Lehu maʻiʻo o ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC

Wahi a nā helu helu ʻole, ʻo ka puka o kēia manawa o ka non-ionic cellulose ether ua hiki aku ma mua o 500,000 tons a puni ka honua, ahydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMChelu no 80% o ka 400,000 tons, Kina i loko oʻelua makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā ʻoihana i ka hiki ke hoʻonui i ka mana o kēia manawa e pili ana i 180 000 tons, ma kahi o 60 000 tons o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home, ʻoi aku ma mua o 550 miliona. hoʻohana ʻia nā tona i ka ʻoihana a ma kahi o 70% i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui.

Ma muli o ka hoʻohana like ʻole ʻana o nā huahana, hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā koi kuhikuhi lehu o nā huahana, no laila i ka hana hana, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka hana e like me nā koi o nā ʻano like ʻole e kūpono i ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka hoʻemi ʻai ʻana a hōʻemi hoʻokuʻu.

1. Lehu maʻiʻo o ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC a me kona ʻano

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) kūlana ʻoihana ʻenehana i kapa ʻia ʻo lehu a me ka pharmacopoeia i kapa ʻia ʻo sulfate, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koena ahi, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo wale ʻia ʻo ka haumia paʻakai inorganic i loko o ka huahana.ʻO ka mea nui ma ke kaʻina hana o ka alkali ikaika (sodium hydroxide) ma o ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono hope ʻana o ka pH i ka paʻakai kūʻokoʻa a me ka waiwai kumu kumu paʻakai inorganic.

Ke ala no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ka lehu;Hoʻopau ʻia ka nui o nā laʻana i loko o kahi umu wela wela ma hope o ka carbonization, no laila e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea kūlohelohe a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e pakele i ke ʻano o ka carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides a me ka wai, ʻoiai nā mea inorganic e mau ana i ke ʻano o ka sulfate, phosphate, carbonate. , chloride a me nā paʻakai inorganic ʻē aʻe a me nā oxide metala, he lehu kēia mau koena.Hiki ke helu ʻia ka nui o ka lehu o ka hāpana ma ke kaupaona ʻana i ke koena.

E like me ke kaʻina hana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻakika like ʻole a e hana i ka paʻakai like ʻole: ka nui o ka sodium chloride (ma ka hopena o ka chloride ion i ka chloromethane a me ka sodium hydroxide) a me nā neutralization ʻē aʻe hiki ke hana i ka sodium acetate, sodium sulfide a i ʻole sodium oxalate.

2. Pono ka lehu o ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC no ka thickening, emulsifying, film forming, colloid protection, water retention, adhesion, enzyme resistance and metabolic inertia, etc. :

(1) Kūkulu: ʻo ka hana nui ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ka mānoanoa, viscosity, lubrication, kahe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka cement a me ka gypsum workability, pumping.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā, nā uhi latex e like me ka colloid pale, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ka mānoanoa a me ke kōkua hoʻokuʻu puaʻa.

(2) POLYvinyl chloride: hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he dispersant i ka hopena polymerization o ka ʻōnaehana polymerization suspension.

(3) nā kemika o kēlā me kēia lā: hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā ʻatikala pale, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka emulsification huahana, anti-enzyme, dispersion, hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hana ʻili, hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, moisturizing, foaming, forming, release agent, softener, lubricant a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe;

(4) ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau: i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, ma ke ʻano he hoʻomākaukau paʻa o ka mea hoʻopili, mea hollow capsule capsule, binder, no ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻokuʻu hoʻomau, hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, pore-causing agent, ma ke ʻano he wai, hoʻomākaukau semi-solid o ka mānoanoa, emulsification, hoʻokuʻu, noi matrix;

(5) keramika: hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana o ka ʻoihana ceramic blank, dispersant o ke kala glaze;

(6) pepa: dispersion, kala, ka mea hooikaika;

(7) Ka paʻi lole a me ka waihoʻoluʻu: pulp lole, kala, mea hoʻonui kala:

(8) i ka hana mahiʻai: hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahiʻai e mālama i nā hua kanu, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helu germination, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe a pale i ka maʻi, mālama hua, hoʻokuʻu mau i nā mea kanu kemika a me nā pesticides.

Mai ka manaʻo manaʻo o ka ʻike noiʻi lōʻihi a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā kūlana mana kūloko o kekahi mau ʻoihana ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻoihana kūloko, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo kekahi mau huahana o ka polymerization PVC a me nā huahana kemika i kēlā me kēia lā e koi i ka mana paʻakai <0.010, a me ka pharmacopoeia o pono nā ʻāina like ʻole i ka mana paʻakai <0.015.A ʻo nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe o ka mana paʻakai hiki ke ʻoi aku ka laulā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana papa hana ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka putty, ʻo ka paʻakai paʻakai kekahi mau koi ma waho o ke koena hiki ke hoʻomalu i ka paʻakai <0.05 hiki ke hoʻokō pono i ka hoʻohana.

3. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC kaʻina hana a me ke ʻano hana

ʻEkolu mau ʻano hana nui o ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC ma ka home a ma waho:

(1) Liquid phase method (slurry method): ua hoʻopuehu ʻia ka pauka cellulose pulverized ma kahi o 10 mau manawa o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe i nā reactors vertical a me ke aniani me ka hoʻonāukiuki ikaika, a laila hoʻohui ʻia kahi hopena alkali nui a me ka etherifying agent no ka pane.Ma hope o ka hopena, holoiʻia ka huahana i hoʻopauʻia, hoʻomaloʻoʻia,'ōpala a kānana me ka wai wela.

(2) Keʻano o ke kinoea (gas-solid method): ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hopena o ka pauka cellulose pulverized i loko o kahi kūlana semi-maloʻo ma o ka hoʻohui pono ʻana i ka lye quantitative a me ka etherifying agent a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. reactor hoʻohāhā me ka hoʻouluulu ikaika.ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohui i ka solvent organik no ka hopena.Ma hope o ka hopena, holoiʻia ka huahana i hoʻopauʻia, hoʻomaloʻoʻia,'ōpala a kānana me ka wai wela.

(3) Keʻano likeʻole (dissolution method): Hiki ke hoʻohui pololeiʻia ka paepae ma hope o kaʻokiʻana i ka cellulose me kahi reactor hoʻoulu ikaika i hoʻopuehuʻia i loko o ka naoh / urea (aiʻole nā ​​mea'ē aʻe o cellulose) e pili ana i 5 ~ 8 manawa o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai i loko o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe, a laila hoʻohui i ka quantitative lye a me ka etherifying agent ma ka hopena, ma hope o ka hopena me ka acetone precipitation reaction maikaʻi cellulose etera, A laila holoi wai wela, hoʻomaloʻo, wili, kānana e kiʻi i ka huahana i pau.(ʻAʻole i kēia manawa i ka hana ʻoihana).

ʻO ka hopena hopena no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano o nā ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei he nui ka paʻakai, e like me ke kaʻina hana like ʻole e hiki ke hana: ka sodium chloride a me ka sodium acetate, ka sodium sulfide, ka sodium oxalate, a pēlā aku ka paʻakai paʻakai, pono ma o ka desalination, ka ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paʻakai i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, maʻamau me ka nui o ka holoi ʻana i ka wai wela, i kēia manawa nā mea hana nui a me ke ʻano o ka holoi ʻana:

(1) Kāʻei ʻūhā kānana;Hoʻohana ʻia ia e holoi i ka paʻakai ma ka ninini ʻana i ka mea maka i loko o ka slurry me ka wai wela a laila e kau pono i ka slurry ma luna o ke kāʻei kānana ma ke kāpī ʻana i ka wai wela mai luna a hoʻomāmā i lalo.

(2) ʻO ka centrifuge ākea: ʻo ia ma ka hopena o ka hopena o nā mea waiwai i loko o ka slurry wai wela e hoʻoheheʻe i ka paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka wai wela a laila ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale centrifugal o ka wai a me ka hoʻokaʻawale paʻa e wehe i ka paʻakai.

(3) me ka puʻe kānana, ia ma ka hopena o ka hopena o ka crude mea i loko o ka slurry me ka wai wela, ia i loko o ka puʻe kānana, mua me ka mahu e puhi i ka wai me ka wai wela ehu N mau manawa a laila me ka mahu e puhi. wai e hoʻokaʻawale a wehe i ka paʻakai.

ʻO ka holoi wai wela e wehe i nā paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, no ka mea, pono e hui pū me ka wai wela, ka holoi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka haʻahaʻa o ka lehu maʻiʻo, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ua pili pono kona lehu i ka nui o ka wai wela, ka ʻoihana maʻamau. huahana inā ho'omalu lehu ma lalo o 1% HO'ohana 'ia ka wai wela 10 tons, inā 'o ka mana ma lalo o 5% e pono ana ma kahi o 6 tona wai wela.

ʻO ka cellulose ether wai ʻona wai kemika oxygen koi (COD) he kiʻekiʻe e like me 60 000 mg / L, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻakai ma mua o 30 000 mg / L, no laila pono ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mālama ʻana i ia ʻano wai. He paʻakikī ka biochemistry, e like me nā koi o ka mālama kaiapuni o kēia manawa ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻo ka hopena kumu ka wehe ʻana i ka paʻakai ma ka distillation.No laila, hoʻokahi tona hou o ka holoi wai paila e hoʻohua mai i hoʻokahi tona o ka lepo.Wahi a ka ʻenehana MUR o kēia manawa me ka ikaika o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, evaporation a me ka lawe ʻana i ka paʻakai, ʻo ke kumukūʻai piha o kēlā me kēia mālama ʻana o 1 ton o ka wai holoi holoi ma kahi o 80 yuan, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai nui ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu piha.

4. Ka hopena o ka lehu ma ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC

Hoʻokani ka HPMC i ʻekolu hana o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ka mānoanoa a me ka hana maʻalahi i nā mea kūkulu hale.

Paʻa wai: hoʻonui i ka manawa wehe o ka mea mālama wai, a kōkua piha i kona hydration.

Mānoanoa: hiki ke mānoanoa ka cellulose a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hopena i luna a i lalo i ke ʻano o ke kau ʻana i ka anti-flow.

Kūkulu: he hopena lubrication ka cellulose, hiki ke hana maikaʻi.ʻAʻole pili ka HPMC i ke ʻano o ka hopena kemika, akā he kuleana kākoʻo wale nō.ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, e pili ana i ka homogeneity o ka mortar, a laila pili i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka lōʻihi o ka mortar paʻakikī.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mortar i ka mortar masonry a ʻo ka plastering mortar he ʻelua ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā mea mortar, ʻo ka noi nui o ka mortar masonry a me ka plastering mortar he masonry structure.E like me ka poloka i loko o ka noi i loko o ke kaʻina hana o nā huahana i loko o ka maloʻo moku'āina, i mea e ho'ēmi i ka maloʻo poloka o ka ikaika wai absorption o ka mortar, kūkulu apono i ka poloka ma mua o prewetting, e ālai i kekahi mau moisture maʻiʻo, e malama i ka makū i loko o ka mortar. e ālai mea excessive absorption, hiki ke mālama maʻamau hydration kūloko gelling mea e like me ka sima mortar.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā kumu e like me nā ʻano poloka like ʻole a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana ma ka pūnaewele e hoʻopilikia i ka nui o ka wai a me ka nalowale o ka wai o ka mortar, kahi e lawe mai ai i ka pilikia huna i ka maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa o ka hale masonry.Hiki i ka mortar me ka paʻa wai maikaʻi ke hoʻopau i ka mana o nā mea poloka a me nā kumu kanaka a hōʻoia i ka homogeneity o ka mortar.

Hōʻike nui ʻia ka mana o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai i ka waiwai paʻakikī o ka mortar i ka mana ma ka wahi kikowaena ma waena o ka mortar a me ka poloka.E like me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai maikaʻi ʻole e nalowale koke ka wai, ʻaʻole lawa ka wai o ka mortar ma ka ʻāpana interface, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha ʻia ka sima, e pili ana i ka ulu maʻamau o ka ikaika.ʻO ka ikaika o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sima ma muli o ka hopena heleuma o nā huahana hydration sima.ʻO ka lawa ʻole o ka hydration o ka sima i loko o ka ʻāpana interface e hōʻemi ana i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka interface, a piʻi ka hanana o ka cavitation mortar a me ka pohā.

No laila, ke koho 'ana i ka 'oi loa o ka pa'a 'ana i ka wai e pono ai ke kūkulu 'ana i ka K brand 'ekolu mau pu'upu'u o ka viscosity 'oko'a, ma o nā 'ano like 'ole o ka holoi 'ana e 'ike 'ia ka helu 'elua o ka lehu i mana'o 'ia, a laila e like me ke 'ano o ka ho'ā'o 'ana i ka wai ma'amau (filter paper method). ) ma ka helu pūʻulu like ʻole o ka lehu maʻiʻo o ka paʻa wai o ʻekolu pūʻulu o nā laʻana e like me kēia:

4.1 ʻO ke ala hoʻokolohua no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai (Kaʻina pepa kānana)

4.1.1 Nā mea hana a me nā mea hana

ʻO ka huihuki sima, ke ana ʻana o ka cylinder, ke kaulike, ka wati, ka ipu hao kuhiliʻole, ka puna, ke apo kila kila (i loko anawaena φ 100 mm × anawaena o waho φ 110 mm × kiʻekiʻe 25 mm, pepa kānana wikiwiki, pepa kānana lohi, pā aniani.

4.1.2 Nā mea a me nā mea hoʻohui

ʻO ka sima Portland maʻamau (425#), ke one maʻamau (ma ka wai maʻemaʻe me ke one lepo ʻole), nā laʻana huahana (HPMC), ka wai maʻemaʻe no ka hoʻokolohua (wai piʻi, wai mineral).

4.1.3 Nā kūlana hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua

Ka wela o ka hale hana: 23±2 ℃;ʻAno haʻahaʻa: ≥ 50%;ʻO 23 ℃ ka wela o ka wai keʻena e like me ka mahana o ka lumi.

4.1.4 Hana hoʻokolohua

E kau i ka papa aniani ma ka papa hana, e kau i ka pepa kānana lohi (kaumaha: M1), a laila e kau i pepa kānana wikiwiki ma luna o ka pepa kānana lohi, a laila e kau i ke apo metala ma luna o ka pepa kānana wikiwiki (ke apo. 'a'ole e oi aku ka po'e i ka pepa kānana wikiwiki.

Ke kaupaona pololei (425#) sima 90 g;ʻO ke one maʻamau 210 g;Huahana (laana) 0.125g;E ninini i loko o kahi pahu kila, e hui maikaʻi (dry mix) a waiho ʻia.

E hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe sima (maʻemaʻe a maloʻo ka hui ʻana o ka ipuhao a me ka lau, kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, maloʻo hoʻokahi, mālama ʻia).E hoʻohana i ka pahu ana e ana i ka 72 ml o ka wai maʻemaʻe (23 ℃), e ninini mua i loko o ka ipu hao, a laila ninini i nā mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a hoʻomoʻa no 30 s;I ka manawa like, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka ipuhao i kahi hui ʻana, e hoʻomaka i ka hui ʻana, a hoʻoulu i ka wikiwiki haʻahaʻa (slow stirring) no 60 s;E hooki i 15 mau kekona i ka slurry mea ma ka paia o ka ipuhao a me ka pahi iloko o ka ipuhao;E hoʻomau i ka hoʻoulu ʻana no 120 s a pau.E ninini koke i ka hamo i hui ʻia i loko o ke apo kila kuhiliʻole, a me ka manawa mai ka manawa e hoʻopili ai ka pahu i ka pepa kānana wikiwiki (e kaomi i ka wati).Ma hope o 2 min, e hoʻohuli i ke apo a lawe i ka pepa kānana mau e kaupaona (ke kaumaha: M2).E hana i ka hoʻokolohua hakahaka e like me ke ʻano o luna (ʻo ke kaumaha o ka pepa kānana maʻamau ma mua a ma hope o ke kaupaona ʻana ʻo M3, M4)

Penei ke ano helu.

Kahi, M1 - ke kaumaha o ka pepa kānana mau ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua laʻana;M2 — Ke kaumaha o ka pepa kānana mau ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua laʻana;M3 — Ke kaumaha o ka pepa kānana mau ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua hakahaka;M4 — Ke kaumaha o ka pepa kānana mau ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua hakahaka.

4.1.5 Hoʻomalu

(1) Pono ka mahana o ka wai maʻemaʻe he 23 ℃, pono ke kaupaona ʻana;

(2) Ma hope o ka hui ʻana, e wehe i ka ipu hao a hui pū me kahi puna.

(3) pono e wikiwiki ka poni, a ku'i palahalaha ka aoao o ka morta;

(4) E hōʻoia i ka manawa o ka mortar i ka manawa e pili ai me ka pepa kānana wikiwiki, mai ninini i ka hamo ma ka pepa kānana waho.

4.2 ka laʻana

ʻO ka mana o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai mai ka viscosity, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka paʻa wai kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka loli o ka lehu ma kahi o 1% ~ 5% ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole e pili i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna hana mālama wai.

5. Ka hopena

I mea e pili pono ai ka maʻamau i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a e hoʻohālikelike i ke ʻano nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ua manaʻo ʻia e:

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kūlana ʻoihana o ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC i nā māka i ka mana lehu, e like me: pae 1 mana lehu <0.010, pae 2 mana lehu <0.050.Ma kēia ala, hiki i nā mea hana ke koho iā lākou iho a hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke loaʻa i nā koho hou aʻe.I kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻonohonohoʻia nā kumukūʻai ma muli o ke kumu o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū, i mea e pale ai i ka hanana o ka huikau iʻa a me ka huikau ma ka mākeke.ʻO ka mea nui ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o nā huahana a me ke kaiapuni.