I-Cellulose ye-CMC kunye noBume beSakhiwo sayo

Isebenzisa i-straw cellulose njengento ekrwada, yatshintshwa yi-etherification.Ngokusebenzisa into enye kunye novavanyo lokujikeleza, iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose zaye zamiselwa ukuba zibe: ixesha le-etherification 100min, ukushisa kwe-etherification 70℃, I-NaOH i-dosage ye-3.2g kunye ne-monochloroacetic acid dosage 3.0g, ukutshintshwa okuphezulu I-degree yi-0.53.

Amagama angundoqo: CMCi-cellulose;monochloroacetic acid;i-etherificationukuguqulwa

Carboxymethyl celluloseyeyona ether yeselulosi eveliswayo kwaye ithengiswa kakhulu ehlabathini.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-detergent, ukutya, intlama yamazinyo, i-textile, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya, ukwenza iphepha, i-petroleum, imigodi, amayeza, iiseramikhi, izinto ze-elektroniki, irabha, iipeyinti, izibulali zinambuzane, izithambiso, isikhumba, iiplastiki kunye nokwemba ioli, njl. njenge "industrial monosodium glutamate".I-Carboxymethyl cellulose yimveliso ye-ether enyibilikayo emanzini efunyenwe ngokuguqula ngokwekhemikhali iselulosi yendalo.I-Cellulose, eyona nto iphambili kwimveliso ye-carboxymethyl cellulose, yenye yezona zixhobo zininzi zendalo ezinokuhlaziywa emhlabeni, kunye nemveliso yonyaka yamakhulu eebhiliyoni zeetoni.ilizwe lam lilizwe elikhulu lezolimo kwaye lelinye lamazwe anemithombo yengca eninzi kakhulu.Umququ ubusoloko ungomnye wamafutha aphambili okuphila kubahlali basemaphandleni.Ezi zixhobo azikhange ziphuhliswe ngokwengqiqo ixesha elide, kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-2% yenkunkuma yezolimo nezamahlathi ezifana neendiza zisetyenziswa ehlabathini minyaka le.Irayisi sesona sityalo sezoqoqosho kwiPhondo laseHeilongjiang, enendawo yokutyala engaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-2 ze-hm2, imveliso yonyaka yeetoni ezizigidi ezili-14 zerayisi, kunye ne-11 yezigidi zeetoni zodiza.Abalimi badla ngokuzitshisa ngqo ebaleni njengenkunkuma, engeyiyo nje inkcitho enkulu yobutyebi bendalo, kodwa ikwabangela ungcoliseko olumandla kwimo engqongileyo.Ngoko ke, ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kweendiza yimfuneko yeqhinga lophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezolimo.

1. Izinto zovavanyo kunye neendlela

1.1 Izixhobo zovavanyo kunye nezixhobo

I-cellulose ye-straw, eyenziwe ngokwayo kwibhubhoratri;JJ～Uhlobo olu-1 lomxube wombane, i-Jintan Guowang iFactory yoMfuniselo yeSixhobo;SHZW2C uhlobo RS-Impompo yokufunxa, iShanghai Pengfu Electromechanical Co., Ltd.;pHS-3C imitha pH, Mettler-Toledo Co., Ltd.;I-DGG-9070A yokufudumeza kombane rhoqo i-oven yokomisa ubushushu, i-Beijing North Lihui Test Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd.;I-HITACHI-S ~ 3400N yokuskena i-electron microscope, i-Hitachi Instruments;i-ethanol;sodium hydroxide;i-chloroacetic acid, njl.

1.2 Indlela yovavanyo

1.2.1 Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

(1) Indlela yokulungiselela i-carboxymethyl cellulose: Ukulinganisa i-2 g ye-cellulose kwi-flask enentamo ezintathu, yongeza i-2.8 g ye-NaOH, i-20 mL ye-75% yesisombululo se-ethanol, kwaye udibanise kwi-alkali kwindawo yokuhlambela amanzi ashushu rhoqo kwi-25.°C kwi-80 min.Gxuma nge-mixer ukudibanisa kakuhle.Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-cellulose iphendula kunye nesisombululo se-alkaline ukwenza i-alkali cellulose.Kwinqanaba le-etherification, yongeza i-10 mL ye-75% yesisombululo se-ethanol kunye ne-3 g ye-chloroacetic acid kwi-flask enentamo ezintathu ephendule apha ngasentla, nyusa ubushushu ukuya kuma-65-70.° C., kwaye uphendule imizuzu engama-60.Yongeza i-alkali okwesihlandlo sesibini, emva koko yongeza i-0.6g NaOH kwiflask yokusabela engentla ukugcina ubushushu bungama-70.°C, kwaye ixesha lokusabela yi-40min ukufumana i-Na ekrwada-CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose).

Ukungathathi hlangothi kunye nokuhlamba: yongeza i-1moL·I-L-1 i-hydrochloric acid, kwaye i-neutralize reaction kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kude kube yi-pH = 7 ~ 8.Emva koko hlamba kabini nge 50% ethanol, emva koko hlamba kube kanye nge 95% ethanol, hluza ngokufunxa, kwaye wome ku 80-90°C ngeeyure ezi-2.

(2) Ukumiselwa kweqondo lesampulu yokutshintshwa kwesampulu: indlela yomiselo lwemitha yeasidi: Ubunzima obuyi-0.2g (chaneke ukuya ku-0.1mg) yesampulu yeNa-CMC ecociweyo neyomisiweyo, yinyibilikise kwi-80mL yamanzi adiyiweyo, uyishukumisele ngomagnetic kwi-10min, kwaye ulungelelanise. Isisombululo sazisa i-pH yesisombululo ukuya ku-8. Emva koko titrate isisombululo sovavanyo kunye nesisombululo esiqhelekileyo se-sulfuric acid kwi-beaker exhotyiswe nge-electrode yemitha ye-pH, kwaye ugcine isibonakaliso semitha ye-pH ngelixa i-titrating de i-pH 3.74.Qaphela phantsi umthamo wesisombululo esiqhelekileyo se-sulfuric acid esetyenzisiweyo.

1.2.2 Indlela yokuvavanya into enye

(1) Isiphumo sobungakanani be-alkali kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose: yenza i-alkalization kwi-25℃, ukuntywiliselwa kwe-alkali imizuzu engama-80, ukuxinwa kwisisombululo se-ethanol yi-75%, lawula ubungakanani be-monochloroacetic acid reagent 3g, ukushisa kwe-etherification yi-65 ~ 70°C, ixesha le-etherification laliyimizuzu eyi-100, kwaye inani le-sodium hydroxide yatshintshwa kuvavanyo.

(2) Umphumo wokuxinwa kwesisombululo se-ethanol kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose: ubungakanani be-alkali esisigxina yi-3.2g, ukucwiliswa kwe-alkali kwi-bath yamanzi eshushu rhoqo kwi-25°I-C ye-80min, ukuxinwa kwesisombululo se-ethanol yi-75%, inani le-monochloroacetic acid reagent lilawulwa kwi-3g, i-etherification Iqondo lokushisa ngu-65-70.°C, ixesha le-etherification yi-100min, kwaye ukuxinwa kwesisombululo se-ethanol kutshintshiwe kuvavanyo.

(3) Isiphumo sobungakanani be-monochloroacetic acid kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose: lungisa kwi-25°I-C ye-alkalization, gcoba kwi-alkali imizuzu engama-80, yongeza i-3.2g ye-sodium hydroxide ukwenza ukuxinwa kwesisombululo se-ethanol i-75%, i-ether Ubushushu ngu-65 ~ 70°C, ixesha le-etherification yi-100min, kwaye inani le-monochloroacetic acid litshintshwa ukuze lizame.

(4) Impembelelo yobushushu be-etherification kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose: lungisa kwi-25°I-C ye-alkalization, gcoba kwi-alkali imizuzu engama-80, yongeza i-3.2g ye-sodium hydroxide ukwenza ukuxinwa kwesisombululo se-ethanol i-75%, ukushisa kwe-etherification Ubushushu bungama-65 ~ 70℃, ixesha le-etherification yi-100min, kwaye uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokutshintsha idosi ye-monochloroacetic acid.

(5) Impembelelo yexesha le-etherification kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose: igxininiswe kwi-25°I-C ye-alkalization, yongezwa i-3.2g ye-sodium hydroxide, kwaye ifakwe kwi-alkali ye-80min ukwenza ukuxinwa kwesisombululo se-ethanol i-75%, kunye ne-monochlor elawulwayo I-dosage ye-acetic acid reagent yi-3g, ukushisa kwe-etherification yi-65 ~ 70°C, kunye nexesha etherification litshintshelwe umfuniselo.

1.2.3 Isicwangciso sovavanyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Ngokwesiseko sovavanyo lwento enye, iquadratic regression orthogonal rotation edityanisiweyo kunye nezinto ezine kunye namanqanaba amahlanu ayilwa.Izinto ezine ziyi-etherification ixesha, ukushisa kwe-etherification, inani le-NaOH kunye nenani le-monochloroacetic acid.Ukusetyenzwa kwedatha kusebenzisa isoftware yezibalo ye-SAS8.2 yokusetyenzwa kwedatha, ebonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwento nganye enempembelelo kunye nenqanaba lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose.umthetho wangaphakathi.

1.2.4 Indlela yohlalutyo lwe-SEM

Isampulu yempuphu eyomileyo yayigxininiswe kwinqanaba lesampulu kunye neglue eqhubayo, kwaye emva kokutshiza igolide ye-vacuum, yabonwa kwaye yafotshwa phantsi kwe-Hitachi-S-3400N ye-Hitachi scanning electron microscope.

2. Iziphumo kunye nohlalutyo

2.1 Impembelelo yento enye kwiqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

2.1.1 Isiphumo sobungakanani bealkali kwiqondo lokutshintshwa kwecarboxymethyl cellulose

Xa i-NaOH3.2g yongezwa kwi-2g cellulose, idigri yokutshintshwa kwemveliso yayiphezulu.Isixa se-NaOH sincitshisiwe, esinganelanga ukwenza i-neutralization ye-alkaline cellulose kunye ne-etherification agent, kwaye imveliso inomlinganiselo omncinci wokutshintshwa kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi.Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba inani le-NaOH likhulu kakhulu, ukuphendula kwecala ngexesha le-hydrolysis ye-chloroacetic acid kuya kwanda, ukusetyenziswa kwe-etherifying agent kuya kwanda, kwaye i-viscosity yemveliso iya kuncipha.

2.1.2 Impembelelo yoxinzelelo lwe-ethanol kwiqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Inxalenye yamanzi kwisisombululo se-ethanol ikhona kwi-reaction medium ngaphandle kwe-cellulose, kwaye enye inxalenye ikhona kwi-cellulose.Ukuba umxholo wamanzi mkhulu kakhulu, i-CMC iya kudumba emanzini ukwenza ijeli ngexesha le-etherification, okukhokelela ekuphenduleni okungalinganiyo kakhulu;ukuba umxholo wamanzi umncinci kakhulu, ukusabela kuya kuba nzima ukuqhubeka ngenxa yokungabikho kwendlela yokusabela.Ngokubanzi, i-80% ye-ethanol sesona sinyibilikisi sifanelekileyo.

2.1.3 Impembelelo yedosi ye-monochloroacetic acid kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Ubungakanani be-monochloroacetic acid kunye ne-sodium hydroxide yi-theoretically 1: 2, kodwa ukuze uhambise impendulo kwindlela yokuvelisa i-CMC, qinisekisa ukuba kukho isiseko esifanelekileyo samahhala kwinkqubo yokuphendula, ukwenzela ukuba i-carboxymethylation ikwazi ukuqhubeka kakuhle.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, indlela yokugqithisa i-alkali yamkelwe, oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo we-molar we-asidi kunye nezinto ze-alkali ngu-1: 2.2.

2.1.4 Impembelelo yobushushu be-etherification kwiqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Okukhona ubushushu be-etherification buphezulu, kokukhona isantya sokusabela, kodwa iimpendulo zecala nazo ziyakhawuleza.Ukusuka kwimbono yokulinganisa kweekhemikhali, ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa akuthandeki ekubunjweni kwe-CMC, kodwa ukuba ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu, izinga lokuphendula licotha kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-ejenti ye-etherifying liphantsi.Kuyabonakala ukuba elona qondo lobushushu liphezulu kwi-etherification ngama-70°C.

2.1.5 Impembelelo yexesha le-etherification kwiqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

Ngokunyuka kwexesha le-etherification, iqondo lokuthatha indawo ye-CMC liyanda, kwaye isantya sokusabela siyakhawuleza, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile, ukunyuka kweempendulo zecala kunye neqondo lokuthatha indawo liyancipha.Xa ixesha le-etherification liyi-100min, iqondo lokuthatha indawo liphezulu.

2.2 Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-Orthogonal kunye nohlalutyo lwamaqela e-carboxymethyl

Inokubonwa kwitheyibhile yokuhlalutya okungafaniyo kwinto ephambili, izinto ezine zexesha le-etherification, ukushisa kwe-etherification, inani le-NaOH kunye nomlinganiselo we-monochloroacetic acid inempembelelo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose (p <0.01).Phakathi kwezinto zokusebenzisana, izinto zokusebenzisana zexesha le-etherification kunye nenani le-monochloroacetic acid, kunye nezinto zokusebenzisana zokushisa kwe-etherification kunye nenani le-monochloroacetic acid ibe nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwiqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose (p <0.01).Umyalelo wempembelelo yezinto ezahlukeneyo kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose yaba: ukushisa kwe-etherification>imali ye-monochloroacetic acid>ixesha le-etherification>imali ye-NaOH.

Emva kohlalutyo lweziphumo zovavanyo lwe-quadratic regression orthogonal rotation indibaniselwano yoyilo, kunokumiselwa ukuba ezona meko zilungileyo zenkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-carboxymethylation zezi: ixesha le-etherification 100min, ubushushu be-etherification 70.℃, I-NaOH i-dosage ye-3.2g kunye ne-monochloroacetic acid I-dosage yi-3.0g, kwaye iqondo eliphezulu lokutshintshwa ngu-0.53.

2.3 Ubume bentsebenzo obuncinci

I-morphology ye-cellulose, i-carboxymethyl cellulose kunye ne-cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose amasuntswana afundwe ngokuskena i-electron microscopy.I-cellulose ikhula kwi-strip shape kunye nomphezulu ogudileyo;umphetho we-carboxymethyl cellulose i-rougher kune-cellulose ekhutshiweyo, kwaye isakhiwo somgodi siyanda kwaye umthamo uba mkhulu.Oku kungenxa yokuba ubume be-bundle buba bukhulu ngenxa yokudumba kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose.

3. Isiphelo

3.1 Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl etherified cellulose Umyalelo wokubaluleka kwezinto ezine ezichaphazela iqondo lokutshintshwa kwe-cellulose kukuba: ubushushu be-etherification > i-monochloroacetic acid dosage > ixesha le-etherification > i-NaOH idosi.Iimeko ezichanekileyo zenkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-carboxymethylation lixesha le-etherification 100min, ukushisa kwe-etherification 70℃, i-NaOH idosi ye-3.2g, i-monochloroacetic acid dosage 3.0g, kunye ne-degree degree substitution 0.53.

3.2 Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zetekhnoloji yokuguqulwa kwe-carboxymethylation zezi: ixesha le-etherification 100min, ubushushu be-etherification 70℃, i-NaOH i-dosage ye-3.2g, i-monochloroacetic acid dosage 3.0g, i-degree ephezulu yokutshintshwa kwe-0.53.