Phulusa la hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kutulutsa kwaposachedwa kwa cellulose ether sikufika matani oposa 500,000 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipohydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMCnkhani 80% ya matani 400,000, China posachedwapa zaka ziwiri, chiwerengero cha makampani kukodzedwa mphamvu kupanga mofulumira kukodzedwa kwa mphamvu panopa pafupifupi 180 000 matani, pafupifupi 60 000 matani mowa m'nyumba, Mwa ichi, oposa 550 miliyoni matani amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ndipo pafupifupi 70% amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera.

Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosiyanasiyana kwa zinthuzo, zofunikira za phulusa lazinthuzo zimatha kukhala zosiyana, kotero kuti popanga, bungwe lopanga zinthu molingana ndi zofunikira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana limathandizira kupulumutsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu. kuchepetsa umuna.

1. Phulusa la hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe alipo

Miyezo yapamwamba ya Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) yotchedwa phulusa ndi pharmacopoeia yotchedwa sulfate, yomwe ndi zotsalira zoyaka moto, imatha kumveka ngati zonyansa zamchere zomwe zili muzinthuzo.Makamaka ndi kupanga ndondomeko amphamvu alkali (sodium hydroxide) mwa anachita kusintha komaliza pH kuti ndale mchere ndi zopangira choyambirira chibadidwe inorganic mchere ndalama.

Njira yodziwira phulusa lathunthu;Zitsanzo zina zimatenthedwa mu ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri pambuyo pa carbonization, kotero kuti zinthu zakuthupi zimakhudzidwa ndi oxidized ndi kuwonongeka, kuthawa mu mawonekedwe a carbon dioxide, nayitrogeni oxides ndi madzi, pamene zinthu zopanda chilengedwe zimakhala ngati sulfate, phosphate, carbonate. , kloridi ndi mchere wina wachilengedwe ndi ma oxides achitsulo, zotsalirazi ndi phulusa.Phulusa lathunthu lachitsanzo likhoza kuwerengedwa poyesa zotsalira.

Malinga ndi ndondomeko mu ntchito asidi osiyana ndipo adzabala mchere wosiyana: makamaka sodium kolorayidi (ndi zimene kolorayidi ion mu chloromethane ndi sodium hydroxide) ndi zina asidi neutralization akhoza kutulutsa sodium acetate, sodium sulfide kapena sodium oxalate.

2. Zofunikira za phulusa la hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC zimagwiritsa ntchito thickening, emulsifying, filimu kupanga, colloid chitetezo, posungira madzi, adhesion, enzyme kukana ndi kagayidwe kachakudya inertia, etc. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ambiri amakampani, omwe angagawidwe pafupifupi m'magulu otsatirawa. :

(1) Kumanga: ntchito yaikulu ndi kusunga madzi, thickening, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, lubrication, otaya kusintha simenti ndi gypsum workability, kupopera.Zopangira zomangamanga, zokutira za latex zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati colloid yoteteza, kupanga filimu, thickening agent ndi pigment kuyimitsidwa thandizo.

(2) POLYvinyl kolorayidi: makamaka ntchito ngati dispersant mu polymerization anachita ya kuyimitsidwa polymerization dongosolo.

(3) mankhwala tsiku: makamaka ntchito ngati nkhani zoteteza, akhoza kusintha mankhwala emulsification, odana enzyme, kubalalitsidwa, kugwirizana, pamwamba ntchito, kupanga filimu, moisturizing, thovu, kupanga, kumasulidwa wothandizila, softener, lubricant ndi katundu wina;

(4) makampani opanga mankhwala: mu makampani mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera kupanga, monga kukonzekera olimba ❖ kuyanika wothandizila, dzenje kapisozi kapisozi zakuthupi, binder, kwa chimango cha kupitiriza kumasulidwa wothandizila, filimu kupanga, pore-oyambitsa wothandizira, monga madzi, theka-olimba kukonzekera thickening, emulsification, kuyimitsidwa, masanjidwewo ntchito;

(5) ziwiya zadothi: ntchito ngati mgwirizano n'kupanga wothandizila za ceramic mafakitale akusowekapo, dispersant wa mtundu glaze;

(6) pepala: kubalalitsidwa, mitundu, kulimbikitsa wothandizira;

(7) Kusindikiza kwa nsalu ndi kudaya: nsalu zamkati, mtundu, wowonjezera mtundu:

(8) mu ulimi ulimi: ntchito ulimi kuchitira mbewu mbewu, akhoza kusintha kumera mlingo, akhoza moisturize ndi kupewa mildew, kuteteza zipatso, kumasulidwa kumasulidwa kwa feteleza mankhwala ndi mankhwala.

Kuchokera ku ndemanga za zomwe zili pamwambazi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso chidule cha malamulo a mkati mwa mabizinesi ena akunja ndi apakhomo, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti zinthu zina za PVC polymerization ndi mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku zimafuna kulamulira mchere <0.010, ndi pharmacopoeia ya mayiko osiyanasiyana amafuna kulamulira mchere <0.015.Ndipo ntchito zina zowongolera mchere zitha kukhala zokulirapo, makamaka zopangira kalasi yomanga kuwonjezera pakupanga kwa putty, kupaka mchere kumakhala ndi zofunikira zina kunja kwa enawo kumatha kuwongolera mchere <0.05 imatha kukwaniritsa ntchitoyo.

3. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC ndondomeko ndi kupanga njira

Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zopangira hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC kunyumba ndi kunja:

(1) Madzi gawo njira (njira slurry): ndi pulverized mapadi ufa amamwazikana pafupifupi 10 nthawi organic zosungunulira mu ofukula ndi yopingasa reactors ndi mukubwadamuka mukubwadamuka, ndiyeno kachulukidwe zamchere njira ndi etherifying wothandizila anawonjezera anachita.Pambuyo pazimenezi, chomalizidwacho chimatsukidwa, chouma, chophwanyika ndi sieved ndi madzi otentha.

(2) Gasi-gawo njira (gasi-olimba njira): zochita za pulverized cellulose ufa anamaliza pafupifupi theka-youma dziko mwachindunji kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa lye ndi etherifying agent ndi kuchira pang'ono otsika otentha ndi mankhwala mu a yopingasa riyakitala ndi amphamvu mukubwadamuka.Palibe chifukwa chowonjezera organic zosungunulira zomwe zimachitika.Pambuyo pazimenezi, chomalizidwacho chimatsukidwa, chouma, chophwanyika ndi sieved ndi madzi otentha.

(3) Homogeneous njira (njira kuvunda) : The yopingasa akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji pambuyo kuphwanya mapadi ndi amphamvu oyambitsa riyakitala anamwazikana naoh/urea (kapena zosungunulira zina za mapadi) za 5 ~ 8 nthawi madzi kuzizira zosungunulira mu zosungunulira, ndiye kuwonjezera kachulukidwe lye ndi etherifying wothandizila pa anachita, pambuyo anachita ndi acetone mpweya anachita zabwino mapadi efa, Ndiye madzi otentha kutsuka, kuyanika, akupera, kuwunika kupeza yomalizidwa mankhwala.(Sizinayambe kupanga mafakitale).

Zomwe zimathera ngakhale zigwiritse ntchito mitundu yanji ya njira zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri, malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingatulutsire ndi: sodium kolorayidi ndi sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, ndi zina zotero, mchere wosakaniza umafunika kudzera mu desalination. kugwiritsa ntchito mchere m'madzi osungunuka, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsuka ndi madzi otentha ambiri, tsopano zida zazikulu ndi njira yotsuka ndi:

(1) Fyuluta ya vacuum ya lamba;Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka mcherewo pothira zinthuzo mu slurry ndi madzi otentha ndikuyala slurry mofanana pa lamba wa fyuluta popopera madzi otentha kuchokera pamwamba ndi vacuuming pansi.

(2) yopingasa centrifuge: izo ndi mapeto a zimene yaiwisi zipangizo mu madzi otentha slurry kuti kuchepetsa kusungunuka mchere ndi madzi otentha ndiyeno kupyolera centrifugal kulekana kwa madzi ndi olimba kulekana kuchotsa mchere.

(3) ndi fyuluta yamagetsi, pamapeto pake zomwe zinthu zopanda pake zimachita mu slurry ndi madzi otentha, zimalowa muzosefera, choyamba ndi nthunzi kuwomba madzi ndi madzi otentha nthawi ya N ndiyeno ndi nthunzi kuwomba. madzi kupatukana ndi kuchotsa mchere.

Kutsuka madzi otentha kuchotsa kusungunuka mchere, chifukwa ayenera kujowina madzi otentha, kutsuka, m'pamenenso m'pamenenso m'pamenenso m'munsi phulusa zili, ndi mosemphanitsa, kotero phulusa lake mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi otentha, ambiri mafakitale. mankhwala ngati kulamulira phulusa pansi 1% AMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO madzi otentha matani 10, ngati ulamuliro pansi 5% adzafunika za 6 matani madzi otentha.

Ma cellulose etere zinyalala madzi mankhwala kufunika kwa okosijeni (COD) ndi mkulu monga 60 000 mg/L, mchere zilinso kuposa 30 000 mg/L, choncho mankhwala a zimbudzi amenewa ayenera kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa mchere mkulu wotere. biochemistry ndizovuta, malinga ndi zomwe dziko lino likufuna kuteteza zachilengedwe, chithandizo sichiloledwa kuchepetsedwa, Njira yayikulu ndikuchotsa mchere ndi distillation.Choncho, tani imodzi yowonjezera yotsuka madzi otentha idzatulutsa tani imodzi ya zimbudzi.Malinga ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa wa MUR wokhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo, kutulutsa mpweya komanso kuchotsa mchere, mtengo wokwanira wamankhwala aliwonse a 1 toni ya kutsuka madzi okhazikika ndi pafupifupi 80 yuan, ndipo mtengo wake waukulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse.

4. Mphamvu ya phulusa posungira madzi a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC

HPMC makamaka imagwira ntchito zitatu zosungira madzi, kukhuthala komanso kumanga koyenera pazomangira.

Kusungirako madzi: onjezerani nthawi yotsegulira ya zinthu zosungira madzi, ndikuthandizira mokwanira hydration yake.

Makulidwe: mapadi amatha kukulitsidwa kuti ayimitsidwe, kotero kuti yankho limakhalabe yunifolomu mmwamba ndi pansi udindo wa anti-otaya yopachikidwa.

Zomangamanga: cellulose imakhala ndi mafuta, imatha kupanga bwino.HPMC sichimakhudzidwa ndi momwe ma chemical reactions amachitikira, koma amangothandiza.Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusunga madzi, zomwe zimakhudza homogeneity ya matope, ndiyeno zimakhudza makina ndi kukhazikika kwa matope ouma.Mtondo umagawidwa kukhala matope omangira ndipo matope opaka ndi zigawo ziwiri zofunika za zida zamatope, ntchito yofunikira ya matope omanga ndi pulasitala ndi matope.Monga chipika mu ntchito mu ndondomeko ya mankhwala ndi mu boma youma, pofuna kuchepetsa youma chipika cha amphamvu madzi mayamwidwe matope, zomangamanga utenga chipika pamaso prewetting, kuletsa ena chinyezi okhutira, kusunga chinyezi mu matope. kutsekereza zakuthupi monyanyira mayamwidwe, akhoza kukhala yachibadwa hydration mkati gelling zakuthupi monga simenti matope.Komabe, zinthu monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya midadada ndi kuchuluka kwa kunyowetsa chisanadze pamalowo kudzakhudza kuchuluka kwa madzi otayika komanso kutayika kwamadzi mumatope, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zobisika kumtundu wonse wa zomangamanga.Mtondo wokhala ndi madzi osungira bwino kwambiri ukhoza kuthetsa chikoka cha zida zotchinga ndi zinthu zaumunthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti matope ali ndi homogeneity yokwanira.

Chikoka cha kusungidwa kwa madzi pa katundu wowumitsa wa matope makamaka amawonekera mu chikoka cha malo olumikizirana pakati pa matope ndi chipika.Monga matope omwe ali ndi madzi osungira bwino amataya madzi mwamsanga, madzi omwe ali mumatope pa malo owonetserako mwachiwonekere ndi osakwanira, ndipo simentiyo sichitha kukhala ndi madzi okwanira, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa mphamvu.Kulimba kwa zida zopangira simenti kumatengera kulimba kwa zinthu za simenti.The osakwanira hydration simenti m'dera mawonekedwe amachepetsa kugwirizana mphamvu ya mawonekedwe, ndi chodabwitsa cha matope cavitation ndi akulimbana ukuwonjezeka.

Choncho, kusankha tcheru kwambiri madzi posungira chofunika nyumba K mtundu magulu atatu a kukhuthala kosiyana, kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana zotsuka kuwoneka ofanana mtanda nambala awiri akuyembekezeka zili phulusa, ndiyeno malinga ndi panopa wamba madzi posungira mayeso njira (zosefera pepala njira. ) pa batch yomweyi nambala yosiyana ya phulusa la kusunga madzi kwa magulu atatu a zitsanzo zenizeni motere:

4.1 Njira yoyesera yoyezera kuchuluka kwa kusungidwa kwa madzi (Njira ya pepala losefera)

4.1.1 Zida zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zida

Chosakaniza simenti, silinda yoyezera, choyezera, choyimitsa, chidebe chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, supuni, nkhungu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (m'mimba mwake φ 100 mm× kunja kwake φ 110 mm× mkulu 25 mm, pepala losefa mwachangu, pepala losefera pang'onopang'ono, mbale yagalasi.

4.1.2 Zipangizo ndi ma reagents

Simenti wamba ku Portland (425 #), mchenga wamba (m'madzi oyera opanda mchenga wamatope), zitsanzo zazinthu (HPMC), madzi oyera oyesera (madzi apampopi, madzi amchere).

4.1.3 Mikhalidwe yowunikira kuyesa

Laborator kutentha: 23 ± 2 ℃;Chinyezi chachibale: ≥ 50%;Kutentha kwa madzi a labotale ndi 23 ℃ ngati kutentha kwachipinda.

4.1.4 Njira yoyesera

Ikani mbale yagalasi pa nsanja yogwiritsira ntchito, ikani pepala la fyuluta pang'onopang'ono (kulemera: M1) pamenepo, ndiyeno ikani pepala la fyuluta yofulumira pa pepala la fyuluta pang'onopang'ono, ndiyeno ikani nkhungu yachitsulo pa pepala lofulumira (mpheteyo). nkhungu zisapitirire pepala lozungulira lozungulira mwachangu).

Kulemera molondola (425 #) simenti 90 g;Mchenga wokhazikika 210 g;Mankhwala (chitsanzo) 0.125g;Thirani mu chidebe chosapanga dzimbiri, sakanizani bwino (kusakaniza kowuma) ndikuyika pambali.

Ntchito simenti phala chosakanizira (kusakaniza mphika ndi tsamba ndi woyera ndi youma, aliyense kuyesera pambuyo kuyeretsa bwinobwino, youma kamodzi, zosungidwa).Gwiritsani ntchito silinda yoyezera kuti muyeze 72 ml madzi oyera (23 ℃), choyamba tsanulirani mumphika wosonkhezera, kenaka tsanulirani zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa, ndi zilowerere kwa 30 s;Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kwezani mphika kumalo osakaniza, yambani chosakaniza, ndikuyambitsani mofulumira (pang'onopang'ono kuyambitsa) kwa 60 s;Imani 15 slurry zakuthupi pakhoma mphika ndi tsamba mu mphika;Pitirizani kuyambitsa mwachangu kwa mphindi 120 kuti muyime.Thirani matope onse osakanizika mu nkhungu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mwachangu, ndipo nthawi kuchokera pomwe matope akhudza pepala losefa mwachangu (kanikizani wotchi).2 min kenako, tembenuzirani nkhungu ya mphete ndikuchotsa pepala losatha kuti muyese kulemera (kulemera: M2).Yesetsani popanda kanthu molingana ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa (kulemera kwa pepala losefera osatha musanayambe komanso mutatha kuyeza ndi M3, M4)

Njira yowerengera ili motere:

Kumene, M1 - kulemera kwa pepala fyuluta aakulu pamaso kuyesera chitsanzo;M2 - Kulemera kwa pepala losefera osatha pambuyo poyeserera;M3 - Kulemera kwa pepala losefera osatha musanayese kuyesa;M4 - Kulemera kwa pepala losefera osatha pambuyo poyesera popanda kanthu.

4.1.5 Kusamala

(1) Kutentha kwa madzi oyera kuyenera kukhala 23 ℃, masekeli ayenera kukhala olondola;

(2) Mukasakaniza, chotsani poto ndikugwedeza mofanana ndi supuni.

(3) nkhunguyo iyenera kukhala yofulumira, ndipo mbali ya mbali ya matope yopunthira mosadukiza;

(4) Onetsetsani kuti nthawi matope pa nthawi kukhudzana ndi mofulumira fyuluta pepala, musathire matope pa pepala fyuluta kunja.

4.2 chitsanzo

Chikoka cha kusungirako madzi makamaka chimachokera ku viscosity, ndipo kukhuthala kwakukulu kudzakhala koipa kuposa kusungirako madzi ambiri.Kusinthasintha kwa phulusa pamlingo wa 1% ~ 5% pafupifupi sikukhudza kuchuluka kwa kusungirako madzi, kotero sikungakhudze kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kusunga madzi.

5.Mapeto

Pofuna kupangitsa kuti muyesowu ukhale wogwirizana ndi zenizeni komanso kuti ugwirizane ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwachitetezo champhamvu komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, akuti:

Muyezo wa mafakitale wa hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC wagawidwa m'makalasi akuwongolera phulusa, monga: mlingo 1 wowongolera phulusa <0.010, mlingo 2 wowongolera phulusa <0.050.Mwanjira iyi, opanga amatha kusankha okha ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha zambiri.Pakalipano, mitengo ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa potengera mfundo yamtengo wapatali komanso mtengo wopikisana, kuti ateteze zochitika za chisokonezo cha maso a nsomba ndi chisokonezo pamsika.Chofunika kwambiri ndikuteteza mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, kuti kupanga zinthu ndi chilengedwe zikhale zaubwenzi komanso zogwirizana.