Zvinoenderana nehuwandu husina kukwana, kuburitswa kwazvino kwenon-ionic cellulose ether kwasvika kupfuura 500,000 matani pasi rose, uyehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMCinosvika 80% ye400,000 matani, China mumakore maviri achangopfuura, nhamba yemakambani yakawedzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi yakakurumidza kuwedzera kusvika kune yazvino inokwana matani 180 000, matani anenge 60 000 ekushandiswa kwepamba, Pane izvi, zvinopfuura mamiriyoni 550. matani anoshandiswa muindasitiri uye anenge 70% anoshandiswa sezvivakwa zvekuwedzera.
Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwezvigadzirwa, iyo ash index inodikanwa yezvigadzirwa inogona kuve yakasiyana, kuitira kuti mukugadzira, kurongeka kwekugadzira zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemhando dzakasiyana siyana kunokonzeresa mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza simba, kuderedzwa kwekushandisa uye. kuderedza emission.
1. Ash content yehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC uye chimiro chayo chiripo
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) maindasitiri emhando yemhando anonzi madota uye pharmacopoeia anonzi sulfate, kureva masara emoto, anogona kungonzwisiswa sekusachena kwemunyu mune chigadzirwa.Kunyanya nekugadzirwa kweakasimba alkali (sodium hydroxide) kuburikidza nekuita kune yekupedzisira gadziriso yepH kuenda kune kwayakarerekera munyu uye mbishi zvinhu zvepakutanga inherent inorganic munyu sum.
Nzira yekusarudza madota akazara;Humwe huwandu hwemasamples hunopiswa muchoto chekushisa chakanyanya mushure mecarbonization, kuitira kuti organic zvinhu zvave oxidized uye kuora, zvichipukunyuka muchimiro checarbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides nemvura, nepo inorganic zvinhu zvichiramba zviri muchimiro che sulfate, phosphate, carbonate. , chloride uye mamwe inorganic munyu uye metal oxides, zvisaririra izvi madota.Iyo yakazara madota ezvinyorwa zvemuenzaniso zvinogona kuverengwa nekuyera zvakasara.
Maererano nemaitiro mukushandiswa kweasidhi yakasiyana uye ichabudisa munyu wakasiyana: kunyanya sodium chloride (nekuita kwe chloride ion mu chloromethane uye sodium hydroxide) uye imwe asidi neutralization inogona kubudisa sodium acetate, sodium sulfide kana sodium oxalate.
2. Ash content zvinodiwa zvehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC inonyanya kushandiswa kuita thickening, emulsifying, firimu kuumba, colloid kudzivirira, kuchengetedza mvura, adhesion, enzyme kuramba uye metabolic inertia, etc. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mundima dzakawanda dzeindasitiri, iyo inogona kukamurwa zvakakamurwa kuita zvinotevera zvinhu. :
(1) Kuvaka: basa guru nderekuchengetedza mvura, kukora, viscosity, lubrication, kuyerera kuvandudza simende uye gypsum workability, kupomba.Architectural coatings, latex coatings inonyanya kushandiswa seyekudzivirira colloid, firimu kugadzira, thickening agent uye pigment kumiswa rubatsiro.
(2) POLYvinyl chloride: inonyanya kushandiswa seanoparadzira mune polymerization maitiro ekumiswa kwepolymerization system.
(3) makemikari ezuva nezuva: anonyanya kushandiswa sezvinyorwa zvinodzivirira, anogona kuvandudza chigadzirwa emulsification, anti-enzyme, kupararira, kusungirirwa, basa repamusoro, kuumba firimu, kunyorova, kupupa, kuumba, kusunungura mumiririri, kupfava, lubricant nezvimwe zvinhu;
(4) indasitiri yemishonga: muindasitiri yemishonga inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira kugadzirwa, segadziriro yakasimba yeajenti yekuputira, hollow capsule capsule material, binder, yegadziriro yeanoramba achiburitsa vamiririri, kugadzira firimu, pore-kukonzeresa agent, se mvura, semi-yakasimba kugadzirira kwekukora, emulsification, kumiswa, matrix application;
(5) Ceramics: inoshandiswa sechisungo chinoumba mumiriri weceramic indasitiri isina chinhu, inoparadzira ruvara rwekupenya;
(6) bepa: kupararira, kuisa mavara, kusimbisa mumiriri;
(7) Textile kudhinda uye dhayi: jira pulp, ruvara, ruvara kuwedzera mumiririri:
(8) mukugadzirwa kwekurima: inoshandiswa mune zvekurima kurapa mbeu yembeu, inogona kuvandudza kumera, inogona kunyorovesa uye kudzivirira mildew, kuchengetedza michero, kusunungurwa kwakasimba kwemakemikari fetiraiza nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene.
Kubva pamhinduro yezviri pamusoro penguva refu yekushandisa ruzivo uye pfupiso yemukati yekutonga zviyero zvemamwe mabhizinesi ekunze uye epamba, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvimwe chete zvigadzirwa zvePVC polymerization uye zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvemazuva ese zvinoda kudzora munyu <0.010, uye pharmacopoeia ye nyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoda kudzora munyu <0.015.Uye kumwe kushandiswa kwekudzora munyu kunogona kuve kwakakura, kunyanya zvigadzirwa zvegiredhi rekuvaka mukuwedzera kune kugadzirwa kweputty, coating munyu ine zvimwe zvinodiwa kunze kwekusara inogona kudzora munyu <0.05 inogona kusangana nekushandiswa.
3. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC maitiro uye nzira yekugadzira
Pane nzira nhatu huru dzekugadzira hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC kumba nekune dzimwe nyika:
(1) Liquid phase method (slurry method): iyo pulverized cellulose poda inoparadzirwa mune dzinenge 10 nguva dze organic solvent mu vertical uye horizontal reactors ane agitation yakasimba, uyezve quantitative alkali solution uye etherifying agent inowedzerwa kuti iite.Mushure mekuita, chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chinoshambidzwa, chakaomeswa, chakapwanyika uye chinosefa nemvura inopisa.
(2) Gasi-chikamu nzira (gasi-yakasimba nzira): maitiro e pulverized cellulose poda inopedzwa muinenge semi-yakaoma mamiriro nekuwedzera zvakananga quantitative lye uye etherifying agent uye kudzoreredza shoma shoma-yakaderera-kubikira ne-zvigadzirwa mu horizontal reactor ine kuzunguza kwakasimba.Hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera organic solvent yemhinduro.Mushure mekuita, chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chinoshambidzwa, chakaomeswa, chakapwanyika uye chinosefa nemvura inopisa.
(3) Homogeneous nzira (dissolution method) : The horizontal inogona kuwedzerwa zvakananga mushure mekupwanya kwe cellulose ine simba rinokurudzira reactor rakapararira mu naoh / urea (kana zvimwe zvinonyungudutsira zve cellulose) inenge 5 ~ 8 nguva yemvura inotonhora inonyungudutsa mu solvent, ipapo kuwedzera quantitative lye uye etherifying agent pakuita, mushure mekuita neacetone precipitation reaction yakanaka cellulose ether, Zvadaro kugeza mvura inopisa, kuomesa, kugaya, kuongorora kuti uwane chigadzirwa chapera.(Hazvisati zvave mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri).
Mhedzisiro inopera zvisinei nekuti ndedzipi nzira dzataurwa pamusoro dzine munyu wakawanda, zvinoenderana nemaitiro akasiyana anogona kuburitsa ndeaya: sodium chloride uye sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, uye zvichingodaro musanganiswa munyu, inoda kuburikidza ne desalination, the kushandiswa kwemunyu mukunyungudika kwemvura, kazhinji nekuwacha kwemvura inopisa, ikozvino michina mikuru uye nzira yekugeza ndeiyi:
(1) Bhandi vacuum sefa;Inoshandiswa kugezesa munyu nekudururira slurry mumvura inopisa uye woisa slurry zvakaenzanirana pasefa bhandi nekupfapfaidza mvura inopisa kubva kumusoro uye kupukuta pasi.
(2) horizontal centrifuge: pakupera kwekuita kwezvinhu zvisina kuchena mumvura inopisa slurry kunyungudutsa munyu yakanyungudutswa nemvura inopisa uyezve kuburikidza nepakati pekupatsanurwa kwemvura uye kwakasimba kupatsanurwa kubvisa munyu.
(3) nepressure sefa, pakupera kwekuita kweiyo crude material muslurry nemvura inopisa, inopinda mupressure sefa, kutanga nemhepo yekufuridza mvura nemvura inopisa yakapfapfaidza N nguva uyezve nemhepo yekufuridza. mvura kuparadzanisa uye kubvisa munyu.
Kugeza mvura inopisa kubvisa munyu yakanyungudika, nekuti kudiwa kujoina mvura inopisa, kugeza, kunowedzera kuderera kwemadota, uye zvimwewo, saka madota ayo anoenderana nekuwanda kwemvura inopisa, iyo general industry. chigadzirwa kana dota kudzora pasi 1% SHANDISA mvura inopisa 10 matani, kana kudzora pasi 5% achada anenge 6 matani mvura inopisa.
Cellulose ether tsvina yemvura kemikari yeokisijeni inoda (COD) yakakwirira se60 000 mg / L, munyu unowedzerawo kupfuura 30 000 mg / L, saka kurapwa kwetsvina yakadaro kunoda kudhura zvakanyanya, nokuti munyu wakadaro wakananga. biochemistry yakaoma, maererano nezvino nyika kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa kurapwa hakubvumidzwi kunyungudika, Iyo yakakosha mhinduro ndeyekubvisa munyu ne distillation.Naizvozvo, imwezve toni yekugeza mvura inofashaira ichabudisa imwe toni yetsvina.Zvinoenderana neazvino tekinoroji yeMUR ine simba rakanyanya kushanda nesimba, kubuda uye kubvisa munyu, mutengo wakakwana wekurapwa kwega kwega kwetani imwe yekugeza yakadzika mvura ingangoita 80 yuan, uye mutengo mukuru kushandisa simba rakazara.
4. Kupesvedzera kwemukati medota pakuchengetedza mvura kwehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
HPMC inonyanya kuita mabasa matatu ekuchengetedza mvura, kukora uye kuvaka kuri nyore mune zvekuvaka.
Kuchengetwa kwemvura: wedzera nguva yekuvhura yemvura yekuchengetedza zvinhu, uye ubatsire zvizere hydration yayo.
Kukora: cellulose inogona kukwiziridzwa kuti imiswe, kuitira kuti mhinduro irambe iine yunifomu kumusoro uye pasi basa rekurembera-kuyerera.
Kuvaka: cellulose ine lubrication effect, inogona kuva nekuvakwa kwakanaka.HPMC haina kubatanidzwa mukuita kwemakemikari maitiro, asi inongotora basa rekutsigira.Iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeyekuchengetwa kwemvura, iyo inokanganisa homogeneity yedhaka, uye zvino inokanganisa michina yemagetsi uye kusimba kwedhaka rakaoma.Dhaka rakakamurwa kuita masonry dhaka uye kupurasita dhaka zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zvedhaka zvinhu, kukosha kwakakosha kwedhaka remasonry uye plastering dhaka chimiro chemasoni.Sechivharo chiri mukushandiswa mukuita kwezvigadzirwa chiri munzvimbo yakaoma, kuitira kuderedza iyo yakaoma block yekunyura kwemvura yakasimba, kuvaka kunotora bhuroko risati ranyorova, kuvhara humwe hunyoro, kuchengetedza hunyoro mudhaka. kuvhara zvinhu zvakanyanyisa kunyura, inogona kuchengetedza yakajairika hydration yemukati gelling zvinhu senge simende dhaka.Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakadai semhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvivharo uye dhigirii ye-pre-wetting panzvimbo inozokanganisa chiyero chekurasikirwa kwemvura uye kurasikirwa kwemvura kwedhaka, izvo zvinounza dambudziko rakavanzika kuhutano hwese hwemasonry chimiro.Iyo dhaka ine yakanakisa kuchengetedza mvura inogona kubvisa pesvedzero yezvivharo zvinhu uye zvinhu zvevanhu uye kuve nechokwadi chakakwana homogeneity yedhaka.
Simba rekuchengetedza mvura pane inoomesa pfuma yedhaka rinonyanya kuratidzwa mukurudziro panzvimbo yeinterface pakati pedhaka uye block.Sezvo dhaka rine kusachengeteka kwemvura rinorasikirwa nemvura nekukurumidza, mvura yedhaka panzvimbo yekubatanidza zviri pachena kuti haina kukwana, uye simende haigone kuve yakazara hydrated, iyo inokanganisa kusimba kwesimba.Kusimba kwechisungo chesimende-yakavakirwa zvinhu zvinonyanya kuenderana neiyo anchoring mhedzisiro yesimende hydration zvigadzirwa.Iyo isina kukwana hydration ye simenti munzvimbo yekubatanidza inoderedza kusimba kwekubatanidza kweiyo interface, uye chiitiko chevhu cavitation uye kuputika kunowedzera.
Naizvozvo, kusarudza iyo inonyanya kunzwisiswa yekuchengeta mvura inodiwa kuvaka K mhando matatu mabheji eakasiyana viscosity, kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuwacha kuti aoneke akafanana batch nhamba mbiri inotarisirwa madota emukati, uyezve maererano neyazvino yakajairika kuchengetedza mvura bvunzo nzira (sefa bepa nzira. ) pane imwechete batch nhamba dzakasiyana madota emukati ekuchengetwa kwemvura kwemapoka matatu emasamples chaiwo seanotevera:
4.1 Kuedza nzira yekuyedza chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura (Sefa mapepa nzira)
4.1.1 Zvishandiso zvekushandisa nemidziyo
Simende musanganisi, silinda yekuyeresa, chiyero, stopwatch, chigadziko chesimbi isina tsvina, chipunu, simbi isina tsvina yemhete mold (yemukati dhayamita φ 100 mm× ekunze dhayamita φ 110 mm× yakakwirira 25 mm, kukurumidza kusefa bepa, inononoka sefa bepa, girazi ndiro.
4.1.2 Zvishandiso uye reagents
Ordinary Portland simende (425 #), jecha rakajairwa (nemvura yakachena isina jecha redhaka), zvigadzirwa samples (HPMC), mvura yakachena yekuyedza (mvura yemupombi, mvura yemamineral).
4.1.3 Mamiriro ekuongorora maitiro
Murabhoritari tembiricha: 23±2 ℃;Hunyoro hunyoro: ≥ 50%;Tembiricha yemvura yemurabhoritari i23 ℃ setembiricha yemumba.
4.1.4 Nzira yekuedza
Isa ndiro yegirazi papuratifomu yekushandisa, isa inononoka sefa bepa (huremu: M1) pairi, wobva waisa kukurumidza kusefa bepa painononoka sefa bepa, wobva waisa simbi mhete mold pabepa rinokurumidza sefa (mhete. mold haifaniri kudarika denderedzwa rinokurumidza sefa bepa).
Kurema chaiko (425#) simende 90 g;Jecha rejecha 210 g;Chigadzirwa (sample) 0.125g;Dururira mumudziyo wesimbi isina tsvina, sanganisa zvakanaka (dry mix) uye uise parutivi.
Shandisa simende paste mixer (kusanganisa poto uye blade yakachena uye yakaoma, imwe neimwe yekuedza mushure mekunyatsochenesa, yakaoma kamwe, yakachengetwa).Shandisa silinda yekuyera kuyera 72 ml mvura yakachena (23 ℃), tanga udira muhari inobvongodza, wozodira zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa, uye soak kwe30 s;Panguva imwecheteyo, simudza pombi panzvimbo yekuvhenganisa, tanga musanganisi, uye fambisa pakaderera (kunonoka kunonoka) kwe60 s;Misa 15 kukwenya zvinhu slurry pamadziro ehari uye blade muhari;Ramba uchikurumidza kumutsa kwe120s kuti umire.Dururira dhaka rose rakasanganiswa mumhete yesimbi isina tsvina nekukurumidza, uye nguva kubva panguva iyo dhaka rabata bepa rinokurumidza kusefa (dzvanya stopwatch).2 min gare gare, shandura mold yemhete uye tora isingaperi sefa bepa kuyera (huremu: M2).Ita kuyedza kusina chinhu maererano nenzira iri pamusoro (huremu hwepepa refirita risati rasvika uye mushure mekuyera M3, M4)
Nzira yekuverenga ndeyotevera:
Kupi, M1 - huremu hwepepa refirita risati ramboedza sampuli;M2 - Huremu hwepepa refirita risingaperi mushure mekuyedza sampuli;M3 - Huremu hwepepa refirita risati raitwa kuyedza;M4 - Huremu hwepepa refirita risingaperi mushure mekuedza kusina chinhu.
4.1.5 Chengetedzo
(1) Tembiricha yemvura yakachena inofanira kuva 23 ℃, kuyera kunofanira kuva kwakarurama;
(2) Kana wapedza kusanganisa, bvisa poto wosanganisa nechipunu.
(3) chakuvhe chacho chinofanira kukurumidza kuitwa, uye rutivi rwedivi redhaka racho rwakapwanyika rwakapwanyika rwakasimba;
(4) Iva nechokwadi chekuisa dhaka panguva yekusangana nekakurumidza sefa bepa, usadira dhaka pabepa resefa.
4.2 muenzaniso
Kufuridzira kwekuchengetedza mvura kunonyanya kunobva kune viscosity, uye high viscosity ichave yakaipa kudarika kuchengetwa kwemvura yakakwirira.Kuchinja-chinja kwemadota muhuwandu hwe1% ~ 5% inenge isingakanganisi chiyero chekuchengetedza mvura, saka hazvizokanganisa kushandiswa kwekuita kwayo kuchengetedza mvura.
5. Mhedziso
Kuti uite kuti chiyero chishande kune chokwadi uye chienderane nekuwedzera kwakasimba maitiro ekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, zvinokurudzirwa kuti:
Iyo yeindasitiri chiyero chehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC yakakamurwa kuita mamakisi mukudzora madota, senge: level 1 control ash <0.010, level 2 control ash <0.050.Nenzira iyi, vagadziri vanogona kusarudza vega uye vashandisi vanogona kuve nesarudzo dzakawanda.Zvichakadaro, mitengo inogona kuiswa maererano nemusimboti wemhando yepamusoro uye mutengo wemakwikwi, kuitira kudzivirira chiitiko chehove-ziso kuvhiringidzika uye kuvhiringidzika mumusika.Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuitira kuti kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa uye zvakatipoteredza zvive zvine ushamwari uye zvinowirirana.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-14-2022