CMC Cellulose da Halayen Tsarinsa

Amfani da bambaro cellulose a matsayin albarkatun kasa, an gyara shi ta hanyar etherification.Ta hanyar gwaji guda ɗaya da gwajin juyawa, an ƙaddara mafi kyawun yanayi don shirye-shiryen carboxymethyl cellulose: lokacin etherification 100min, zafin etherification 70℃, NaOH sashi 3.2g da monochloroacetic acid sashi na 3.0g, matsakaicin maye gurbin Digiri shine 0.53.

Mahimman kalmomi: CMCcellulose;monochloroacetic acid;etherification;gyara

Carboxymethyl celluloseita ce ether mafi girma da kuma sayar da cellulose a duniya.Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin wanka, abinci, man goge baki, yadi, bugu da rini, yin takarda, man fetur, hakar ma'adinai, magani, yumbu, kayan lantarki, roba, Paints, magungunan kashe qwari, kayan kwalliya, fata, robobi da hako mai, da sauransu, da aka sani. a matsayin "monosodium glutamate masana'antu".Carboxymethyl cellulose shine ether cellulose ether mai narkewa da ruwa wanda aka samu ta hanyar sinadarai na canza cellulose na halitta.Cellulose, babban albarkatun kasa don samar da carboxymethyl cellulose, yana daya daga cikin albarkatun da ake sabunta su da yawa a duniya, tare da samar da daruruwan biliyoyin ton a shekara.kasata babbar kasa ce ta noma kuma daya daga cikin kasashen da ke da albarkatu masu yawa.Bambaro ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na rayuwa ga mazauna karkara.An dade ba a samar da wadannan albarkatu bisa hankali ba, kuma kasa da kashi 2% na sharar gonaki da gandun daji ana amfani da su a duniya duk shekara.Shinkafa ita ce babbar noman tattalin arziki a lardin Heilongjiang, inda ake shuka sama da hm2 miliyan 2, ana fitar da tan miliyan 14 na shinkafa a duk shekara, da kuma tan miliyan 11 na ciyawa.Manoman gabaɗaya suna kona su kai tsaye a gona a matsayin sharar gida, wanda ba wai kawai ɓarna ce ta albarkatun ƙasa ba, har ma yana haifar da mummunar gurɓata muhalli.Don haka fahimtar yadda ake amfani da albarkatu na bambaro shine bukatar dabarun ci gaba mai dorewa na noma.

1. Kayan gwaji da hanyoyin

1.1 Kayan gwaji da kayan aiki

Bambaro cellulose, wanda aka yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje;JJ～1 nau'in mahaɗar lantarki, Jintan Guowang Gwajin Kayan Aikin Factory;SHZW2C nau'in RS-Wani injin famfo, Shanghai Pengfu Electromechanical Co., Ltd.;pHS-3C pH mita, Mettler-Toledo Co., Ltd.;DGG-9070A dumama wutar lantarki akai-akai bushewa tanda, Beijing North Lihui Test Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd .;HITACHI-S ~ 3400N na'urar duba microscope na lantarki, Hitachi Instruments;ethanol;sodium hydroxide;chloroacetic acid, da dai sauransu (masu reagents na sama suna da tsarki na nazari).

1.2 Hanyar gwaji

1.2.1 Shiri na carboxymethyl cellulose

(1) Hanyar shiri na carboxymethyl cellulose: Auna 2 g na cellulose a cikin kwalba mai wuya uku, ƙara 2.8 g na NaOH, 20 ml na 75% ethanol bayani, da kuma jiƙa a cikin alkali a cikin ruwan zafi mai zafi a cikin wanka mai zafi a 25.°C don 80 min.Dama tare da mahaɗin don haɗawa da kyau.A lokacin wannan tsari, cellulose yana amsawa tare da maganin alkaline don samar da alkali cellulose.A cikin matakin etherification, ƙara 10 ml na 75% ethanol bayani da 3 g na chloroacetic acid zuwa flask mai wuya uku da aka amsa a sama, tada zafin jiki zuwa 65-70.° C., kuma amsa na minti 60.Ƙara alkali a karo na biyu, sa'an nan kuma ƙara 0.6g NaOH zuwa ga abin da ke sama don kiyaye zafin jiki a 70°C, kuma lokacin amsawa shine 40min don samun ɗanyen Na-CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose).

Neutralization da wankewa: ƙara 1moL·L-1 hydrochloric acid, da kuma neutralize da dauki a dakin zafin jiki har pH = 7 ~ 8.Sai a wanke sau biyu da ethanol 50%, sannan a wanke sau daya da ethanol 95%, a tace da tsotsa, sannan a bushe a 80-90.°C na 2 hours.

(2) Ƙayyade matakin maye gurbin samfurin: Hanyar ƙayyade acidity mita: Yi la'akari 0.2g (daidai zuwa 0.1mg) na samfurin Na-CMC mai tsabta da bushe, narkar da shi a cikin ruwa mai narkewa na 80mL, motsa shi ta hanyar lantarki don 10min, kuma daidaita shi. shi da acid ko alkali Maganin ya kawo pH na maganin zuwa 8. Sa'an nan kuma titrate maganin gwajin tare da sulfuric acid misali bayani a cikin beaker sanye take da pH mita electrode, da kuma lura da alamar pH mita yayin titrating har pH ne. 3.74.Kula da ƙarar daidaitaccen maganin sulfuric acid da aka yi amfani da shi.

1.2.2 Hanyar gwaji guda ɗaya

(1) Sakamakon adadin alkali akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose: gudanar da alkalization a 25℃, alkali nutsewa na 80 minutes, maida hankali a cikin ethanol bayani ne 75%, sarrafa adadin monochloroacetic acid reagent 3g, etherification zafin jiki ne 65 ~ 70.°C, lokacin etherification shine mintuna 100, kuma an canza adadin sodium hydroxide don gwajin.

(2) Sakamakon taro na maganin ethanol akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose: adadin ƙayyadadden alkali shine 3.2g, nutsewar alkaline a cikin ruwan wanka na ruwan zafi akai-akai a 25.°C don 80min, maida hankali na maganin ethanol shine 75%, adadin monochloroacetic acid reagent ana sarrafa shi a 3g, etherification Yanayin zafin jiki shine 65-70.°C, lokacin etherification shine 100min, kuma an canza maida hankali na maganin ethanol don gwaji.

(3) Sakamakon adadin monochloroacetic acid akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose: gyara a 25°C don alkalization, jiƙa a cikin alkali na minti 80, ƙara 3.2g na sodium hydroxide don yin taro na ethanol bayani 75%, ether The zazzabi ne 65 ~ 70°C, lokacin etherification shine 100min, kuma ana canza adadin monochloroacetic acid don gwaji.

(4) Tasirin zafin jiki na etherification akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose: gyara a 25°C don alkalization, jiƙa a cikin alkali na minti 80, ƙara 3.2g na sodium hydroxide don yin taro na ethanol bayani 75%, etherification zafin jiki The zazzabi ne 65 ~ 70℃, lokacin etherification shine 100min, kuma ana yin gwajin ta hanyar canza sashi na monochloroacetic acid.

(5) Sakamakon lokacin etherification akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose: gyarawa a 25°C don alkalisation, ƙara 3.2g na sodium hydroxide, da kuma jiƙa a cikin alkali don 80min don yin taro na ethanol bayani 75%, da kuma sarrafawa monochlor The sashi na acetic acid reagent ne 3g, da etherification zafin jiki ne 65 ~ 70.°C, kuma an canza lokacin etherification don gwaji.

1.2.3 Tsarin gwaji da haɓakawa na carboxymethyl cellulose

Dangane da gwajin nau'i guda ɗaya, an tsara juzu'in jujjuyawar juzu'i na quadratic regression orthogonal hade da gwaji tare da abubuwa huɗu da matakai biyar.Abubuwa hudu sune lokacin etherification, zafin jiki na etherification, adadin NaOH da adadin monochloroacetic acid.Gudanar da bayanan yana amfani da software na ƙididdiga na SAS8.2 don sarrafa bayanai, wanda ke bayyana dangantakar da ke tsakanin kowane tasiri mai tasiri da kuma matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose.dokokin ciki.

1.2.4 Hanyar nazarin SEM

Samfurin busasshen foda an gyara shi akan matakin samfurin tare da manne mai ɗaurewa, kuma bayan cire ruwan zinare, an duba shi kuma an ɗauki hotonsa ƙarƙashin na'urar duban na'urar lantarki ta Hitachi-S-3400N Hitachi.

2. Sakamako da bincike

2.1 Tasirin guda ɗaya akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose

2.1.1 Sakamakon adadin alkali akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose

Lokacin da aka ƙara NaOH3.2g zuwa 2g cellulose, matakin maye gurbin samfurin shine mafi girma.An rage adadin NaOH, wanda bai isa ba don samar da neutralization na alkaline cellulose da etherification wakili, kuma samfurin yana da ƙananan digiri na maye gurbin da ƙananan danko.Akasin haka, idan adadin NaOH ya yi yawa, halayen gefe yayin hydrolysis na chloroacetic acid zai haɓaka, yawan amfani da etherifying wakili zai karu, kuma danko samfurin kuma zai ragu.

2.1.2 Tasirin maida hankali na maganin ethanol akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose

Wani ɓangare na ruwa a cikin maganin ethanol yana kasancewa a cikin matsakaicin amsawa a waje da cellulose, ɗayan kuma yana cikin cellulose.Idan abun ciki na ruwa ya yi yawa, CMC zai kumbura a cikin ruwa don samar da jelly a lokacin etherification, wanda zai haifar da rashin daidaituwa;idan abun ciki na ruwa ya yi ƙanƙanta, amsawar zai yi wuya a ci gaba saboda rashin matsakaicin amsawa.Gabaɗaya, 80% ethanol shine mafi dacewa da sauran ƙarfi.

2.1.3 Tasirin sashi na monochloroacetic acid akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose

Adadin monochloroacetic acid da sodium hydroxide shine a ka'idar 1: 2, amma don matsar da martani zuwa jagorancin samar da CMC, tabbatar da cewa akwai tushe mai dacewa kyauta a cikin tsarin amsawa, don karboxymethylation na iya ci gaba da kyau.A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da hanyar wuce haddi alkali, wato, molar rabo na acid da alkali abubuwa ne 1: 2.2.

2.1.4 Tasirin etherification zafin jiki a kan mataki na maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose

Mafi girma da etherification zafin jiki, da sauri da dauki kudi, amma gefen halayen kuma accelerated.Daga ma'anar ma'auni na sinadarai, hawan zafin jiki ba shi da kyau ga samuwar CMC, amma idan yawan zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa sosai, ƙimar amsawa yana jinkirin kuma yawan amfani da wakili na etherifying yana da ƙasa.Ana iya ganin cewa mafi kyawun zafin jiki don etherification shine 70°C.

2.1.5 Tasirin lokacin etherification akan mataki na maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose

Tare da haɓakar lokacin etherification, matakin maye gurbin CMC yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana haɓaka saurin amsawa, amma bayan wani lokaci, halayen gefe suna ƙaruwa kuma ƙimar canji ta ragu.Lokacin da lokacin etherification ya kasance 100min, matakin maye gurbin shine matsakaicin.

2.2 Sakamakon gwajin Orthogonal da bincike na ƙungiyoyin carboxymethyl

Ana iya gani daga teburin bincike na bambance-bambancen cewa a cikin abu na farko, abubuwa hudu na lokacin etherification, zafin jiki na etherification, adadin NaOH da adadin monochloroacetic acid suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose (p). <0.01).Daga cikin abubuwan hulɗar, abubuwan hulɗar lokacin etherification da adadin monochloroacetic acid, da abubuwan hulɗar zafin jiki na etherification da adadin monochloroacetic acid yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose (p <0.01).Tsarin tasirin abubuwa daban-daban akan matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl cellulose shine: etherification zafin jiki> adadin monochloroacetic acid> lokacin etherification> adadin NaOH.

Bayan nazarin sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na ƙirar juzu'in jujjuyawar juzu'i na quadratic orthogonal, ana iya ƙaddara cewa mafi kyawun yanayin tsari don gyare-gyaren carboxymethylation sune: lokacin etherification 100min, zafin etherification 70.℃, NaOH sashi na 3.2g da monochloroacetic acid Matsakaicin shine 3.0g, kuma matsakaicin matakin maye gurbin shine 0.53.

2.3 Halayen aikin da ba a iya gani ba

A surface ilimin halittar jiki na cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose da giciye-linked carboxymethyl cellulose barbashi da aka yi nazarin electron microscopy.Cellulose yana girma a cikin siffar tsiri tare da santsi;gefen carboxymethyl cellulose yana da rougher fiye da na cellulose da aka cire, kuma tsarin rami yana ƙaruwa kuma ƙarar ya zama mafi girma.Wannan shi ne saboda tsarin daure ya zama mafi girma saboda kumburin carboxymethyl cellulose.

3. Kammalawa

3.1 Shiri na carboxymethyl etherified cellulose Tsarin mahimmancin abubuwa hudu da ke shafar matakin maye gurbin cellulose shine: etherification zafin jiki> monochloroacetic acid sashi> lokacin etherification> NaOH sashi.Mafi kyawun yanayin tsari na gyaran gyare-gyare na carboxymethylation shine lokacin etherification 100min, zazzabi etherification 70℃, NaOH sashi 3.2g, monochloroacetic acid sashi 3.0g, da matsakaicin matakin maye gurbin 0.53.

3.2 Mafi kyawun yanayin fasaha na gyare-gyare na carboxymethylation sune: lokacin etherification 100min, zafin etherification 70℃, NaOH sashi 3.2g, monochloroacetic acid sashi 3.0g, matsakaicin matsayi na canji 0.53.