An raba turmi da aka shirya zuwa turmi mai gauraya rigar da busasshiyar turmi bisa ga hanyar samarwa.Ruwan da aka gauraya da ruwa ana kiransa turmi-mixed, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan cakuda da aka yi da kayan busassun ana kiransa turmi-bushe.Akwai albarkatun kasa da yawa da ke da hannu a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka haɗa turmi.Bugu da ƙari, kayan siminti, aggregates, da ma'adinan ma'adinai, ana buƙatar ƙara kayan ado don inganta filastik, riƙe ruwa, da daidaito.Akwai nau'ikan admixtures da yawa don turmi da aka shirya, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa ether cellulose, sitaci ether, redispersible latex foda, bentonite, da dai sauransu daga sinadaran abun da ke ciki;za a iya raba zuwa iska-entraining wakili, stabilizer, anti-fatsa fiber, Retarder, totur, ruwa ragewa, dispersant, da dai sauransu Wannan labarin yana bitar ci gaban bincike na da yawa amfani admixtures a shirye-cakude turmi.
1 na gama gari don turmi mai gauraya
1.1 Wakilin haɓaka iska
Ma'aikacin da ke haifar da iska shine wakili mai aiki, kuma nau'in na kowa sun hada da rosin resins, alkyl da alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid, da dai sauransu.Lokacin da aka ƙara wakili na iska a cikin turmi, ana haɗa ƙungiyar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ta sararin samaniya, yayin da ƙungiyar hydrophobic ke haɗa tare da ƙaramin kumfa.Kuma a ko'ina rarraba a cikin turmi, don haka kamar yadda ya jinkirta da farkon hydration tsari na siminti, inganta ruwa riƙewa yi na turmi, rage hasara kudi na daidaito, kuma a lokaci guda, da kankanin iska kumfa iya taka wani lubricating rawa. inganta pumpability da sprayability na turmi.
Mai ba da iska yana gabatar da adadi mai yawa na ƙananan kumfa a cikin turmi, wanda ke inganta aikin turmi, yana rage juriya a lokacin yin famfo da fesa, kuma yana rage yanayin rufewa;Bugu da ƙari na wakili mai haɗakar iska yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi Ayyukan aiki, yayin da yawan adadin turmi ya karu, asarar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin haɓaka yana ƙaruwa;da iska-entraining wakili inganta aikin Manuniya irin su turmi daidaito, 2h daidaito asarar kudi da kuma ruwa riƙe kudi, da kuma inganta spraying da famfo yi na inji spraying turmi , A daya hannun, shi ya sa asarar turmi matsa lamba ƙarfi da bond. ƙarfi.
Binciken ya nuna cewa ba tare da la'akari da tasirin cellulose ether ba, haɓakar abun ciki na wakili mai haɓaka iska zai iya rage yawan rigar turmi da aka shirya yadda ya kamata, abun ciki na iska da daidaito na turmi za a yi girma sosai, da kuma yawan ajiyar ruwa da kuma yawan ruwa. ƙarfin matsawa zai ragu;Binciken da aka yi game da canje-canjen ma'auni na aikin turmi da aka haɗe da ether cellulose da mai haɓaka iska ya gano cewa bayan haɗuwa da iska da ether cellulose, ya kamata a yi la'akari da daidaitawar su biyu.Cellulose ether na iya haifar da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da iska don kasawa, don haka ya sa adadin riƙon turmi ya ragu.
Haɗuwa guda ɗaya na wakili mai hana iska, wakili mai rage raguwa da cakuda duka biyun suna da takamaiman tasiri akan kaddarorin turmi.Ƙarin abin da ke haifar da iska zai iya ƙara yawan raguwar turmi, kuma ƙara yawan raguwa na iya rage yawan raguwar turmi.Dukansu biyun na iya jinkirta fashewar zoben turmi.Lokacin da aka haɗu biyun, ƙimar raguwa na turmi ba ya canzawa da yawa, kuma ana haɓaka juriya.
1.2 Foda na latex mai iya sakewa
Redispersible latex foda wani muhimmin sashe ne na busasshiyar busasshiyar turmi a yau.Yana da wani ruwa mai narkewa Organic polymer samar da high-kwayoyin halitta polymer emulsion ta high zafin jiki da kuma high matsa lamba, fesa bushewa, surface jiyya da sauran matakai.Emulsion da aka yi ta hanyar foda mai sabuntawa a cikin turmi siminti yana samar da tsarin fim na polymer a cikin turmi, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin siminti don tsayayya da lalacewa.
Redispersible latex foda zai iya inganta elasticity da taurin kayan, inganta aikin kwararar turmi mai gauraye, kuma yana da wani tasiri na rage ruwa.Ƙungiyarsa ta binciki tasirin tsarin warkarwa akan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi.
Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa lokacin da adadin foda foda da aka gyara yana cikin kewayon 1.0% zuwa 1.5%, kaddarorin nau'ikan nau'ikan foda na roba sun fi daidaitawa.Bayan an ƙara foda mai yuwuwa a cikin siminti, ƙimar hydration na farko na simintin yana raguwa, fim ɗin polymer ya nannade simintin siminti, simintin ya cika ruwa sosai, kuma an inganta kaddarorin daban-daban.Hada foda mai sake tarwatsewa cikin turmi siminti zai iya rage ruwa, sannan foda da siminti na iya samar da tsarin hanyar sadarwa don haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi, rage ɓarna turmi, da haɓaka aikin turmi.
A cikin binciken, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lemun tsami-yashi shine 1: 2.5, daidaito shine (70 ± 5) mm, kuma an zaɓi adadin foda na roba a matsayin 0-3% na yawan yashi-yashi.Canje-canje a cikin ƙananan kaddarorin da aka gyara na turmi a cikin kwanaki 28 an bincika su ta hanyar SEM, kuma sakamakon ya nuna cewa mafi girman abun ciki na foda da aka sake tarwatsawa, da ƙarin ci gaba da fim ɗin polymer da aka kafa a saman samfurin turmi hydration, da kuma mafi kyawun aikin turmi.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa bayan an haɗa shi da turmi na siminti, ƙwayoyin polymer da siminti za su yi coagulate don samar da wani nau'i mai ɗorewa tare da juna, kuma za a samar da cikakkiyar tsarin hanyar sadarwa yayin aikin hydration, wanda hakan zai inganta ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da ginin. na thermal insulation turmi.yi.
1.3 Foda mai kauri
Ayyukan thickening foda shine don inganta ingantaccen aikin turmi.Yana da kayan foda mara iska wanda aka shirya daga nau'ikan kayan inorganic, polymers na halitta, surfactants da sauran kayan aiki na musamman.Thickening foda ya hada da redispersible latex foda, bentonite, inorganic ma'adinai foda, ruwa-retaining thickener, da dai sauransu, wanda yana da wani adsorption sakamako a kan jiki ruwa kwayoyin, ba kawai zai iya ƙara daidaito da ruwa riƙe da turmi, amma kuma suna da kyau dacewa tare da. daban-daban siminti.Daidaituwa na iya inganta aikin turmi sosai.Cao Chun et al] yayi nazarin tasirin HJ-C2 mai kauri akan aikin busassun turmi na yau da kullun, kuma sakamakon ya nuna cewa foda mai kauri yana da tasiri kaɗan akan daidaito da ƙarfin 28d mai ƙarfi na busassun turmi na yau da kullun, kuma yana da ɗan tasiri a kan lalata turmi Akwai ingantaccen sakamako mai kyau.Ya yi nazarin tasiri na thickening foda da daban-daban sassa a kan jiki da kuma inji fihirisa da karko sabon turmi karkashin daban-daban dosages.Sakamakon bincike ya nuna cewa aikin sabon turmi ya inganta sosai saboda ƙara daɗaɗɗen foda.Haɗin foda na latex wanda za'a iya rarrabawa yana inganta ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi, yana rage ƙarfin turmi, da kuma haɗakar da ether na cellulose da kayan ma'adinai na inorganic yana sa ƙarfin ƙarfin turmi ya ragu;Abubuwan da aka gyara suna da tasiri akan dorewar busassun busassun busassun turmi, wanda ke ƙara raguwar turmi.Wang Jun et al.yayi nazarin tasirin bentonite da cellulose ether akan alamomin aiki daban-daban na turmi da aka shirya.A karkashin yanayin tabbatar da aikin turmi mai kyau, an kammala cewa mafi kyawun sashi na bentonite shine kusan 10kg/m3, kuma rabon ether cellulose yana da inganci.Mafi kyawun sashi shine 0.05% na yawan adadin siminti.A cikin wannan rabo, ƙaƙƙarfan foda da aka haɗe tare da biyu yana da tasiri mai kyau akan cikakken aikin turmi.
1.4 Cellulose Ether
Cellulose ether ya samo asali ne daga ma'anar ganuwar tantanin halitta ta manomin Faransa Anselme Payon a cikin 1830s.Ana yin ta ta hanyar mayar da cellulose daga itace da auduga tare da soda caustic, sa'an nan kuma ƙara ma'anar etherification don maganin sinadaran.Saboda ether cellulose yana da kyakkyawan riƙewar ruwa da kuma tasiri mai kauri, ƙara ƙaramin adadin ether cellulose zuwa siminti zai iya inganta aikin aiki na turmi mai gauraye.A cikin siminti-tushen kayan, da aka saba amfani da irin cellulose ether sun hada da methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether da hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ne mafi. yawanci amfani.
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) yana da babban tasiri akan ruwa, riƙewar ruwa da ƙarfin haɗin kai na turmi mai daidaita kai.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ether cellulose na iya inganta haɓakar ruwa na turmi sosai, rage daidaito na turmi, kuma yana yin tasiri mai kyau;lokacin da adadin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ke tsakanin 0.02% da 0.04%, , ƙarfin turmi yana raguwa sosai.Cellulose ether yana kunna tasirin iska kuma yana inganta aikin turmi.Riƙewar ruwansa yana rage ƙulla turmi kuma yana tsawaita lokacin aiki na turmi.Admixture ne wanda zai iya inganta aikin turmi yadda ya kamata;bincike A lokacin aikin, an kuma gano cewa abun ciki na ether cellulose bai kamata ya yi yawa ba.Idan ya yi tsayi da yawa, abun cikin iska na turmi zai karu sosai, yana haifar da raguwar yawa, asarar ƙarfi da tasiri akan ingancin turmi.Nazarin ya nuna cewa ƙari na ether cellulose yana inganta haɓakar ruwa na turmi, kuma a lokaci guda yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci na rage ruwa akan turmi.Cellulose ether kuma na iya rage yawan cakuda turmi, tsawaita lokacin saiti, da haɓaka ƙarfin sassauƙa da matsawa.rage.Cellulose ether da sitaci ether biyu ne da aka saba amfani da su don gina turmi.
Duk da haka, saboda babban nau'in ethers na cellulose, ma'auni na kwayoyin kuma sun bambanta, wanda ya haifar da babban bambanci a cikin aikin gyaran gyare-gyaren siminti.Ƙarfin siminti da aka gyara tare da ether cellulose tare da babban danko yana da ƙasa a maimakon haka.Lokacin da abun ciki na ether cellulose ya karu, ƙarfin matsawa na simintin slurry yana nuna yanayin raguwa da kuma ƙarfafawa a ƙarshe, yayin da ƙarfin flexural yana nuna karuwa, raguwa, kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali.Canji ya ƙaru kaɗan.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-02-2023