Imiphumela ye-cellulose ethers ekuguqukeni kwezakhi zamanzi kanye nemikhiqizo ye-hydration ye-sulphoaluminate Cement paste

Izingxenye zamanzi kanye ne-microstructure evolution ku-cellulose ether modified sulphoaluminate Cement (CSA) slurry yacwaningwa nge-low field nuclear magnetic resonance kanye ne-thermal analyzer.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ngemva kokwengezwa kwe-cellulose ether, yakhanga amanzi phakathi kwezakhiwo ezinyakazayo, eyayibonakala njengesiqongo sesithathu sokuphumula esibukweni se-transverse relaxation (T2), kanye nenani lamanzi adsorbed lalihlotshaniswa kahle nomthamo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cellulose ether yenza kube lula ukushintshana kwamanzi phakathi kwezakhiwo zangaphakathi ne-inter-floc ze-CSA flocs.Nakuba ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether akunawo umthelela ezinhlotsheni zemikhiqizo ye-hydration ye-sulphoaluminate samente, kuzothinta inani lemikhiqizo ye-hydration yobudala obuthile.

Amagama angukhiye:i-cellulose ether;sulfoaluminate usimende;amanzi;imikhiqizo ye-hydration

0,Isandulela

I-Cellulose ether, ecutshungulwa ku-cellulose yemvelo ngochungechunge lwezinqubo, iyingxube yamakhemikhali evuselelekayo neluhlaza.Ama-ether e-cellulose avamile afana ne-methylcellulose (MC), i-ethylcellulose (HEC), ne-hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, ukwakhiwa nezinye izimboni.Ukuthatha i-HEMC njengesibonelo, ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokuvumelana kwe-Portland usimende, kodwa ibambezele ukumiswa kukasimende.Ezingeni le-microscopic, i-HEMC nayo inomthelela omkhulu ku-microstructure kanye nesakhiwo se-pore sokunamathisela usimende.Isibonelo, i-hydration product ettringite (AFt) kungenzeka ibe nokumise okwenduku emfushane, futhi i-aspect ratio yayo iphansi;ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elikhulu lama-pores avaliwe lingeniswa ekunamathisele usimende, ukunciphisa inani lama-pores okuxhumana.

Iningi lezifundo ezikhona ngethonya lama-cellulose ethers ezintweni ezisekelwe kusimende zigxile kusimende wasePortland.I-Sulfoaluminate Cement (CSA) iyisimende enekhabhoni ephansi eyakhiwe ngokuzimela ezweni lami ngekhulu lama-20, ene-anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate njengeminerali eyinhloko.Ngenxa yokuthi inani elikhulu le-AFt lingakhiqizwa ngemva kokufakwa kwamanzi, i-CSA inezinzuzo zamandla okuqala, ukungakwazi ukungena kwamanzi aphezulu, nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokunyathelisa nge-3D kakhonkolo, ukwakhiwa kobunjiniyela basolwandle, nokulungisa ngokushesha ezindaweni ezishisayo. .Eminyakeni yamuva, uLi Jian et al.ihlaziye ithonya le-HEMC kudaka lwe-CSA kusukela kumibono yamandla okucindezela kanye nokuminyana okumanzi;Wu Kai et al.wafunda umphumela we-HEMC ngenqubo yokuqala ye-hydration ye-CSA usimende, kodwa amanzi ku-samente ye-CSA eguquliwe Umthetho wokuziphendukela kwezakhi kanye nokwakheka kwe-slurry akwaziwa.Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, lo msebenzi ugxile ekusatshalalisweni kwesikhathi sokuphumula esiphambanayo (T2) ku-CSA usimende slurry ngaphambi nangemva kokwengeza i-HEMC ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi le-nuclear magnetic resonance eliphansi, futhi uhlaziya ngokuqhubekayo ukufuduka nokuguqula umthetho wamanzi emanzini. udaka.Ukuguqulwa kokwakheka kokunamathisela usimende kwacwaningwa.

1. Isivivinyo

1.1 Izinto ezisetshenziswayo

Osimende ababili be-sulphoaluminate abathengiswayo basetshenzisiwe, abakhonjwe njenge-CSA1 ne-CSA2, nokulahlekelwa ekushiseni (LOI) okungaphansi kuka-0.5% (ingxenyana yobuningi).

Kusetshenziswa ama-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose amathathu ahlukene, achazwa njenge-MC1, MC2 kanye ne-MC3 ngokulandelanayo.I-MC3 itholakala ngokuxuba u-5% (ingxenye yobuningi) i-polyacrylamide (PAM) ku-MC2.

1.2 Isilinganiso sokuxuba

Izinhlobo ezintathu zama-cellulose ether zaxutshwa kusimende we-sulphoaluminate ngokulandelana, imithamo yayiyi-0.1%, 0.2% kanye no-0.3% (ingxenye enkulu, efanayo ngezansi).Isilinganiso esinqunyiwe sikasimende samanzi singu-0.6, kanti isilinganiso samanzi nosimende sesilinganiso samanzi nosimende sinokusebenza kahle futhi akukho ukopha ngokuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kokuvumelana okujwayelekile.

1.3 Indlela

Okokusebenza kwe-NMR yenkundla ephansi esetshenziswe ocwaningweni yi-PQ⁃001 NMR analyzer evela e-Shanghai Numei Analytical Instrument Co., Ltd. Amandla kazibuthe kazibuthe unomphela ngu-0.49T, imvamisa ye-proton resonance ingu-21MHz, futhi izinga lokushisa likazibuthe ligcinwa lingaguquki ku-32.0°C. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ibhodlela elincane lengilazi eliqukethe isampula ye-cylindrical lafakwa kukhoyili ye-probe yethuluzi, futhi ukulandelana kwe-CPMG kwasetshenziselwa ukuqoqa isignali yokuphumula yokunamathisela usimende.Ngemuva kokuguqulwa yisoftware yokuhlaziya ukuhlobanisa, ijika le-T2 inversion latholwa kusetshenziswa i-Sirt inversion algorithm.Amanzi anamazinga ahlukene enkululeko ku-slurry azobonakala ngeziqongo ezihlukene zokuphumula ku-spectrum yokuphumula eguquguqukayo, futhi indawo yesiqongo sokuphumula ihlotshaniswa kahle nenani lamanzi, okusekelwe kulo uhlobo nokuqukethwe kwamanzi ku-slurry. ingahlaziywa.Ukuze ukhiqize i-nuclear magnetic resonance, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-centre frequency O1 (iyunithi: kHz) yefrikhwensi yomsakazo ihambisana nemvamisa kazibuthe, futhi i-O1 ilinganiswa nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Amasampuli ahlaziywa yi-TG?DSC ene-STA 449C ehlanganisiwe yokuhlaziya i-thermal evela kwa-NETZSCH, eJalimane.I-N2 isetshenziswe njengesimo sokuzivikela, izinga lokushisa lalingu-10°C/min, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuskena lalingu-30-800°C.

2. Imiphumela kanye nengxoxo

2.1 Ukuvela kwezingxenye zamanzi

2.1.1 I-ether ye-cellulose evuliwe

Iziqongo ezimbili zokuphumula (ezichazwe njengeziqongo zokuphumula zokuqala nezesibili) zingabonwa ngokucacile ku-spectra yesikhathi sokuphumula esiphambene (T2) se-sulphoaluminate Cement slurries.Isiqongo sokuqala sokuphumula sisuka ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-flocculation, esinezinga eliphansi lenkululeko kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokuphumula esiphambene;isiqongo sesibili sokuphumula sisuka phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-flocculation, ezinezinga elikhulu lenkululeko kanye nesikhathi eside sokuphumula esiguquguqukayo.Ngokuphambene, i-T2 ehambisana nenani eliphakeme lokuqala lokuphumula lamasimende amabili iyaqhathaniswa, kuyilapho ukuphakama kwesibili kokukhululeka kwe-CSA1 kuvela kamuva.Ihlukile kusimende se-sulphoaluminate kanye nosimende wokuzakhela, iziqongo ezimbili zokuphumuza ze-CSA1 ne-CSA2 zigqagqana kancane ukusuka kusimo sokuqala.Ngokuqhubeka kwe-hydration, i-peak yokuqala yokuphumula kancane kancane ijwayele ukuzimela, indawo iyancipha kancane kancane, futhi inyamalala ngokuphelele cishe imizuzu engama-90.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kukhona izinga elithile lokushintshaniswa kwamanzi phakathi kwesakhiwo se-flocculation kanye nesakhiwo se-flocculation yama-pastes amabili kasimende.

Ushintsho lwendawo ephakemeyo yesiqongo sesibili sokuphumula kanye noshintsho lwevelu ye-T2 ehambisana nesiqongo sokuphakama ngokulandelana kwazo kubonisa ushintsho lwamanzi amahhala nokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuboshwe ngokomzimba kanye noshintsho lwezinga lenkululeko yamanzi odaka. .Inhlanganisela yalokhu kokubili ingabonisa ngokugcwele inqubo ye-hydration ye-slurry.Ngokuthuthuka kwe-hydration, indawo ephakeme kancane kancane iyancipha, futhi ukushintshwa kwenani le-T2 kwesokunxele kuyakhula kancane kancane, futhi kukhona ubudlelwano obuthile obuhambisanayo phakathi kwabo.

2.1.2 Kwengezwe i-cellulose ether

Ukuthatha i-CSA2 exutshwe ne-0.3% MC2 njengesibonelo, i-spectrum yokuphumuza ye-T2 kasimende we-sulphoaluminate ngemva kokwengeza i-cellulose ether ingabonakala.Ngemva kokwengeza i-cellulose ether, isiqongo sesithathu sokuphumula esimelela ukukhangiswa kwamanzi nge-cellulose ether sivele endaweni lapho isikhathi sokuphumula esiphambene sasisikhulu kuno-100ms, futhi indawo ephakemeyo yanda kancane kancane ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether.

Inani lamanzi phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-flocculation lithintwa ukufuduka kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-flocculation kanye ne-adsorption yamanzi ye-cellulose ether.Ngakho-ke, inani lamanzi phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-flocculation lihlobene nesakhiwo se-pore yangaphakathi ye-slurry kanye namandla okukhangisa amanzi e-cellulose ether.Indawo yesiqongo sesibili sokuphumula iyahlukahluka kuye Okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kuyahlukahluka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zikasimende.Indawo yesiqongo sokuphumula sesibili se-CSA1 slurry yehla ngokuqhubekayo ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, futhi ibincane kakhulu kokuqukethwe okungu-0.3%.Ngokuphambene, indawo yesibili ephakeme yokuphumula ye-CSA2 slurry inyuka ngokuqhubekayo ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether.

Faka kuhlu ushintsho lwendawo yesiqongo sesithathu sokuphumula ngokwenyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether.Njengoba indawo ephakeme kakhulu ithintwa ikhwalithi yesampula, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yesampula eyengeziwe iyafana lapho ulayisha isampula.Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sendawo sisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa inani lesiginali lenani eliphakeme lesithathu lokuphumula kumasampuli ahlukene.Kusukela ekushintsheni kwendawo yesiqongo sesithathu sokuphumula ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, indawo yesiqongo sokuphumula sesithathu ngokuyisisekelo ibonise ukuthambekela okukhulayo (ngo I-CSA1, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-MC1 kungu-0.3%, kwakungaphezulu Indawo yokuphakama kwesithathu kokuphumula iyancipha kancane ngo-0.2%), okubonisa ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, amanzi adsorbed nawo ayanda kancane kancane.Phakathi kwama-slurries e-CSA1, i-MC1 ibe nokumuncwa kwamanzi okungcono kune-MC2 ne-MC3;ngenkathi phakathi kwe-CSA2 slurries, i-MC2 ibe nokumuncwa kwamanzi okungcono kakhulu.

Kungabonakala ekushintsheni kwendawo yesiqongo sesithathu sokuphumula kweyunithi yesisindo seyunithi ye-CSA2 ngesikhathi sokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether engu-0.3% ukuthi indawo yesiqongo sokuphumula sesithathu ngeyunithi ngayinye yehla ngokuqhubekayo ngokufakwa kwamanzi, okubonisa ukuthi Njengoba izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi le-CSA2 lishesha ukwedlula lelo likasimende kanye nosimende ozenzelayo, i-cellulose ether ayinaso isikhathi sokunwetshwa kwamanzi, futhi ikhipha amanzi adsorbed ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo kokugxiliswa kwesigaba soketshezi ku-slurry.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-adsorption yamanzi ye-MC2 inamandla kunaleyo ye-MC1 ne-MC3, ehambisana neziphetho zangaphambilini.Kungabonakala ekushintsheni kwendawo ephakemeyo ngeyunithi yesisindo somthamo wesithathu wokuphumula we-CSA1 ngesikhathi semithamo ehlukene engu-0.3% ye-cellulose ethers ukuthi umthetho wokushintsha wesilinganiso sesithathu sokuphumula se-CSA1 uhlukile kulowo we-CSA2, futhi indawo ye-CSA1 inyuka kafushane esigabeni sokuqala sokufakwa kwamanzi.Ngemva kokwanda ngokushesha, kwehle ukunyamalala, okungenzeka kungenxa yesikhathi eside sokujiyisa kwe-CSA1.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CSA2 iqukethe i-gypsum eyengeziwe, ukugeleza kwamanzi kulula ukwenza i-AFt eyengeziwe (3CaO Al2O3 3CaSO4 32H2O), idla amanzi amaningi amahhala, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi lidlula izinga lokukhangiswa kwamanzi nge-cellulose ether, engaholela indawo yesiqongo sokuphumula sesithathu se-CSA2 slurry iqhubekile nokuncipha.

Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-cellulose ether, iziqongo zokuphumula zokuqala nezesibili nazo zashintsha ngokwezinga elithile.Kungabonakala kububanzi obuphezulu bokuphakama kwesibili kokuphumuza kwezinhlobo ezimbili zodaka lukasimende kanye nodaka olusha ngemva kokwengeza i-cellulose ether ukuthi ububanzi besiqongo sokuphakama kwesibili kokukhululeka kwe-slurry entsha buhlukile ngemva kokwengeza i-cellulose ether.ukwanda, isimo esiphezulu sivame ukusakazeka.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kuvimbela i-agglomeration yezinhlayiya zikasimende ngezinga elithile, kwenza isakhiwo se-flocculation sikhululeke, senze buthaka izinga lokubopha lamanzi, futhi kwandisa izinga lenkululeko yamanzi phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-flocculation.Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda komthamo, ukwanda kobubanzi bokuphakama akubonakali, futhi ububanzi bokuphakama kwamanye amasampuli buyancipha.Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwanda komthamo kwandisa i-viscosity yesigaba se-liquid se-slurry, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-adsorption ye-cellulose ether ezinhlayiyeni zikasimende iyathuthukiswa ukuze kubangele ukugeleza.Izinga lenkululeko yomswakama phakathi kwezakhiwo liyancishiswa.

Ukulungiswa kungasetshenziswa ukuchaza izinga lokuhlukaniswa phakathi kweziqongo zokuphumula zokuqala nezesibili.Izinga lokuhlukaniswa lingabalwa ngokwezinga lesinqumo = (Ingxenye ye-Afirst-Asaddle)/ingxenye ye-Afirst, lapho ingxenye ye-Afirst ne-Asaddle imelela ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesiqongo sokuqala sokuphumula kanye nokuphakama kwephuzu eliphansi kakhulu phakathi kweziqongo ezimbili, ngokulandelana.Izinga lokuhlukaniswa lingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa izinga lokushintshisana kwamanzi phakathi kwesakhiwo se-slurry flocculation kanye nesakhiwo se-flocculation, futhi inani ngokuvamile li-0-1.Inani eliphakeme lokuhlukanisa libonisa ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili zamanzi zinzima kakhulu ukushintshanisa, futhi inani elilingana no-1 libonisa ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili zamanzi azikwazi ukushintshanisa nhlobo.

Kungabonakala emiphumeleni yokubala yedigri yokuhlukanisa ukuthi idigri yokuhlukanisa yamasimende amabili ngaphandle kokwengeza i-cellulose ether ilingana, kokubili cishe ku-0.64, futhi idigri yokuhlukanisa iyancipha kakhulu ngemva kokwengeza i-cellulose ether.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isixazululo siyehla ngokunyuka komthamo, futhi ukuxazululwa kweziqongo ezimbili zehla ku-0 ku-CSA2 exutshwe no-0.3% MC3, okubonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether ikhuthaza kakhulu ukushintshana kwamanzi ngaphakathi naphakathi izakhiwo ze-flocculation .Ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether ngokuyisisekelo akunawo umthelela endaweni kanye nendawo yesiqongo sokuqala sokuphumula, kungase kucatshangwe ukuthi ukwehla kwesinqumo ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokwanda kobubanzi bokuphakama kwesibili kokuphumula, futhi isakhiwo se-flocculation esikhululekile senza ukushintshaniswa kwamanzi phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kube lula.Ukwengeza, ukugqagqana kwe-cellulose ether esakhiweni se-slurry kuthuthukisa nakakhulu izinga lokushintshisana kwamanzi phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwesakhiwo se-flocculation.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umphumela wokunciphisa ukulungiswa kwe-cellulose ether ku-CSA2 unamandla kunalowo we-CSA1, okungenzeka kungenxa yendawo encane ethize kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinkulu we-CSA2, ozwela kakhulu kumphumela wokuhlakazwa kwe-cellulose ether ngemva kwalokho. ukufakwa.

2.2 Izinguquko ekubunjweni kodaka

Kusukela ku-spectra ye-TG-DTG ye-CSA1 ne-CSA2 slurries efakwe emanzini amaminithi angu-90, amaminithi angu-150 kanye nosuku olungu-1, kungabonakala ukuthi izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-hydration azizange zishintshe ngaphambi nangemva kokwengeza i-cellulose ether, futhi i-AFt, i-AFm ne-AH3 yayiphelele. kwakheka.Izincwadi zikhomba ukuthi uhla lokubola lwe-AFt luyi-50-120°C;uhla lokubola lwe-AFm luyi-160-220°C;uhla lokubola lwe-AH3 luyi-220-300°C. Ngokuqhubeka kwe-hydration, ukuncipha kwesisindo sesampula kwanda kancane kancane, futhi izici eziphezulu ze-DTG ze-AFt, AFm kanye ne-AH3 kancane kancane zaba sobala, okubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo emithathu ye-hydration yanda kancane kancane.

Kusukela engxenyeni enkulu yomkhiqizo ngamunye we-hydration kusampula eminyakeni ehlukene yokugeleza kwamanzi, kungabonakala ukuthi isizukulwane se-AFt sesampula esingenalutho ku-1d yobudala sidlula isampula ehlanganiswe ne-cellulose ether, okubonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether inethonya elikhulu i-hydration ye-slurry ngemva kokuqina.Kunomphumela wokulibaziseka othile.Emaminithini angu-90, ukukhiqizwa kwe-AFm kwamasampuli amathathu kwahlala kunjalo;emizuzwini engama-90-150, ukukhiqizwa kwe-AFm kusampula engenalutho bekuhamba kancane kakhulu kunalawo amanye amaqembu amabili amasampula;ngemva kosuku olungu-1, okuqukethwe kwe-AFm kusampula engenalutho kwakufana nalokho kwesampula exutshwe ne-MC1, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-AFm kwesampula ye-MC2 bekuphansi kakhulu kwamanye amasampuli.Ngokuqondene nomkhiqizo we-hydration AH3, izinga lokukhiqiza lesampula elingenalutho le-CSA1 ngemva kokufakwa emanzini imizuzu engu-90 lalihamba kancane kakhulu kunalelo le-cellulose ether, kodwa izinga lokukhiqiza lalishesha kakhulu ngemva kwemizuzu engu-90, kanye nenani lokukhiqizwa kwe-AH3 lamasampuli amathathu. ibilingana ngosuku olungu-1.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-CSA2 slurry ifakwe amanzi ku-90min kanye ne-150min, inani le-AFT elikhiqizwe kusampula elixutshwe ne-cellulose ether lalingaphansi kakhulu kunalelo lesampula elingenalutho, okubonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether nayo ibe nomthelela othile wokuvinjelwa kwe-CSA2 slurry.Kumasampuli aneminyaka engu-1d, kutholwe ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-AFt kwesampula engenalutho kwakusengaphezulu kwalokho kwesampula exutshwe ne-cellulose ether, okubonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether isenomphumela othile wokuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwe-CSA2 ngemva kokusetha kokugcina, kanye nezinga lokuhlehla ku-MC2 lalilikhulu kunalelo lesampula elingezwe nge-cellulose ether.I-MC1.Emaminithini angu-90, inani le-AH3 elikhiqizwe isampula elingenalutho lalingaphansi kancane kunalelo lesampula elixutshwe ne-cellulose ether;ngemizuzu engu-150, i-AH3 ekhiqizwe isampula engenalutho yeqa leyo yesampula exutshwe ne-cellulose ether;ngosuku olungu-1, i-AH3 ekhiqizwe amasampuli amathathu yayilingana.

3. Isiphetho

(1) I-cellulose ether ingakhuthaza ngokuphawulekayo ukushintshana kwamanzi phakathi kwesakhiwo se-flocculation kanye nesakhiwo se-flocculation.Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-cellulose ether, i-cellulose ether ikhangisa amanzi ku-slurry, ebonakala njengesiqongo sesithathu sokuphumula ku-spectrum yesikhathi sokuphumula esiphambene (T2).Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuyanda, futhi indawo yesiqongo sesithathu sokuphumula iyanda.Amanzi amuncwa i-cellulose ether adedelwa kancane kancane esakhiweni se-flocculation ne-hydration ye-slurry.

(2) Ukufakwa kwe-cellulose ether kuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya zikasimende ngezinga elithile, okwenza isakhiwo se-flocculation sikhululeke;futhi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe, i-viscosity yesigaba se-liquid ye-slurry iyanda, futhi i-cellulose ether inomthelela omkhulu ezinhlayiyeni ze-samente.Umthelela we-adsorption othuthukisiwe wehlisa izinga lenkululeko yamanzi phakathi kwezakhiwo ezi-flocculated.

(3) Ngaphambi nangemva kokwengezwa kwe-cellulose ether, izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-hydration ku-sulphoaluminate simenti slurry ayizange ishintshe, futhi i-AFt, i-AFm ne-aluminium glue yakhiwa;kodwa i-cellulose ether ibambezele kancane ukwakheka komphumela wemikhiqizo ye-hydration.