Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, ukukhishwa kwamanje kwe-non-ionic cellulose ether sekufinyelele amathani angaphezu kuka-500,000 emhlabeni jikelele, futhii-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMCakhawunti 80% amathani 400,000, China eminyakeni emibili yamuva nje, inani lezinkampani ziye zandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza ngokushesha wanda ukuze umthamo wamanje mayelana 180 000 amathani, mayelana 60 000 amathani ukusetshenziswa yasekhaya, Kulokhu, ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-550 amathani asetshenziswa embonini futhi cishe ama-70% asetshenziswa njengezithasiselo zokwakha.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuhlukene kwemikhiqizo, izidingo zenkomba yomlotha yemikhiqizo zingahluka, ukuze inqubo yokukhiqiza, inhlangano yokukhiqiza ngokuvumelana nezidingo zamamodeli ahlukene ihambisane nomphumela wokonga amandla, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kanye ukunciphisa ukungcola.
1. Okuqukethwe komlotha kwe-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC kanye nesimo sayo esikhona
I-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) amazinga ekhwalithi yezimboni ebizwa ngokuthi umlotha ne-pharmacopoeia ebizwa ngokuthi i-sulfate, okuyizinsalela ezivuthayo, angaqondwa nje njengokungcola kukasawoti wezinto ezingaphili emkhiqizweni.Ikakhulukazi ngenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-alkali eqinile (i-sodium hydroxide) ngokusabela ekulungisweni kokugcina kwe-pH kusawoti ongathathi hlangothi kanye nesamba soqobo sikasawoti we-inorganic.
Indlela yokunquma umlotha ophelele;Inani elithile lamasampula lishiswa esithandweni sokushisa okuphezulu ngemuva kwe-carbonization, ukuze izinto eziphilayo zifakwe i-oxidized futhi zibole, ziphunyuke ngesimo se-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen oxides namanzi, kuyilapho izinto ezingaphili zihlala zisesimweni se-sulfate, i-phosphate, i-carbonate. , i-chloride namanye ama-salts we-inorganic kanye nama-oxide ensimbi, lezi zinsalela ziwumlotha.Ingqikithi yomlotha wesampula ingabalwa ngokukala okusele.
Ngokusho kwenqubo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-asidi ehlukene futhi izokhiqiza usawoti ohlukile: ikakhulukazi i-sodium chloride (ngokusabela kwe-chloride ion ku-chloromethane ne-sodium hydroxide) nezinye i-asidi neutralization zingakhiqiza i-acetate ye-sodium, i-sodium sulfide noma i-sodium oxalate.
2. Imfuneko yokuqukethwe komlotha ye-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
I-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC isetshenziselwa ukuqina, ukuhlanganisa, ukwenza ifilimu, ukuvikelwa kwe-colloid, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukunamathela, ukumelana nama-enzyme kanye ne-inertia ye-metabolic, njll. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni, engahlukaniswa cishe ibe yizici ezilandelayo. :
(1) Ukwakhiwa: indima eyinhloko ukugcina amanzi, ukuqina, i-viscosity, i-lubrication, ukugeleza kokuthuthukisa usimende nokusebenza kwe-gypsum, ukupompa.Izembatho zezakhiwo, izimbotshana ze-latex zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-colloid evikelayo, ukwakheka kwefilimu, i-agent yokuqina kanye ne-pigment suspension aid.
(2) I-POLYvinyl chloride: isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-disperant ekuphenduleni kwe-polymerization yohlelo lokumiswa kwe-polymerization.
(3) amakhemikhali ansuku zonke: ikakhulukazi asetshenziswa njengezihloko zokuzivikela, angathuthukisa umkhiqizo we-emulsification, i-anti-enzyme, ukusabalalisa, ukubopha, umsebenzi ongaphezulu, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukuthambisa, ukugwedla, ukwakha, i-ejenti yokukhulula, i-softener, i-lubricant nezinye izakhiwo;
(4) embonini yezemithi: embonini yezemithi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa, njengendlela yokulungiselela okuqinile kwe-ejenti enamathelayo, i-capsule capsule impahla engenalutho, i-binder, yohlaka lwama-ejenti okukhululwa okuqhubekayo, ukwakhiwa kwefilimu, i-ejenti ebangela izimbotshana, uketshezi, ukulungiswa kwe-semi-solid yokuqina, i-emulsification, ukumiswa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-matrix;
(5) izitsha zobumba: ezisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokwakha ehlanganisayo ye-ceramic engenalutho yezimboni, eyisabalalisa umbala ocwebezelayo;
(6) iphepha: ukuhlakazwa, umbala, ukuqinisa;
(7) Ukuphrinta kwendwangu kanye nokudaya: i-pulp yendwangu, umbala, i-ejenti yokwandisa umbala:
(8) ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo: esetshenziswa kwezolimo ukwelapha imbewu yezitshalo, ingathuthukisa izinga lokuhluma, ingathambisa futhi ivimbele isikhutha, ukulondolozwa kwezithelo, ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo komanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane.
Kusukela empendulweni yokuhlangenwe nakho okungenhla kwesicelo sesikhathi eside nesifinyezo samazinga okulawula angaphakathi kwamanye amabhizinisi angaphandle nasekhaya, kungabonakala ukuthi imikhiqizo ethile kuphela ye-PVC polymerization kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke edinga ukulawulwa kukasawoti <0.010, kanye ne-pharmacopoeia of amazwe ahlukahlukene adinga ukulawula usawoti <0.015.Futhi okunye ukusetshenziswa kokulawula usawoti kungaba banzi uma kuqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo yebanga lokwakha ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwe-putty, usawoti wokugcoba unezidingo ezithile ngaphandle kokunye ungalawula usawoti <0.05 ngokuyisisekelo ungahlangabezana nokusetshenziswa.
3. Inqubo ye-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC ekhaya naphesheya:
(1) Indlela yesigaba samanzi (indlela ye-slurry): i-pulverized cellulose powder ihlakazeka ezikhathini ezingaba ngu-10 ze-solvent ephilayo kuma-reactors aqondile navundlile anokuyaluzela okuqinile, bese kwengezwa isixazululo se-alkali esilinganiselwe kanye ne-etherifying agent ukuze kuphenduleke.Ngemuva kokusabela, umkhiqizo oqediwe uyagezwa, womiswe, uchotshozwe futhi uhlungwe ngamanzi ashisayo.
(2) Indlela yesigaba segesi (indlela ye-gas-solid) : ukusabela kwempushana ye-cellulose egayiwe kuqedwa cishe endaweni eyomile ngokwengeza ngokuqondile i-lye yomthamo kanye ne-ejenti e-etherifying kanye nokuthola inani elincane lemikhiqizo ebilayo ebilisa kancane endaweni i-reactor evundlile enokuyaluza okuqinile.Asikho isidingo sokwengeza i-solvent ephilayo yokusabela.Ngemuva kokusabela, umkhiqizo oqediwe ugezwa, womiswe, uchotshozwe futhi uhlungwe ngamanzi ashisayo.
(3) Indlela ye-homogeneous (indlela yokuhlakazeka) : Evundlile ingangezwa ngokuqondile ngemva kokuchotshozwa kwe-cellulose nge-reactor eshukumisayo eqinile ehlakazeke ku-naoh/urea (noma ezinye izincibilikisi ze-cellulose) cishe izikhathi ezingu-5 ~ 8 ze-solvent yamanzi efriza ku-solvent, bese ukwengeza i-lye eningi kanye ne-etherifying ejenti ekuphenduleni, ngemva kokusabela nge-acetone precipitation reaction good cellulose ether, Bese ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo, ukomisa, ukugaya, ukuhlola ukuze uthole umkhiqizo ophelile.(Ayikakabikho emkhiqizweni wezimboni).
Ukuphela kokusabela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezindlela ezishiwo ngenhla ezinosawoti omningi, ngokusho kwenqubo ehlukene engakhiqiza yilezi: i-sodium chloride ne-sodium acetate, i-sodium sulfide, i-sodium oxalate, nokunye ukuxuba usawoti, okudingekayo ngokusebenzisa i-desalination, ukusetshenziswa kukasawoti ekuncibilikeni kwamanzi, ngokuvamile ngokuwashwa okuningi kwamanzi ashisayo, manje imishini eyinhloko nendlela yokugeza yilezi:
(1) Isihlungi sevacuum yebhande;Isetshenziselwa ukugeza usawoti ngokuthela izinto ezingavuthiwe odongeni ngamanzi ashisayo bese ubeka udaka ngokulinganayo ebhandeni lokuhlunga ngokufafaza amanzi ashisayo kusuka phezulu futhi uhlanze phansi.
(2) i-centrifuge evundlile: ekupheleni kokusabela kwezinto ezingahluziwe zibe udaka emanzini ashisayo ukuze kuncibilike usawoti oncibilikisiwe ngamanzi ashisayo bese ngokusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa okumaphakathi koketshezi nokuhlukaniswa okuqinile ukuze kukhishwe usawoti.
(3) ngesihlungi se-pressure, ekupheleni kokusabela kwento engahluziwe ingene odaka ngamanzi ashisayo, ingene kusihlungi sokucindezela, kuqala ngesitimu sokufutha amanzi ngesifutho samanzi ashisayo izikhathi ezingu-N bese kuthi ngesitimu sifuthe. amanzi ukuze ahlukanise futhi asuse usawoti.
Ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo ukususa usawoti oncibilikisiwe, ngoba isidingo sokujoyina amanzi ashisayo, ukugeza, kulapho kulapho aphansi khona okuqukethwe komlotha, futhi okuphambene nalokho, ngakho umlotha wawo uhlobene ngokuqondile nokuthi ingakanani inani lamanzi ashisayo, imboni jikelele. umkhiqizo uma ukulawula umlotha ngaphansi kuka-1% USEBENZISA amanzi ashisayo amathani ayi-10, uma ukulawula ngaphansi kuka-5% kuzodinga amathani angu-6 ashisayo.
Isidingo se-cellulose ether waste water chemical oxygen demand (COD) siphezulu njenge-60 000 mg/L, okuqukethwe kukasawoti nakho kungaphezu kuka-30 000 mg/L, ngakho-ke ukulashwa kwendle enjalo kudinga izindleko eziphezulu kakhulu, ngoba usawoti ophakeme kangaka uqondile. I-biochemistry inzima, ngokwezidingo zamanje zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kazwelonke ukwelashwa akuvunyelwe ukuncibilika, Isixazululo esiyisisekelo ukukhipha usawoti ngokugcotshwa.Ngakho-ke, ithani elilodwa ngaphezulu lokugeza amanzi abilayo lizokhiqiza ithani elilodwa lokukhuculula indle.Ngokobuchwepheshe bamanje be-MUR obusebenzisa amandla aphezulu, ukuhwamuka nokususwa kukasawoti, izindleko eziphelele zokwelashwa ngakunye kwethani elingu-1 lamanzi agxilile okugeza zingamayuan angama-80, futhi izindleko eziyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele.
4. Umthelela wokuqukethwe komlotha ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
I-HPMC idlala ikakhulukazi izindima ezintathu zokugcina amanzi, ukujiya kanye nokwakha okulula ezintweni zokwakha.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi: ukwandisa isikhathi sokuvula sezinto zokugcina amanzi, futhi usize ngokugcwele ukugeleza kwayo.
Ukuqina: i-cellulose ingagqitshwa ukuze imiswe, ukuze ikhambi lihlale lifana phezulu naphansi indima yokulengiswa kokunqanda ukugeleza.
Ukwakhiwa: i-cellulose inomphumela wokugcoba, ingaba nokwakhiwa okuhle.I-HPMC ayibandakanyeki endleleni ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngayo, kodwa idlala indima yokusekela kuphela.Okubaluleke kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi, okuthinta i-homogeneity yodaka, bese kuthinta izakhiwo zemishini nokuqina kodaka oluqinile.Udaka luhlukaniswe lwaba udaka lwamatshe futhi udaka lokunamathisela luyizingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile zezinto zodaka, ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kodaka lwamatshe kanye nodaka lokunamathisela kuyisakhiwo sokwakha.Njengoba i-block ekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo yemikhiqizo isesimweni esomile, ukuze kuncishiswe ibhulokhi elomile lokumuncwa kwamanzi anamandla odaka, ukwakhiwa kuthatha ibhulokhi ngaphambi kokumanzisa, ukuvimba okuqukethwe okuthile komswakama, gcina umswakama odongeni. ukuvimba ukumuncwa ngokweqile kwempahla, kungagcina i-hydration evamile yangaphakathi ye-gelling material njengosimende nosimende.Kodwa-ke, izici ezifana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhulokhi kanye nezinga lokumanzisa ngaphambilini esizeni kuzothinta izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi odaka, okuzoletha izinkinga ezifihliwe kukhwalithi iyonke yesakhiwo somashi.Udaka olunokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu lungaqeda ithonya lezinto zokuvimba kanye nezici zomuntu futhi luqinisekise i-homogeneity eyanele yodaka.
Umthelela wokugcinwa kwamanzi endaweni eqinile yodaka ubonakala ngokuyinhloko ethonyeni lendawo yesixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kodaka nebhulokhi.Njengoba udaka olunamanzi angagcini kahle lulahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha, okuqukethwe kwamanzi odaka endaweni yesixhumi esibonakalayo akwanele, futhi usimende awukwazi ukugcwala amanzi ngokugcwele, okuthinta ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwamandla.Amandla okubopha izinto ezisekelwe kusimende ikakhulukazi ancike emthelela wokumisa wemikhiqizo usimende.I-hydration enganele ye-cement endaweni ye-interface inciphisa amandla okubopha esibonakalayo, futhi i-phenomenon ye-mortar cavitation kanye nokuqhekeka kwanda.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha ebucayi kakhulu imfuneko yokugcinwa kwamanzi isakhiwo K brand amaqoqo amathathu viscosity ezahlukene, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukugeza avele inombolo yenqwaba efanayo okulindelwe umlotha okulindelekile, bese ngokusho indlela yamanje evamile yokuhlola ukugcinwa kwamanzi (iphepha lokuhlunga indlela ) enombolweni efanayo yenqwaba yokuqukethwe komlotha okuhlukile kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwamaqembu amathathu amasampuli okucaciswe kanje:
4.1 Indlela yokuhlola yokuhlola izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi (Indlela yephepha lokuhlunga)
4.1.1 Amathuluzi nempahla yokusebenza
Isixube sikasimende, isilinda sokulinganisa, ibhalansi, isitophuwashi, isitsha sensimbi engagqwali, isipuni, isikhunta sendandatho yensimbi engagqwali (ububanzi obungaphakathi φ 100 mm× ububanzi obungaphandle φ 110 mm× ukuphakama 25 mm, iphepha lokuhlunga elisheshayo, iphepha lokuhlunga elihamba kancane, ipuleti lengilazi.
4.1.2 Izimpahla kanye nama-reagents
Ojwayelekile usimende wasePortland (425#), isihlabathi esijwayelekile (ngamanzi ahlanzekile angenaso isihlabathi sodaka), amasampula omkhiqizo (HPMC), amanzi ahlanzekile okuhlolwa (amanzi ompompi, amanzi amaminerali).
4.1.3 Izimo zokuhlaziya zokuhlola
Izinga lokushisa elabhorethri: 23±2 ℃;Umswakama ohlobene: ≥ 50%;Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elabhorethri lingu-23 ℃ njengegumbi lokushisa.
4.1.4 Indlela yokuhlola
Faka ipuleti lengilazi endaweni yokusebenza, ubeke iphepha lokuhlunga elihamba kancane (isisindo: M1) kulo, bese ufaka iphepha lokuhlunga elisheshayo ephepheni lokuhlunga, bese ufaka isikhunta sensimbi sensimbi ephepheni lokuhlunga elisheshayo (indandatho. isikhunta akufanele seqe isiyingi sephepha lokuhlunga okusheshayo).
Isisindo esinembile (425#) usimende 90 g;Isihlabathi esijwayelekile 210 g;Umkhiqizo (isampula) 0.125g;Thela esitsheni sensimbi engagqwali, hlanganisa kahle (ingxube eyomile) bese uyibeka eceleni.
Sebenzisa i-mixer yokunamathisela usimende (imbiza yokuxuba ne-blade ihlanzekile futhi yomile, ukuhlolwa ngakunye ngemva kokuhlanza kahle, komile kanye, kugodliwe).Sebenzisa isilinda sokulinganisa ukukala ama-72 ml amanzi ahlanzekile (23 ℃), qala uthele ebhodweni elinyakazayo, bese uthela izinto ezilungisiwe, bese ucwilisa imizuzwana engama-30;Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakamisa ibhodwe endaweni yokuxuba, qalisa i-mixer, futhi uqhube ngesivinini esiphansi (ukuvuselela kancane) ku-60 s;Misa i-15 scrape i-slurry ebonakalayo odongeni lwebhodwe kanye ne-blade ebhodweni;Qhubeka ugqugquzela ngokushesha amasekhondi angu-120 ukuze ume.Thela lonke udaka oluxubile esibunjeni sensimbi engagqwali ngokushesha, kanye nesikhathi kusukela lapho udaka luthinta iphepha lokuhlunga elisheshayo (cindezela isitophuwashi).Ngemva kwemizuzu engu-2, vula isikhunta esiyingini bese ukhipha iphepha lokuhlunga elingapheli ukuze ukale (isisindo: M2).Yenza isilingo esingenalutho ngokwendlela engenhla (isisindo sephepha lokuhlunga okungamahlalakhona ngaphambi nangemva kokukala ngu-M3, M4)
Indlela yokubala imi kanje:
Lapho, i-M1 - isisindo sephepha lesihlungi esingamahlalakhona ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwesampula;I-M2 - Isisindo sephepha lokuhlunga elingapheli ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesampula;I-M3 - Isisindo sephepha lokuhlunga elingapheli ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okungenalutho;I-M4 — Isisindo sephepha lesihlungi esingamahlalakhona ngemva kokuhlolwa okungenalutho.
4.1.5 Izinyathelo zokuqapha
(1) Ukushisa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kufanele kube ngu-23 ℃, isisindo kufanele sinembile;
(2) Ngemva kokuhlanganisa, susa ibhodwe lokuxuba futhi ugovuze ngokulinganayo ngesipuni.
(3) isikhunta kufanele sisheshe, futhi uhlangothi lodaka lugxotshwe luqine luqine;
(4) Qiniseka ukuthi ubeka isikhathi udaka ngesikhathi uthintana nephepha lokuhlunga ngokushesha, ungawutheli udaka ephepheni lokuhlunga langaphandle.
4.2 isampula
Ithonya lokugcinwa kwamanzi ikakhulukazi livela ku-viscosity, futhi i-viscosity ephezulu izoba yimbi kakhulu kunokugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu.Ukushintshashintsha kokuqukethwe komlotha ebangeni lika-1%~5% cishe akuthinti izinga layo lokugcinwa kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ngeke kuphazamise ukusetshenziswa kokugcinwa kwamanzi.
5.Isiphetho
Ukuze kwenziwe izinga lisebenze kakhudlwana kokungokoqobo futhi lihambisane nenkambiso ekhulayo yokonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi:
Izinga lezimboni ze-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC ihlukaniswe ngamamaki ekulawuleni umlotha, njengalokhu: izinga 1 lokulawula umlotha <0.010, izinga 2 lokulawula umlotha <0.050.Ngale ndlela, abakhiqizi bangakhetha ngokwabo futhi abasebenzisi bangaba nokukhetha okuningi.Khonamanjalo, amanani entengo angasethwa ngokusekelwe kumgomo wekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nenani elincintisanayo, ukuze kuvinjwe isimo sokudideka kwamehlo ezinhlanzi kanye nokudideka emakethe.Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kanye nemvelo kube nobungane futhi kuvumelana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-14-2022