Udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo luhlukaniswa lube udaka oluxutshwe okumanzi kanye nodaka oluxutshwe owomile ngokuya ngendlela yokukhiqiza.Ingxube exutshwe emanzi exutshwe namanzi ibizwa ngokuthi udaka oluxubile olumanzi, kanti ingxube eqinile eyenziwe ngezinto ezomile ibizwa ngokuthi udaka oluxubile.Ziningi izinto ezingavuthiwe ezihilelekile odakeni oseluvele luxubene.Ngaphezu kwezinto zikasimende, izilinganiso, nezixube zamaminerali, izingxube zidinga ukungezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ipulasitiki yayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, nokungaguquguquki.Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-admixtures for mortar exutshwe ngomumo, engahlukaniswa nge-cellulose ether, i-starch ether, i-latex powder ephindwe kabusha, i-bentonite, njll kusukela ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali;ingahlukaniswa nge-ejenti yokungenisa umoya, i-stabilizer, i-anti-cracking fiber, i-Retarder, i-accelerator, i-water reducer, i-dispersant, njll. Lesi sihloko sibuyekeza inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo yezingxube ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa odakeni oluxutshwe ngomumo.
1 Izingxube ezivamile zodaka oseluvele luxubile
1.1 I-ejenti yokungenisa umoya
I-ejenti yokungenisa umoya i-ejenti esebenzayo, futhi izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa ama-rosin resins, i-alkyl ne-alkyl aromatics hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, njll. Kunamaqembu e-hydrophilic namaqembu e-hydrophobic ku-molecule ye-agent efaka umoya.Lapho i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya ifakwa odakeni, iqembu le-hydrophilic le-molecule ye-agent engenisa umoya likhangiswa ngezinhlayiya zikasimende, kuyilapho iqembu le-hydrophobic lixhunywe namabhamuza amancane omoya.Futhi kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo odakeni, ukuze kubambezeleke inqubo yokuqala kasimende yokufaka amanzi, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kunciphise izinga lokulahleka kokuvumelana, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhamuza omoya amancane angadlala indima yokugcoba, ukwenza ngcono ukudonsa nokufuthwa kodaka.
I-ejenti yokungenisa umoya ingenisa inqwaba yamabhamuza amancane odakeni, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka, inciphisa ukumelana ngesikhathi sokupompa nokufafaza, futhi inciphise isenzakalo sokuvala;ukwengezwa kwe-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kunciphisa amandla ebhondi eqinile Yokusebenza kodaka, njengoba inani lodaka likhula, ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza kwamandla ebhondi eqinile kuyanda;i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya ithuthukisa izinkomba zokusebenza njengokungaguquguquki kodaka, izinga lokulahleka kwe-2h kanye nezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokufuthwa nokupompa kodaka lokufafaza ngomshini, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangela ukulahleka kwamandla okucindezela udaka kanye nesibopho. amandla.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngaphandle kokucabangela umphumela we-cellulose ether, ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-ejenti ye-air-entraining kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuminyana okumanzi kodaka oluxutshwe ngomumo, okuqukethwe komoya kanye nokuvumelana kodaka kuzokwenyuka kakhulu, futhi izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kanye amandla okucindezela azokwehla;Ucwaningo ngezinguquko zenkomba yokusebenza kodaka oluxutshwe ne-cellulose ether kanye ne-ejenti yokungenisa umoya luthola ukuthi ngemva kokuxuba i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kanye ne-cellulose ether, ukuguquguquka kokubili kufanele kucatshangelwe.I-Cellulose ether ingase ibangele ama-ejenti athile okufaka umoya ukuba ahluleke, ngaleyo ndlela enze izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka lehle.
Ukuxutshwa okukodwa kwe-ejenti yokungenisa umoya, i-ejenti yokunciphisa ukushwabana kanye nengxube yakho kokubili kunomthelela othize kuzakhiwo zodaka.Ukwengezwa kwe-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kungakhuphula izinga lokuncipha kodaka, futhi ukwengezwa kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa ukuncipha kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuncipha kodaka.Zombili zingabambezela ukuqhekeka kwendandatho yodaka.Lapho kokubili kuxutshwe, izinga lokushwabana kodaka alishintshi kakhulu, futhi ukumelana nokuqhekeka kuyathuthukiswa.
1.2 Impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha
Impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha iyingxenye ebalulekile yodaka lwempushana eyomile yanamuhla.I-polymer encibilikayo emanzini ekhiqizwa i-emulsion ye-polymer ephezulu yamangqamuzana ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, ukomisa isifutho, ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nezinye izinqubo.I-emulsion eyenziwe nge-latex powder evuselelekayo odakeni lukasimende yakha isakhiwo sefilimu ye-polymer ngaphakathi kodaka, olungathuthukisa ikhono lodaka lukasimende ukumelana nomonakalo.
Impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha ingathuthukisa ukunwebeka nokuqina kwento, ithuthukise ukusebenza kokugeleza kodaka olusanda kuxutshwa, futhi ibe nomthelela othile wokunciphisa amanzi.Ithimba lakhe lihlole umthelela wesistimu yokwelapha emandleni ebhondi eqinile yodaka.
Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi uma inani lempushana yerabha eguquliwe lisebangeni lika-1.0% kuya ku-1.5%, izakhiwo zamabanga ahlukene we-rubber powder zinokulinganisela.Ngemuva kokuthi i-latex powder ekhishwa kabusha yengezwe kusimende, izinga lokuqala lokugeleza kukasimende liyancipha, ifilimu ye-polymer igoqa izinhlayiya zikasimende, usimende ugcwele amanzi ngokugcwele, futhi izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ziyathuthukiswa.Ukuhlanganisa impushana ye-latex ehlakazeka kabusha odakeni lukasimende kunganciphisa amanzi, futhi impushana ye-latex nosimende kungakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okubopha odaka, kunciphise ukuvuleka kodaka, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kodaka.
Esifundweni, isilinganiso esinqunyiwe se-lime-sand sasingu-1: 2.5, ukuhambisana kwakungu (70 ± 5) mm, futhi inani lempuphu yerabha likhethwe njenge-0-3% ye-lime-sand mass.Izinguquko ezimpahleni ezincane zodaka oluguquliwe ezinsukwini ze-28 zahlaziywa yi-SEM, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-latex powder ehlakazekile, ifilimu ye-polymer eqhubekayo yenziwa ebusweni bomkhiqizo we-motar hydration, futhi ngcono ukusebenza kodaka.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngemva kokuba ixutshwe nosimende nosimende, izinhlayiya ze-polymer nosimende zizobumbana ukuze zenze ungqimba olunqwabelene nomunye nomunye, futhi isakhiwo senethiwekhi esiphelele sizokwakhiwa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-hydration, ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise kakhulu amandla okubopha nokwakhiwa. we-thermal insulation mortar.ukusebenza.
1.3 Impushana ejiyile
Umsebenzi we-powder ukuqina ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kodaka.Kuyi-powder engangenisi emoyeni elungiselelwe kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezingaphili, ama-polymers we-organic, ama-surfactants nezinye izinto ezikhethekile.Impushana ejiyayo ihlanganisa impushana ye-latex ephinda ihlakazeka, i-bentonite, i-inorganic mineral powder, i-thickener egcina amanzi, njll., enomphumela othile wokukhangisa kuma-molecule wamanzi angokwenyama, hhayi nje kuphela engakhuphula ukungaguquguquki nokugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, kodwa futhi ibe nokuhambisana okuhle osimende abahlukahlukene.Ukuhambisana kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka.U-Cao Chun et al] wafunda umphumela we-HJ-C2 ewugqinsi oyimpushana ekusebenzeni kodaka oluvamile oluxutshwe okomile, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi impushana eshubile yayinomphumela omncane ekubambisaneni nasekuqineni amandla angama-28d odaka oluvamile oluxutshwe okomile, futhi kube nomthelela omncane ekwakhiweni kodaka Kunomphumela ongcono wokuthuthuka.Uye wafunda umthelela wempushana ejiyayo kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezinkombeni ezingokomzimba nezomshini nokuqina kodaka olusha ngaphansi kwemithamo ehlukene.Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kodaka olusha kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokwengezwa kwempushana eshubile.Ukufakwa kwe-latex powder ehlakazeka kabusha kuthuthukisa amandla okuguquguquka odaka, kunciphisa amandla okucindezela odaka, futhi ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kanye nezinto zamaminerali ezingaphili kwenza amandla okucindezela nokuguquguquka kodaka anciphe;Izingxenye zinomthelela ekuqineni kodaka lokuxuba okomile, okwandisa ukuncipha kodaka.Wang Jun et al.wafunda ithonya le-bentonite ne-cellulose ether ezinkomba zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zodaka oluxubekile.Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kodaka, kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi isilinganiso esifanele se-bentonite singaba ngu-10kg/m3, futhi isilinganiso se-cellulose ether siphezulu ngokuqhathaniswa.Umthamo ophelele ngu-0.05% yenani eliphelele lezinto zikasimende.Kulesi silinganiso, impushana ejiyile exutshwe nalezi ezimbili inomphumela ongcono ekusebenzeni okuphelele kodaka.
1.4 I-Cellulose Ether
I-Cellulose ether yaqalwa encazelweni yezindonga zamaseli ezitshalo ngumlimi ongumFulentshi u-Anselme Payon ngawo-1830s.Yenziwa ngokusabela i-cellulose kusuka okhunini nokotini nge-caustic soda, bese yengeza i-etherification ejenti yokusabela kwamakhemikhali.Ngenxa yokuthi i-cellulose ether inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle kanye nemiphumela yokujiya, ukwengeza inani elincane le-cellulose ether kusimende kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokusebenza kodaka olusanda kuxutshwa.Ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende, izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-cellulose ether zifaka i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether kanye ne-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether esetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) inethonya elikhulu ku-fluidity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi namandla okubopha odaka oluzilinganisa.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, inciphise ukuhambisana kodaka, futhi idlale umphumela omuhle wokuhlehlisa;lapho inani le-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether liphakathi kuka-0.02% no-0.04%, amandla odaka ayancipha kakhulu.I-cellulose ether idlala umphumela wokungenisa umoya futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka.Ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kodaka futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza sodaka.Kuyinhlanganisela engathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kodaka;ucwaningo Ngesikhathi senqubo, kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu.Uma kuphezulu kakhulu, okuqukethwe komoya wodaka kuzokwanda kakhulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokuminyana, ukulahlekelwa amandla kanye nomthelela wekhwalithi yodaka.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunomphumela ophawulekayo wokunciphisa amanzi odongeni.I-Cellulose ether ingase futhi yehlise ukuminyana kwengxube yodaka, inwebe isikhathi sokusetha, futhi ithuthukise amandla okuguquguquka nokucindezelwa.nciphisa.I-Cellulose ether kanye ne-starch ether yizixube ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni udaka.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ze-cellulose ethers, imingcele ye-molecular nayo ihlukile, okuholela ekuhlukeni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kodaka lukasimende olushintshiwe.Amandla odaka lukasimende olulungiswe nge-cellulose ether ene-viscosity ephezulu aphansi kunalokho.Uma okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kwanda, amandla acindezelayo odaka lukasimende abonisa inkambiso yokwehla futhi ekugcineni izinzile, kuyilapho amandla okuguquguquka ebonisa ukuthambekela okukhulayo, okunciphayo, okuzinzile nokuzinzile.Inqubo yoshintsho ekhuphuke kancane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-02-2023