Udaka lwemiksi eyomile luwudaka olunikezwa ngohlobo lwentengiso.Okubizwa ngokuthi udaka oludayiswayo alwenzi ukuhlanganisa esizeni, kodwa kugxile ekuhlanganiseni efektri.Ngokwefomu lokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlinzeka, udaka lwezohwebo lungahlukaniswa lube udaka oluxubekile (olumanzi) kanye nodaka oluxutshwe owomile.
Incazelo
1. Udaka oluxubene olumanzi olulungile
Udaka olumanzi oluxutshwe ngomumo lusho usimende, isihlabathi, amanzi, umlotha wempukane noma ezinye izixube, nezixube, njll., ezixutshwa ngesilinganiso esithile efektri, bese zithuthelwa endaweni ebekiwe ngeloli lokuxuba.Ingxube yodaka eqediwe ngaphansi kwesimo.Okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo.
2. Udaka oluxubekile olomile
Udaka oluxutshwe okomile lusho ingxube eyimpuphu noma eyimbudumbudu ekhiqizwa umkhiqizi ochwepheshe futhi ixutshwe nezilinganiso ezinhle, izinto zikasimende ezingaphili, izingxube zamaminerali,i-cellulose ethers,kanye nezinye izixube ngemva kokomiswa nokuhlolwa ngesilinganiso esithile.Engeza amanzi bese ugoqa ngokulandela imiyalelo esizeni ukuze wenze ingxube yodaka.Ifomu lokupakisha lomkhiqizo lingaba ngobuningi noma ezikhwameni.Udaka oluxutshwe okomile lubizwa nangokuthi udaka oluxutshwe okomile, impahla yempushana eyomile, njll.
3. Udaka olujwayelekile lwe-dry-mix masonry
Isho udaka oluxubekile oluxubekile olusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi wokwakha;
4. Udaka olunakiwe oluxubekile olujwayelekile
Kubhekiselwa odakeni oseluvele luxubile oluxutshwe okomile olusetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokuplasta;
5. Udaka oluvamile lwaphansi oluxutshwe okomile
Kubhekiselwa odakeni oseluvele luxubile oluxutshwe okomile olusetshenziselwa ukwakha umhlabathi nophahla (okuhlanganisa nophahla nongqimba olusezingeni).
6. Udaka olukhethekile olulungile oluxubile
Isho udaka olukhethekile olwakhiwe kanye nokuhlobisa okuxutshwe okomile okunezidingo ezikhethekile ekusebenzeni, udaka olunakiwe olushisayo olungaphandle, udaka oluxubene lomhlabathi oluzilinganisa ngokwalo, i-ejenti yesixhumi esibonakalayo, udaka olubheke phezulu, udaka olungangeni manzi, njll.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yendabuko yokulungiselela, udaka oluxutshwe okomile lunezinzuzo eziningi njengekhwalithi ezinzile, ukuhlukahluka okuphelele, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa, nokusetshenziswa kahle.
Ukuhlukaniswa kodaka oluxutshwe okomile
Udaka oluxutshwe okomile luhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili: udaka olujwayelekile kanye nodaka olukhethekile.
Udaka olujwayelekile luhlanganisa: udaka lwamatshe, udaka lokuplasta, udaka lomhlabathi, njll.;
Izinsimbi ezikhethekile zifaka: izinto zokunamathisela zamathayela, ama-ejenti okusebenza kwempushana eyomile, ama-agent angaphandle okushisa okushisayo, ama-self-leveling mortars, ama-morts angangeni manzi, ama-mortars okulungisa, i-putty yangaphakathi nangaphandle yodonga, ama-caulking agents, izinto zokugaya, njll.
1 udaka lwamatshe
Udaka lwamatshe Udaka olusetshenziselwa ukwakha izitini, amatshe, amabhlogo nezinye izinto zokwakha.
2 udaka lokuplasta
Udaka lokunamathisela udaka luyadingeka ukuze lube nokusebenza okuhle, futhi kulula ukulinamathisela endaweni efanayo nesendlalelo esiyisicaba, esilungele ukwakhiwa;kufanele futhi ibe namandla aphezulu ahlangene, futhi ungqimba lodaka kufanele luboshwe ngokuqinile endaweni engaphansi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukuqhekeka ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.Ukuwa, udaka olukhonkolo lungavikela izakhiwo nezindonga.Ingakwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezakhiwo yizindawo zemvelo ezifana nomoya, imvula neqhwa, ithuthukise ukuqina kwezakhiwo, futhi izuze imiphumela ebushelelezi, ehlanzekile nenhle.
I-adhesive ye-tile engu-3
I-adhesive yamathayela, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-tile glue, ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amathayela e-ceramic, amathayili aphucuziwe kanye namatshe emvelo njengegranite.I-bonding mortar eklanywe ngokukhethekile Kanye nezimo zezulu ezehlukene (njengomswakama, umehluko wezinga lokushisa) ukuze kuhlanganiswe amabhulokhi okuhlobisa aqinile angaphili.
4 udaka esibonakalayo
I-interface mortar, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ejenti yokwelapha isixhumi esibonakalayo, ayikwazi nje kuphela ukuhlanganisa ngokuqinile isendlalelo sesisekelo, kodwa futhi ubuso bayo bungaxhunywa ngokuqinile yi-adhesive entsha, futhi iyinto ehambisana ngezindlela ezimbili.Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezihlukene zendawo engaphansi, njengezinto ezimunca amanzi ezinamandla ezinezimbobo, izinto ezimunca amanzi aphansi ezibushelelezi, izinto ezingenazo izimbotshana ezingamunzi amanzi, kanye nokuhlangana okudalwe ukushwabana nokwandiswa kwento enamathelayo elandelayo. ye-substrate, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwebhondi, njll., Kokubili kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti okwelapha okuxhumana ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okubopha phakathi kwezinto ezimbili.
5 Udaka lwangaphandle lwe-insulation
Udaka lwangaphandle lwe-thermal insulation: lwenziwe ngama-aggregate alula anokuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokuqhekeka okuhle kakhulu (njengezinhlayiya zegwebu le-polystyrene noma i-perlite enwetshiwe, ubuhlalu obuncane be-vitrified, njll.), kuhlanganiswe nodaka olomile lwekhwalithi ephezulu njengemicu, i-cellulose ether, kanye i-latex powder.Izithasiselo zodaka oluxubile, ukuze udaka lube nokusebenza kokushisa okushisayo, ukwakheka okuhle, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, futhi kulula ukwakhiwa, ukonga futhi kusebenza.udaka lwe-polymer.(Udaka olujwayelekile lwe-polymer bonding, i-polymer plastering mortar, njll.)
6 udaka lokuzilinganisa
Udaka oluzilinganisa ngokwalo: luphezu kwesisekelo esingalingani (njengobuso obuzolungiswa, ungqimba lodaka, njll.), luhlinzeka ngendawo yokulala eyisicaba efanelekile, ebushelelezi futhi eqinile ukuze kugxunyekwe izinto ezihlukahlukene zaphansi.Okufana nezinto zokulinganisa ezinhle zikakhaphethi, phansi ngokhuni, i-PVC, amathayela e-ceramic, njll. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezinkulu, kungabuye kwakhiwe kahle.
7 udaka olungangeni manzi
Ingekasimende engangeni manzi.Izinto ezingangeni manzi ikakhulukazi ziqukethe usimende nama-filler.Ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza ezingangeni manzi ngokwengeza ama-polymers, izithasiselo, izixube noma udaka oluxutshwe owomile oluxutshwe nosimende okhethekile.Lolu hlobo lwento seluyinhlanganisela ye-JS engangeni manzi emakethe.
8 ukulungisa udaka
Ezinye izinsimbi zokulungisa zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa umhlobiso kakhonkolo ongenayo imigoqo yensimbi futhi engenawo umsebenzi wokuthwala imithwalo ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle, kanti ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa izakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinile ezithwele umthwalo ezilimele ukuze kugcinwe futhi kumiswe kabusha ukuzinza kwesakhiwo. kanye nemisebenzi.Ingxenye yesistimu yokulungisa ukhonkolo, isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa kwamabhuloho omgwaqo, izindawo zokupaka, imigudu, njll.
9 I-putty yezindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle
I-Putty iyingqimba encane yodaka olulinganisa, oluhlukaniswe ingxenye eyodwa kanye nezingxenye ezimbili.Izinto ezisizayo zopende womhlobiso wezakhiwo, osetshenziswa kanye nopende we-latex.
10 ukhozi
Futhi ebizwa ngokuthi i-grouting agent, isetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa okokusebenza okuhlanganyelwe phakathi kwamathayela noma itshe lemvelo, inikeze indawo yobuhle kanye nesibopho phakathi kwamathayili abheke phezulu, ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi, njll. Ivikela into eyisisekelo yethayela emonakalweni wokusebenza kanye nemithelela engemihle yokungena kwamanzi.
11 izinto zokugaya
Izinto zokugaya ezisekelwe kusimende ezinomsebenzi wokunxephezela ukuncipha, ngokunwetshwa okuncane, ukunwetshwa okuncane kwenzeka esigabeni sepulasitiki kanye nesiteji sokuqina ukuze kunxephezele ukushwabana.umzimba oqinile.I-fluidity enhle ingatholakala ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esiphansi samanzi-simende, okuzuzisa ukwakhiwa kokuthulula kanye nokwakhiwa kokugcotshwa kwesondlo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga zodaka oluxutshwe okomile
Njengamanje, udaka oluxutshwe okomile lusesigabeni sokukhula ngokushesha.Ukusetshenziswa kodaka oluxutshwe okomile kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yephrojekthi, futhi kuthuthukise indawo yasemadolobheni.Nokho, kusenezinkinga eziningi zekhwalithi odakeni oluxutshwe okomile.Uma ingalinganisiwe, izinzuzo zayo zizoncishiswa kakhulu, noma zingakhiqizi.Kuphela ngokuqinisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ezicini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nempahla yokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo eqediwe, nezindawo zokwakha, lapho izinzuzo nemisebenzi yodaka oluxutshwe okomile ingakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngempela.
Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela evamile
1 ukuqhekeka
Kunezinhlobo ezine zokuqhekeka okuvame kakhulu: imifantu eyisisekelo engalingani, ukuqhekeka kwezinga lokushisa, ukomisa imifantu yokuncipha, kanye nemifantu yokushwabana kwepulasitiki.
Ukuhlaliswa okungalingani kwesisekelo
Ukuhlala okungalingani kwesisekelo ngokuyinhloko kubhekisela ekuqhekekeni okubangelwa ukwehla kodonga ngokwalo.
lokushisa crack
Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuzobangela ukwanda kokushisa kanye nokufinyela kwento.Lapho ukucindezeleka kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokuvinjelwa kukhulu ngokwanele, udonga luzokhiqiza imifantu yokushisa.
ukomisa imifantu yokuncipha
Ukomisa imifantu ye-shrinkage kubizwa ngokuthi ukomisa imifantu yokuncipha okwesikhashana.Njengoba okuqukethwe kwamanzi okwakhiwa kwamatshe njengamabhulokhi kakhonkolo ane-aerated kanye ne-fly ash blocks kuncipha, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zizokhiqiza ukuwohloka okukhulu kokuncipha kokuqina.Impahla yokushwabana isazokhula ngemva kokuba manzi, futhi impahla izoshwabana futhi yonakale ngemva kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
ukuncipha kwepulasitiki
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokushwabana kwepulasitiki ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuba udaka lunamekiwe, ukucindezeleka kokuncipha kukhiqizwa lapho umswakama uncipha uma usesimweni sepulasitiki.Uma ukucindezeleka kwe-shrinkage kudlula amandla okunamathela osimende ngokwawo, ukuqhekeka kuzokwenzeka ebusweni besakhiwo.Ukushwabana kwepulastiki okomisa kwendawo yodaka lokukhonkolo kuphazanyiswa isikhathi, izinga lokushisa, umswakama olinganiselwe kanye nezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi osimende olwakhiwe ngokwalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudedengu ekwakhiweni, ukwehluleka ukumisa imichilo yegridi ngokwezidingo zokucaciswa, izindlela ezingahlosiwe zokunqanda ukuqhekeka, ikhwalithi yempahla engafanelekile, ikhwalithi ephansi yokwakha, ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokuklama neyokwakha, amandla okwakha angahlangabezani nezidingo zokuklama, kanye nokushoda. nakho kukhona futhi Imbangela ebalulekile yokuqhekeka odongeni.
2 umgodi
Kunezizathu ezine eziyinhloko zomgodi: ingaphezulu lodonga lwesisekelo alukaphathwa, udonga lude kakhulu ukuba lufakwe ngenxa yesikhathi esinganele sokulungiswa, ungqimba olulodwa lwe-plaster lugqinsile kakhulu, futhi izinto zokukhonkolo zisetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele.
Isisekelo sodonga ayelashwa
Uthuli olunamathele odongeni, udaka olusele kanye ne-ejenti yokukhulula ngesikhathi sokuthelwa akukahlanzwa, indawo kakhonkolo ebushelelezi ayipendiwe nge-ejenti yokuxhumana noma ifuthwe futhi ibhulashwe, futhi amanzi awakakamanziswanga ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuplasta, njll. ., izobangela i-Hollowing Phenomenon.
Uma isikhathi sokulungisa udonga singanele, sizimisele ukukhonkotha.Ukunamathisela kuqala ngaphambi kokuba udonga lukhubazeke ngokugcwele, futhi ukuncipha kwesendlalelo sesisekelo kanye nongqimba lokukhonkoloza akuhambisani, okuholela ekubhomeni.
I-plaster yongqimba olulodwa obukhulu kakhulu
Lapho ukucaba kodonga kungasebenzi kahle noma kunesici, akukho ukwelashwa kusengaphambili, futhi ukuplastwa kulangazelela impumelelo, futhi kuyasinda ngesikhathi esisodwa.Ungqimba olunamekiwe lugqinsile kakhulu, okwenza ukuncipha kwalo kube kukhulu kunamandla okubopha udaka, okuholela ekugejimeni.
Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwezinto zokunamathisela
Amandla odaka lokunamathisela awahambisani namandla odonga lwesisekelo, futhi umehluko ekuncipheni mkhulu kakhulu, okungesinye isizathu somgodi.
3 Isihlabathi sisuka phezulu
Ukulahleka kwesihlabathi esingaphezulu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ingxenye encane yezinto zikasimende ezisetshenziswa odakeni, i-modulus yenhlawulo yesihlabathi iphansi kakhulu, okuqukethwe kodaka kudlula izinga, amandla odaka awanele ukudala isihlabathi, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi udaka luphansi kakhulu futhi ukulahleka kwamanzi kushesha kakhulu, futhi ukunakekelwa ngemva kokwakhiwa akukho endaweni.Noma akukho sondlo esidala ukulahleka kwesihlabathi.
4 ukukhishwa kwempuphu
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi othulini aliphezulu, ukuzinza kwengxenye ngayinye ebhodini akukuhle, futhi ingxenye ye-admixture esetshenzisiwe inkulu kakhulu.Ngenxa yokuhlikihlwa nokucwala, ezinye izimpushana zintanta phezulu bese ziqoqana phezulu, ukuze amandla angaphezulu abe mancane kanye nesikhumba sePowdery.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-06-2022