Iyini i-hydrocolloid eyenziwe?

Ama-Hydrocolloid ngokuvamile akhiwa ama-molecule amaketanga amade anengxenye ye-hydrophilic (eheha amanzi) futhi angase abe nezifunda ze-hydrophobic (ezixosha amanzi).Lawa ma-molecule angatholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yemvelo noma yokwenziwa futhi ayakwazi ukwenza ama-gel noma ama-viscous dispersions lapho ehlakazeka emanzini noma ezixazululweni ezinamanzi.

Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zama-hydrocolloids nemithombo yawo:

1. Ama-Polysaccharides:
   • I-agar: Itholakala olwandle, i-agar iqukethe ngokuyinhloko i-agarose ne-agaropectin, okuyi-polysaccharides eyakhiwe amayunithi aphindaphindayo e-galactose kanye noshukela we-galactose oguquliwe.
   • I-alginate: Itholakala kulwelwe olunsundu, i-alginate iyi-polysaccharide eyakhiwe ngamayunithi e-mannuronic acid nama-guluronic acid, ahlelwe ngokulandelana okushintshanayo.
   • I-Pectin: Itholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezithelo, i-pectin iyi-polysaccharide eyinkimbinkimbi eyakhiwe amayunithi e-galacturonic acid anamazinga ahlukahlukene e-methylation.
2. Amaprotheni:
   • I-Gelatin: Itholakala ku-collagen, i-gelatin iyi-proteinaceous hydrocolloid eyakhiwe ama-amino acid, ikakhulukazi i-glycine, i-proline, ne-hydroxyproline.
   • I-Casein: Itholakala obisini, i-casein iyiqembu lama-phosphoprotein akha ama-hydrocolloids lapho kukhona i-calcium ions ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-acidic.
3. Ama-Polymers okwenziwa:
   • I-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): I-polymer enga-semi-synthetic etholakala ku-cellulose, i-HPMC iguqulwa ngamakhemikhali ukuze yethule i-hydroxypropyl kanye namaqembu e-methyl kumgogodla we-cellulose.
   • I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): Futhi etholakala ku-cellulose, i-CMC idlula i-carboxymethylation ukwethula amaqembu e-carboxymethyl esakhiweni se-cellulose.

Lawa ma-hydrocolloid anezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezithile kanye namaqembu asebenzayo abenza bakwazi ukusebenzisana nama-molecule wamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-hydrogen bonding, ukusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic, namandla e-hydration.Ngenxa yalokho, babonisa izici eziyingqayizivele ze-rheological, ezifana ne-viscosity, i-gelation, namandla okwenza ifilimu, okubenza babe izithako ezibalulekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yezimboni, kuhlanganise nokudla, imithi, izimonyo, nezindwangu.