangije gukaraba, gukama, kumenagura no gushongeshwa namazi ashyushye.
. reaction ya horizontal hamwe nubukangurambaga bukomeye.Ntabwo ari ngombwa kongeramo ibishishwa bya reaction.Nyuma yo kubyitwaramo, ibicuruzwa byarangije gukaraba, gukama, kumenagura no gushongeshwa namazi ashyushye.
. ongeramo ingano ya lye na etherifying agent kuri reaction, nyuma yo kwitwara hamwe nubushyuhe bwa acetone reaction ya selile nziza ya selile, Hanyuma amazi ashyushye gukaraba, kumisha, gusya, gusuzuma kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa byarangiye.(Ntabwo ikiri mubikorwa byinganda).
Igisubizo kirangira ntakibazo cyakoreshwa muburyo bwuburyo bwavuzwe haruguru bufite umunyu mwinshi, ukurikije inzira zitandukanye zishobora gutanga ni: sodium chloride na sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, nibindi bivanga umunyu, bikenerwa binyuze muri desalination, the gukoresha umunyu mugukemura amazi, mubisanzwe hamwe no gukaraba amazi ashyushye, ubu ibikoresho nyamukuru nuburyo bwo gukaraba ni:
(1) Akayunguruzo ka vacuum;Ikoreshwa mu koza umunyu usuka ibintu bibisi mumazi ashyushye hanyuma ugashyira ibishishwa neza kumukandara uyungurura utera amazi ashyushye hejuru hanyuma ugahumura hasi.
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. amazi yo gutandukanya no gukuramo umunyu.
Gukaraba amazi ashyushye kugirango ukureho umunyu ushonga, kubera ko ugomba guhuza amazi ashyushye, gukaraba, niko bigenda bigabanuka munsi yivu, naho ubundi, ivu ryayo rifitanye isano itaziguye n’amazi ashyushye, inganda rusange ibicuruzwa niba kugenzura ivu munsi ya 1% UKORESHA amazi ashyushye toni 10, niba kugenzura munsi ya 5% bizakenera hafi toni 6 zamazi ashyushye.
Cellulose ether yangiza amazi ya ogisijeni ikenewe (COD) igera kuri 60 000 mg / L, ibirimo umunyu nabyo birenga 30 000 mg / L, bityo rero gutunganya imyanda nkiyi bigomba kuba bihenze cyane, kuko umunyu mwinshi utaziguye ibinyabuzima biragoye, ukurikije ibisabwa muri iki gihe byo kurengera ibidukikije by’igihugu ntabwo byemewe kuvangwa, Igisubizo cyibanze ni ugukuraho umunyu ukoresheje distillation.Kubwibyo, toni imwe yo gukaraba amazi abira bizatanga toni imwe yimyanda.Ukurikije ikoranabuhanga rya MUR rigezweho rifite ingufu nyinshi, guhumeka no gukuramo umunyu, ikiguzi cyuzuye cya buri gutunganya toni 1 yo gukaraba amazi yibanze ni hafi 80, kandi ikiguzi kinini ni ugukoresha ingufu zose.
4. Ingaruka yibirimo ivu kubika amazi ya hydroxypropyl methyl selulose HPMC
HPMC ifite uruhare runini mu gufata amazi, kubyimba no kubaka byoroshye mubikoresho byubaka.
Kubika amazi: kongera igihe cyo gufungura ibikoresho byo kubika amazi, kandi ufasha byimazeyo.
Kubyimba: selile irashobora kuba mwinshi kugirango ihagarike, kugirango igisubizo gikomeze kuba kimwe hejuru no munsi yuruhare rwo kurwanya kumanika.
Ubwubatsi: selile ifite amavuta yo gusiga, irashobora kubaka neza.HPMC ntabwo igira uruhare muburyo reaction yimiti ibaho, ariko igira uruhare runini.Icy'ingenzi ni ukubika amazi, bigira ingaruka ku butumburuke bwa minisiteri, hanyuma bikagira ingaruka ku miterere ya mashini no kuramba kwa minisiteri ikomye.Mortar igabanijwemo amabuye ya masonry na pompe ya pompe ni ibice bibiri byingenzi byibikoresho bya minisiteri, ikoreshwa ryingenzi rya minisiteri yububoshyi na pompe ya pompe nuburyo bwububiko.Nkumwanya wo gusaba mugikorwa cyibicuruzwa biri mubihe byumye, kugirango hagabanuke icyuma cyumye cyo kwinjiza amazi akomeye ya minisiteri, ubwubatsi bufata icyemezo mbere yo gutangira, kugirango kibuze ibintu bimwe na bimwe by’ubushuhe, bugumane ubuhehere muri minisiteri. kugirango uhagarike ibintu birenze urugero, birashobora kugumana hydrasiyo isanzwe yimbere yimbere nka sima ya sima.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibintu nkubwoko butandukanye bwahagaritswe hamwe nubunini bwo kubanza kubanza kurubuga bizagira ingaruka ku gihombo cy’amazi no gutakaza amazi ya minisiteri, bizazana ibibazo byihishe mubwiza rusange bwububiko.Minisiteri ifite amazi meza cyane irashobora gukuraho ingaruka zibikoresho byahagaritswe nibintu byabantu kandi ikanatanga uburinganire buhagije bwa minisiteri.
Ingaruka zo gufata amazi kumitungo ikomeretsa ya minisiteri igaragarira cyane cyane ku ngaruka zigaragara hagati ya minisiteri na blok.Nkuko minisiteri ifata amazi mabi itakaza amazi vuba, amazi ya minisiteri kumwanya wimbere biragaragara ko adahagije, kandi sima ntishobora kuba yuzuye neza, bigira ingaruka kumikurire isanzwe yimbaraga.Imbaraga zihuza ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima ahanini biterwa ningaruka zifatika ziva muri sima.Amazi adahagije ya sima mukarere ka interineti agabanya imbaraga zo guhuza intera, kandi ibintu byo gutobora minisiteri no guturika biriyongera.
Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibyunvikana cyane kubijyanye no gufata amazi byubaka K ibirango bitatu byubwiza butandukanye, binyuze muburyo butandukanye bwo gukaraba kugirango ugaragare icyiciro kimwe cya kabiri giteganijwe kuba ivu, hanyuma ukurikije uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima amazi (uburyo bwo kuyungurura impapuro ) kumurongo umwe numero itandukanye ivu ryamazi yo kubika amazi mumatsinda atatu yintangarugero yihariye kuburyo bukurikira:
4.1 Uburyo bw'igerageza bwo gupima igipimo cyo gufata amazi (Uburyo bwo kuyungurura impapuro)
4.1.1 Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho
Kuvanga sima, gupima silinderi, kuringaniza, isaha yo guhagarara, icyuma kitagira umuyonga, ikiyiko, icyuma cyerekana ibyuma (diameter y'imbere φ 100 mm × diameter yo hanze φ 110 mm × hejuru ya mm 25, impapuro zungurura vuba, impapuro ziyungurura buhoro, isahani yikirahure.
4.1.2 Ibikoresho na reagent
Isima isanzwe ya Portland (425 #), umucanga usanzwe (unyuze mumazi meza adafite umucanga wibyondo), icyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa (HPMC), amazi meza yo kugerageza (amazi ya robine, amazi yubutaka).
4.1.3
Ubushyuhe bwa laboratoire: 23 ± 2 ℃;Ubushuhe bugereranije: ≥ 50%;Ubushyuhe bwamazi ya laboratoire ni 23 ℃ nkubushyuhe bwicyumba.
4.1.4 Uburyo bw'igerageza
Shira isahani yikirahure kumurongo ukora, shyiramo impapuro ziyungurura buhoro (uburemere: M1), hanyuma ushyireho akayunguruzo kayunguruzo kurupapuro rwihuta, hanyuma ushyire impeta yicyuma kumpapuro zungurura vuba (impeta ifumbire ntishobora kurenga uruziga rwihuta rwo kuyungurura).
Gupima neza (425 #) sima 90 g;Umusenyi usanzwe 210 g;Ibicuruzwa (icyitegererezo) 0.125g;Suka mubikoresho bidafite ingese, vanga neza (kuvanga byumye) hanyuma ushire kuruhande.
Koresha ivanga rya sima ivanze (kuvanga inkono nicyuma birasukuye kandi byumye, buri igeragezwa nyuma yo gukora isuku neza, ryumye rimwe, ryabitswe).Koresha silinderi yo gupima gupima ml 72 y'amazi meza (23 ℃), banza usuke mu nkono ikurura, hanyuma usuke ibikoresho byateguwe, hanyuma ushire kuri 30 s;Mugihe kimwe, uzamure inkono kumwanya wo kuvanga, tangira kuvanga, hanyuma ubyuke kumuvuduko muke (buhoro buhoro) kuri 60 s;Hagarika 15 s gusiba ibintu byometse kurukuta rwinkono hanyuma ukomere mu nkono;Komeza kubyutsa vuba kuri 120 s kugirango uhagarare.Suka minisiteri yose ivanze mumashanyarazi yicyuma idafite ingese vuba, kandi mugihe uhereye igihe minisiteri ihuye nimpapuro zungurura byihuse (kanda ahagarara).Nyuma yiminota 2, hindura impeta yimpeta hanyuma usohokemo impapuro zidashungura zipima gupima (uburemere: M2).Kora igeragezwa ryuzuye ukurikije uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru (uburemere bwimpapuro zidashungura mbere na nyuma yo gupima ni M3, M4)
Uburyo bwo kubara nuburyo bukurikira:
Aho, M1 - uburemere bwimpapuro zidashungura mbere yo kugerageza;M2 - Uburemere bwimpapuro zidashungura nyuma yikigereranyo;M3 - Uburemere bwimpapuro zidashungura mbere yo kugerageza ubusa;M4 - Uburemere bwimpapuro zidashira nyuma yo kugerageza ubusa.
4.1.5
(1) Ubushyuhe bwamazi meza bugomba kuba 23 ℃, gupima bigomba kuba byuzuye;
(2) Nyuma yo kuvanga, kura inkono ivanze hanyuma ubireke neza hamwe n'ikiyiko.
(3) ifumbire igomba kwihuta, kandi uruhande rwuruhande rwa minisiteri yakubiswe neza;
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4.2 icyitegererezo
Ingaruka zo gufata amazi ahanini ziva mubwiza, kandi ubukonje bwinshi buzaba bubi kuruta kubika amazi menshi.Imihindagurikire y’ibivu biri mu kigero cya 1% ~ 5% hafi ya byose ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cy’amazi, bityo ntibizagira ingaruka ku mikoreshereze y’imikorere yabyo.
5.Umwanzuro
Kugirango urwego rusanzwe rukurikizwe nukuri kandi ruhuze nuburyo bugenda bukomera bwo kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, birasabwa ko:
Inganda zinganda za hydroxypropyl methyl selulose HPMC igabanijwemo amanota mugucunga ivu, nka: urwego 1 rwo kugenzura ivu <0.010, urwego 2 rugenzura ivu <0.050.Muri ubu buryo, abaproducer barashobora guhitamo bonyine kandi abakoresha barashobora guhitamo byinshi.Hagati aho, ibiciro birashobora gushyirwaho hashingiwe ku ihame ry’ibiciro byiza kandi birushanwe, kugira ngo hirindwe ikibazo cyo kwitiranya amafi n’amaso no kwitiranya isoko.Icy'ingenzi ni ukubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, ku buryo umusaruro w’ibidukikije n'ibidukikije birusheho kuba byiza kandi bihuza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-14-2022