A na-ekewa ngwa ngwa agwakọta nke ọma n'ime ngwa agha agwakọta mmiri na mmiri akọrọ dị ka usoro mmepụta si dị.A na-akpọ ngwakọta mmiri a gwakọtara mmiri na mmiri, nke a na-akpọkwa ngwakọta siri ike nke ihe ndị akọrọ.Enwere ọtụtụ akụrụngwa na-etinye aka na ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta.Na mgbakwunye na ihe cimentious, aggregates, na mineral admixtures, ọ dị mkpa ka a na-agbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye iji mee ka plasticity ya dịkwuo mma, njide mmiri, na nkwụsi ike.E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị admixtures maka ngwa agha dị njikere, nke nwere ike kewaa n'ime cellulose ether, starch ether, redispersible latex powder, bentonite, wdg site na chemical mejupụtara;nwere ike kewaa n'ime ikuku-entraining gị n'ụlọnga, stabilizer, mgbochi cracking eriri, Retarder, osooso, mmiri reducer, dispersant, wdg Isiokwu a na-enyocha ọganihu nyocha nke ọtụtụ admixtures ndị a na-ejikarị na ngwa agha dị njikere.
1 Ngwakọta ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta
1.1 Onye na-ahụ maka ikuku
Onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-arụ ọrụ bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ, na ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere rosin resins, alkyl na alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid, wdg. E nwere ìgwè hydrophilic na hydrophobic dị na molecule nke na-emepụta ikuku.Mgbe a na-etinye ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eku ume na ngwa agha ahụ, a na-ejikọta ìgwè hydrophilic nke ikuku na-eme ka ikuku na-ejikọta ya na cement particles, ebe ìgwè hydrophobic na-ejikọta ya na obere ikuku ikuku.Na evenly kesara na ngwa agha, nke mere na-egbu oge mmalite hydration usoro nke ciment, melite mmiri njigide arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha, belata ọnwụ ọnụego nke agbanwe agbanwe, na n'otu oge ahụ, obere ikuku egosipụta nwere ike ịrụ a lubricating ọrụ. imeziwanye pumpability na sprayability nke ngwa agha.
Onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-ewebata ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke obere egosipụta n'ime ngwa agha ahụ, nke na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, na-ebelata nguzogide n'oge mgbapụta na ịgba mmiri, ma na-ebelata ihe mgbagwoju anya;mgbakwunye nke onye na-ahụ maka ikuku na-eme ka ikuku na-ebelata ike njigide nke ngwa agha Arụmọrụ, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwa agha na-abawanye, mfu nke arụmọrụ ike ike na-abawanye;onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ihe ngosi arụmọrụ dị ka ngwa ngwa na-agbanwe agbanwe, 2h nkwụsị nkwụsịtụ ọnụ na nkwụsị mmiri, ma na-eme ka spraying na pumping arụmọrụ nke igwe spraying ngwa agha , N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-akpata ọnwụ nke ngwa agha mkpakọ ike na nkekọ. ike.
Nnyocha ahụ na-egosi na n'echebaraghị mmetụta nke cellulose ether echiche, mmụba nke ikuku-entraining gị n'ụlọnga ọdịnaya nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè belata mmiri njupụta nke njikere-agwakọta ngwa agha, ikuku ọdịnaya na agbanwe agbanwe nke ngwa agha ga-abawanye ụba nke ukwuu, na mmiri njide ọnụego na. ike mkpakọ ga-ebelata;Nnyocha e mere na mgbanwe ntụgharị arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha jikọtara ya na cellulose ether na onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-achọpụta na mgbe agwakọta ihe na-eme ka ikuku na cellulose ether, ekwesịrị ịtụle mgbanwe nke abụọ ahụ.Cellulose ether nwere ike ime ka ụfọdụ ihe na-eme ka ikuku daa, si otú a na-eme ka njigide mmiri ngwa ngwa belata.
Otu ngwakọta nke ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eku ume, onye na-ebelata mbelata na ngwakọta nke abụọ nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na njirimara nke ngwa agha.Mgbakwunye nke ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ikuku dịkwuo elu nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwa ngwa, na mgbakwunye nke ndị na-ebelata ihe mgbochi nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwa ngwa.Ha abụọ nwere ike igbu oge mgbawa nke mgbanaka ngwa agha.Mgbe agwakọtara ha abụọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ mbelata nke ngwa agha anaghị agbanwe nke ukwuu, a na-eme ka mgbape mgbape na-abawanye.
1.2 ntụ ntụ latex na-agbanwe agbanwe
Uzuzu latex a na-emegharị emegharị bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ngwa ngwa ntụ ntụ a na-emebu nke ọma taa.Ọ bụ polymer mmiri na-edozi mmiri na-emepụta site na emulsion polymer dị elu site na okpomọkụ dị elu na nrụgide dị elu, ịgbasa ihicha, ọgwụgwọ elu na usoro ndị ọzọ.The emulsion kpụrụ site mmeghari ohuru latex ntụ ntụ na ciment ngwa agha na-etolite a polymer film Ọdịdị n'ime ngwa agha, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ikike nke ciment ngwa agha iguzogide mmebi.
Uzuzu latex na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ike imeziwanye ngbanwe na ike nke ihe ahụ, melite arụmọrụ nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta ọhụrụ, ma nwee ụfọdụ mmetụta mbelata mmiri.Ndị otu ya nyochara mmetụta nke usoro ọgwụgwọ na ike njigide tensile nke ngwa agha.
Nsonaazụ nyocha na-egosi na mgbe ọnụọgụ rọba ntụ ntụ gbanwere dị na 1.0% ruo 1.5%, njirimara nke ọkwa dị iche iche nke ntụ ntụ roba na-edozi ahụ.Mgbe agbakwunyere ntụ ntụ latex na-agbanwe agbanwe na ciment, ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ nke hydration nke ciment na-ebelata, ihe nkiri polymer na-ekpuchi ihe ndị dị na ciment, ciment na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, na-emeziwanye ihe dị iche iche.Ịgwakọta ntụ ntụ a na-emegharị emegharị n'ime ngwa ngwa ciment nwere ike ibelata mmiri, na latex ntụ ntụ na ciment nwere ike ịmepụta usoro netwọk iji kwalite ike njikọ nke ngwa agha, belata oghere nke ngwa agha, ma melite arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha.
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe, nhazi nke lime-aja bụ 1: 2.5, nkwụsịtụ bụ (70 ± 5) mm, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntụ ntụ rọba ahọpụtara dị ka 0-3% nke oke nzu-aja.A na-enyocha mgbanwe na microscopic Njirimara nke ngwa agha a gbanwere na ụbọchị 28 site na SEM, na nsonaazụ ya gosipụtara na Ka elu ọdịnaya nke ntụ ntụ latex redispersed, ka ihe nkiri polymer na-aga n'ihu na-etolite n'elu ngwaahịa hydration ngwa agha, na mma arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha.
Nnyocha egosiwo na mgbe agwakọtara ya na ngwa ngwa ciment, ihe ndị ahụ polymer na simenti ga-agbakọta iji mepụta oyi akwa nke jikọtara ibe ha, a ga-emepụta usoro netwọk zuru oke n'oge usoro hydration, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ike na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma dịkwuo mma. nke thermal mkpuchi ngwa agha.arụmọrụ.
1.3 ntụ ntụ ntụ
Ọrụ nke ntụ ntụ na-eme ka ọ dị arọ bụ iji melite arụmọrụ zuru oke nke ngwa agha ahụ.Ọ bụ ihe ntụ ntụ na-abụghị ikuku nke a kwadebere site na ihe dị iche iche nke inorganic, polymers organic, surfactants na ihe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche.Thickening ntụ ntụ na-agụnye redispersible latex ntụ ntụ, bentonite, inorganic ịnweta ntụ ntụ, mmiri na-ejigide thickener, wdg, nke nwere ụfọdụ adsorption mmetụta na anụ ahụ mmiri ụmụ irighiri, ọ bụghị nanị nwere ike dịkwuo agbanwe agbanwe na mmiri njigide nke ngwa agha, ma na-enwe ezi ndakọrịta na. simenti dị iche iche.Ndakọrịta ahụ nwere ike melite arụmọrụ ngwa ngwa.Cao Chun et al] mụrụ mmetụta nke HJ-C2 thickened ntụ ntụ na arụmọrụ nke akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha nkịtị, na ya pụta gosiri na thickened ntụ ntụ nwere obere mmetụta na agbanwe agbanwe na 28d compressive ike nke akọrọ-agwakọta nkịtị ngwa agha, na enwechaghị mmetụta na delamination nke ngwa agha Enwere mmetụta dị mma ka mma.Ọ amụwo mmetụta nke ndim ntụ ntụ na ihe dị iche iche na nhazi anụ ahụ na n'ibu na ịdịte aka nke ngwa agha ọhụrụ n'okpuru usoro dị iche iche.Nsonaazụ nyocha na-egosi na arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha ọhụrụ emeela ka ọ dịkwuo mma n'ihi mgbakwunye nke ntụ ntụ.Ntinye nke uzuzu latex redispersible na-eme ka ike nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, na-ebelata ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha, na ntinye nke cellulose ether na inorganic ịnweta ihe na-eme ka mkpakọ na mgbanwe ike nke ngwa agha belata;Ihe ndị dị na ya nwere mmetụta na ịdịte aka nke ngwakọta ngwakọta akọrọ akọrọ, nke na-eme ka nkwụsị nke ngwa agha dịkwuo elu.Wang Jun et al.mụọ mmetụta nke bentonite na cellulose ether dị iche iche na-egosi arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha agwakọta.N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ịhụ na arụ ọrụ ngwa agha dị mma, e kwubiri na usoro ọgwụgwọ bentonite kacha mma bụ ihe dịka 10kg / m3, na nha nke cellulose ether dị elu.Usoro kachasị mma bụ 0.05% nke ngụkọta nke ihe cimenti.N'ime oke a, ntụ ntụ a gwakọtara na abụọ nwere mmetụta dị mma na arụmọrụ zuru oke nke ngwa agha ahụ.
1.4 Cellulose ether
Cellulose ether sitere na nkọwa nke mgbidi cell osisi nke onye ọrụ ugbo France bụ Anselme Payon na 1830s.A na-eme ya site n'imeghachite cellulose sitere na osisi na owu na soda caustic, wee tinye ihe na-eme ka etherification maka mmeghachi omume kemịkal.N'ihi na ether cellulose nwere ezigbo njide mmiri na mmetụta na-eme ka ọ dị arọ, ịgbakwunye obere cellulose ether na ciment nwere ike ime ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta ọhụrụ dịkwuo mma.N'ime ihe ndị sitere na ciment, ụdị cellulose ether a na-ejikarị gụnyere methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether. a na-ejikarị eme ihe.
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmiri mmiri, njide mmiri na ike njikọ nke ngwa agha na-ebuli onwe ya.Nsonaazụ na-egosi na cellulose ether nwere ike ime ka njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, belata nkwụsi ike nke ngwa agha, ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mma na-azụ azụ;mgbe ọnụọgụ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether dị n'etiti 0.02% na 0.04%, ike nke ngwa agha na-ebelata nke ukwuu.Cellulose ether na-arụ ọrụ ikuku na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma.Njide mmiri ya na-ebelata stratification nke ngwa agha ma na-agbatị oge ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ.Ọ bụ admixture nke nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha;nyocha N'oge usoro ahụ, a chọpụtakwara na ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether ekwesịghị ịdị elu.Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị oke elu, ikuku ikuku nke ngwa agha ga-abawanye nke ọma, na-eme ka mbelata njupụta, nkwụsị nke ike na mmetụta na mma nke ngwa agha ahụ.Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether na-eme ka njide mmiri nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na-ebelata mmiri na ngwa agha.Cellulose ether nwekwara ike ibelata njupụta nke ngwakọta ngwa agha, gbatịa oge nhazi, ma melite ike mgbanwe na mkpakọ.belata.Cellulose ether na starch ether bụ admixtures abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ngwa agha ihe owuwu.
Otú ọ dị, n'ihi nnukwu ihe dị iche iche nke cellulose ethers, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche dịkwa iche iche, na-eme ka nnukwu ọdịiche dị na arụmọrụ nke ciment gbanwetụrụ.Ike nke ngwa simenti gbanwetụrụ na cellulose ether nwere nnukwu viscosity dị ala kama.Mgbe ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether na-abawanye, ike mkpakọ nke ciment slurry na-egosi usoro nke ibelata na n'ikpeazụ na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike, ebe ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egosi ọganihu na-arịwanye elu, na-ebelata, kwụsiri ike ma kwụsie ike.Usoro mgbanwe mụbara ntakịrị.
Oge nzipu: Feb-02-2023