1. Ubwoko bwibibyimba hamwe nuburyo bwo kubyimba
(1) Kwiyongera kutajegajega:
Ibibyimbye bidasanzwe muri sisitemu ishingiye kumazi ni ibumba.Nka: bentonite.Isi ya Kaolin hamwe na diatomaceous (igice cyingenzi ni SiO2, ifite imiterere yuzuye) rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bifasha umubyimba wa sisitemu yo kubyimba kubera imiterere yabyo.Bentonite ikoreshwa cyane kubera amazi menshi.Bentonite (Bentonite), izwi kandi ku izina rya bentonite, bentonite, n'ibindi, imyunyu ngugu ya bentonite ni montmorillonite irimo imyunyu ngugu ya alkali na alkaline yisi ya hydrous aluminosilicate minerval, iri mu itsinda rya aluminosilicate, amata rusange y’imiti ni: (Na , Ca) (Al, Mg) 6 (Si4O10) 3 (OH) 6 • nH2O.Imikorere yo kwaguka ya bentonite igaragazwa nubushobozi bwo kwaguka, ni ukuvuga ingano ya bentonite nyuma yo kubyimba mumazi ya hydrochloric acide bita ubushobozi bwo kwaguka, bigaragarira muri ml / garama.Iyo umubyimba wa bentonite umaze gufata amazi no kubyimba, ingano irashobora kugera inshuro nyinshi cyangwa inshuro icumi ko mbere yo gufata amazi, bityo ikagira ihagarikwa ryiza, kandi kubera ko ari ifu ifite ubunini buke buke, itandukanye nandi mafu ari muri kote. Sisitemu.Umubiri ufite kwibeshya.Mubyongeyeho, mugihe utanga ihagarikwa, irashobora gutwara izindi poro kugirango zitange ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zo kurwanya stratifike, bityo rero ni byiza cyane kunoza ububiko bwa sisitemu.
Ariko bentonite nyinshi ishingiye kuri sodium ihindurwa kuva calcium ishingiye kuri bentonite binyuze muri sodium.Mugihe kimwe cya sodiumi, hazakorwa umubare munini wa ion nziza nka calcium ion na sodium ion.Niba ibikubiye muri cations muri sisitemu ari byinshi cyane, umubare munini wokutabogama kwishyurwa uzabyara amafaranga mabi hejuru ya emulsiya, kuburyo kurwego runaka, Irashobora gutera ingaruka nko kubyimba no guhindagurika kwa emuliyoni.Ku rundi ruhande, izo ion ion za calcium nazo zizagira ingaruka mbi ku gukwirakwiza umunyu wa sodiumi (cyangwa ikwirakwiza polyphosifate), bigatuma izo zikwirakwiza zigwa muri sisitemu yo gutwikira, amaherezo bikaviramo no gutakaza gutatanya, bigatuma igifuniko kibyimbye, kibyimbye cyangwa ndetse umubyimba.Imvura ikabije hamwe na flocculation byabaye.Byongeye kandi, umubyimba wa bentonite ushingiye cyane cyane ku ifu kugirango yinjize amazi kandi yagure kugirango itange ihagarikwa, bityo bizazana ingaruka zikomeye za thixotropique kuri sisitemu yo gutwikira, bikaba bidakwiriye cyane kubitambaro bisaba ingaruka nziza zingana.Kubwibyo, bentonite inorganic umubyimba ntikunze gukoreshwa mumarangi ya latex, kandi umubare muto gusa niwo ukoreshwa nkibibyimbye mubyiciro byo hasi ya latx cyangwa gusiga irangi rya latx.Ariko, mumyaka yashize, amakuru amwe yerekanye ko Hemmings 'BENTONE®LT.byahinduwe muburyo bunoze kandi bunonosoye bwa hectorite bifite ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya ubutayu hamwe na atomisiyasi iyo ikoreshejwe kuri latx irangi idafite uburyo bwo gutera.
(2) Cellulose ether:
Cellulose ether ni polymer karemano isanzwe ikorwa na kondegene ya β-glucose.Ukoresheje ibiranga itsinda rya hydroxyl mumpeta ya glucosyl, selile irashobora kugira reaction zitandukanye kugirango itange urukurikirane rwibikomoka.Muri byo, reaction ya esterification na etherification iraboneka.Ester ya selulose cyangwa selulose ether ikomokaho ningirakamaro cyane ya selile.Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa ni carboxymethyl selulose,hydroxyethyl selile, methyl selulose, hydroxypropyl methyl selulose nibindi.Kubera ko carboxymethyl selulose irimo sodium ion zishonga byoroshye mumazi, zifite amazi mabi, kandi umubare wabasimbuye kumurongo wacyo nyamukuru ni muto, kuburyo byangirika byoroshye na bagiteri yangirika, bikagabanya ubwiza bwumuti wamazi ukabikora. impumuro, nibindi. Fenomenon, gake ikoreshwa mumarangi ya latex, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa murwego rwo hasi rwa polyvinyl alcool glue irangi na putty.Igipimo cyo gusesa amazi ya methylcellulose muri rusange kiri munsi gato ugereranije na hydroxyethylcellulose.Byongeye kandi, hashobora kubaho ibintu bike bidashonga mugihe cyo gusesa, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere no kwiyumvamo ya firime, bityo ntibikunze gukoreshwa mumarangi ya latex.Nyamara, ubuso bwubuso bwumuti wa methyl wamazi uri munsi gato ugereranije nibindi bisubizo byamazi ya selile, bityo rero ni umubyimba mwiza wa selile ukoreshwa muri putty.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nayo ni selile ya selile ikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye na putty, ubu ikaba ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri sima cyangwa lime-calcium ishingiye kuri putty (cyangwa izindi binders organique).Hydroxyethyl selulose ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yo gusiga irangi kubera amazi meza kandi meza.Ugereranije nizindi selile, ntigira ingaruka nke mubikorwa bya firime.Ibyiza bya hydroxyethyl selulose harimo gukora pompe nziza, guhuza neza, kubika neza, hamwe na pH ihagaze neza.Ingaruka ni ukutaringaniza gutemba hamwe no kurwanya nabi.Kugirango tunonosore izo nenge, guhindura hydrophobique byagaragaye.Hydroxyethylcellulose ijyanye n'imibonano mpuzabitsina (HMHEC) nka NatrosolPlus330, 331
(3) Polycarboxylates:
Muri iyi polyakarubisi, uburemere buke bwa molekile ni umubyimba, kandi uburemere buke bwa molekile ni butatanye.Byinshi cyane byamamaza molekules zamazi mumurongo wingenzi wa sisitemu, byongera ubwiza bwicyiciro cyatatanye;mubyongeyeho, barashobora kandi kwamamazwa hejuru yubutaka bwa latex kugirango babeho igipfundikizo, cyongera ubunini bwikigero cya latex, kibyimba hydratiya ya latx, kandi byongera ubwiza bwicyiciro cyimbere cya latex.Nyamara, ubu bwoko bwo kubyibuha bufite ubushobozi buke bwo kubyibuha, bityo bikavaho buhoro buhoro mugukoresha porogaramu.Noneho ubu bwoko bwo kubyimba bukoreshwa cyane cyane mubyimbye byamabara, kubera ko uburemere bwa molekile bwayo ari bunini, bityo bikaba bifasha gukwirakwiza no kubika neza amabara.
(4) Alkali-kubyimba kubyimbye:
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa alkali-kubyimba kubyimbye: ibisanzwe bisanzwe bya alkali-kubyimba hamwe na alkali-kubyimba kubyimbye.Itandukaniro rinini hagati yabo ni itandukaniro muri monomer zifitanye isano zirimo urunigi nyamukuru.Ibibyimba bya alkali-kubyimba byabyimbye hamwe na monomer zifatika zishobora guterana muburyo bwimiterere yuruhererekane, bityo rero nyuma ya ionisiyoneri mugisubizo cyamazi, imbere ya molekulari cyangwa hagati ya molekuline irashobora kubaho, bigatuma ububobere bwa sisitemu buzamuka vuba.
a.Ubusanzwe alkali-kubyimba kubyimbye:
Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru byerekana ubwoko bwa alkali-yabyimbye cyane ni ASE-60.ASE-60 ifata cyane cyane cololymerisation ya acide methacrylic na Ethyl acrylate.Mugihe cyimikorere ya cololymerisation, aside methacrylic igizwe na 1/3 cyibintu bikomeye, kubera ko kuba amatsinda ya carboxyl atuma urunigi rwa molekile rufite urwego runaka rwa hydrophilique, kandi bikabangamira uburyo bwo gukora umunyu.Bitewe no kwanga kwishyurwa, iminyururu ya molekile iragurwa, ibyo bikaba byongera ubwiza bwa sisitemu kandi bikabyara ingaruka.Nyamara, rimwe na rimwe uburemere bwa molekile ni nini cyane bitewe nigikorwa cyo guhuza ibikorwa.Mugihe cyo kwaguka k'urunigi rwa molekile, urunigi rwa molekile ntirukwirakwira neza mugihe gito.Mugihe cyo kubika igihe kirekire, urunigi rwa molekile ruramburwa buhoro buhoro, ruzana Post-kubyimba kwijimye.Byongeye kandi, kubera ko hariho monomers nkeya ya hydrophobi mumurongo wa molekuline yubwoko nkubu, ntabwo byoroshye kubyara hydrophobique igoye hagati ya molekile, cyane cyane gukora imitekerereze ya interorolecular, bityo rero ubu bwoko bwibyimbye bufite ubushobozi buke bwo kubyimba, bityo rero gake ikoreshwa wenyine.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane hamwe nubundi bubyibushye.
b.Ishyirahamwe (concord) ubwoko bwa alkali kubyimba kubyimbye:
Ubu bwoko bwo kubyimba ubu bufite ubwoko bwinshi kubera guhitamo monomer zifatanije no gushushanya imiterere ya molekile.Imiterere nyamukuru yuruhererekane nayo igizwe ahanini na acide methacrylic na Ethyl acrylate, kandi monomers ifitanye isano na antenne mumiterere, ariko ni bike mukwirakwiza.Nibo ba monomer bifatanya nka amahema ya octopus bafite uruhare runini muburyo bwo kubyimba neza.Itsinda rya carboxyl mumiterere ntirishobora kubogama no gukora umunyu, kandi urunigi rwa molekile narwo rumeze nkibibyimba bisanzwe bya alkali.Kwanga kwishyurwa kimwe bibaho, kugirango urunigi rwa molekile rufungure.Ihuriro rya monomer muri ryo naryo ryaguka hamwe n’urunigi rwa molekile, ariko imiterere yarwo irimo iminyururu ya hydrophilique n’iminyururu ya hydrophobique, bityo imiterere nini ya micellar nini isa na surfactants izabyara muri molekile cyangwa hagati ya molekile.Izi micelles zikorwa na adsorption ya monomers yishyirahamwe, hamwe na monomers yishyirahamwe bamwe bamenyekanisha hagati yabo binyuze mumirasire yibice bya emulsiyo (cyangwa ibindi bice).Micelles imaze gukorwa, itunganya uduce duto twa emulsiyo, uduce duto twa molekile yamazi cyangwa ibindi bice muri sisitemu muburyo busa nkaho bihagaze neza, kuburyo kugenda kwa molekile (cyangwa ibice) bigenda bigabanuka ndetse nubukonje bwa Sisitemu iriyongera.Kubwibyo, kubyimbye kwubu bwoko bwibyimbye, cyane cyane mumarangi ya latex hamwe nibintu byinshi bya emulsiyo, birarenze kure cyane ibyibisanzwe bya alkali-byabyimbye, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mumarangi ya latex.Uhagarariye ibicuruzwa nyamukuru Ubwoko ni TT-935.
(5) Associate polyurethane (cyangwa polyether) kubyimba no kuringaniza:
Mubisanzwe, umubyimba ufite uburemere buke cyane (nka selile na aside acrylic), kandi iminyururu ya molekile irambuye mumuti wamazi kugirango wongere ububobere bwa sisitemu.Uburemere bwa molekuline ya polyurethane (cyangwa polyether) ni nto cyane, kandi bugira ahanini ishyirahamwe binyuze mumikoranire yingufu za van der Waals zingingo ya lipofilique hagati ya molekile, ariko iyi mbaraga yishyirahamwe irakomeye, kandi ishyirahamwe rishobora gukorwa mugihe runaka imbaraga zo hanze.Gutandukana, bityo bikagabanya ubukonje, bifasha kuringaniza firime ya coating, bityo irashobora gukina uruhare rwumukozi uringaniza.Iyo imbaraga zo gukata zavanyweho, irashobora gusubukura vuba ishyirahamwe, kandi ubwiza bwa sisitemu burazamuka.Iki kintu ni ingirakamaro kugabanya ubukonje no kongera urwego mugihe cyo kubaka;hanyuma imbaraga zo gukata zimaze gutakara, ibishishwa bizahita bisubizwaho kugirango byongere umubyimba wa firime.Mubikorwa bifatika, duhangayikishijwe cyane ningaruka zo kwiyongera kwingingo zifatika kuri polymer emulisiyo.Igice kinini cya polymer latex nacyo kigira uruhare muguhuza sisitemu, kuburyo ubu bwoko bwo kubyimba no kuringaniza ibintu nabyo bigira ingaruka nziza yo kubyimba (cyangwa kuringaniza) mugihe biri munsi yibitekerezo byayo bikomeye;iyo kwibumbira hamwe muburyo bwo kubyimba no kuringaniza Iyo birenze hejuru yibitekerezo byayo mumazi meza, birashobora gushinga amashyirahamwe yonyine, kandi ubwiza bukazamuka vuba.Kubwibyo, mugihe ubu bwoko bwo kubyimba no kuringaniza ibintu biri munsi yibitekerezo byacyo bikomeye, kubera ko uduce duto twa latx tugira uruhare mu guhuza igice, uko ingano ntoya ya emulioni, niko ishyirahamwe rikomera, hamwe nubukonje bwaryo biziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwa ingano ya emulsiyo.Byongeye kandi, bamwe batatanye (cyangwa acrylic thickeners) irimo hydrophobique, kandi amatsinda yabo ya hydrophobique akorana naya polyurethane, kuburyo sisitemu ikora imiterere nini y'urusobe, ifasha kubyimbye.
2. Ingaruka zibyibushye zitandukanye kubirwanya gutandukanya amazi ya latex
Mugushushanya gushushanya amarangi ashingiye kumazi, gukoresha umubyimba ni ihuriro ryingenzi cyane, rifitanye isano nibintu byinshi byamabara ya latx, nko kubaka, iterambere ryamabara, kubika no kugaragara.Hano turibanda ku ngaruka zo gukoresha umubyimba mububiko bwa irangi rya latex.Duhereye ku ntangiriro yavuzwe haruguru, dushobora kumenya ko bentonite na polyakarubisi: umubyimba ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu mwenda udasanzwe, utazaganirwaho hano.Tuzaganira cyane cyane kuri selile ikoreshwa cyane, kubyimba alkali, hamwe na polyurethane (cyangwa polyether) kubyimbye, byonyine kandi hamwe, bigira ingaruka kumyanya yo gutandukanya amazi yamabara ya latx.
Nubwo kubyimba hamwe na hydroxyethyl selulose yonyine birakomeye mugutandukanya amazi, biroroshye kubyutsa neza.Gukoresha inshuro imwe kubyimba alkali kubyimba ntigutandukanya amazi nubushyuhe ariko kubyimba cyane nyuma yo kubyimba.Gukoresha inshuro imwe kubyimba polyurethane, nubwo gutandukanya amazi no kubyibuha nyuma kubyimbye Kubyimba ntabwo bikomeye, ariko imvura iterwa nayo biragoye kandi biragoye kubyutsa.Kandi ifata hydroxyethyl selulose na alkali kubyimba kubyimbye, nta nyuma yo kubyimba, nta mvura igwa, byoroshye kubyutsa, ariko hariho n'amazi make.Nyamara, iyo hydroxyethyl selulose na polyurethane bikoreshejwe kubyimba, gutandukanya amazi nibyo bikomeye cyane, ariko nta mvura igwa.Kwiyongera kwa Alkali-kubyimba hamwe na polyurethane bikoreshwa hamwe, nubwo gutandukanya amazi mubyukuri nta gutandukanya amazi, ariko nyuma yo kubyimba, kandi imyanda yo hepfo iragoye kubyutsa neza.Kandi iyanyuma ikoresha hydroxyethyl selulose nkeya hamwe no kubyimba kwa alkali hamwe no kubyimba polyurethane kugirango igire leta imwe nta mvura igwa no gutandukanya amazi.Birashobora kugaragara ko muri sisitemu yera ya acrylic emulion ifite hydrophobicity ikomeye, birakomeye cyane kubyimba icyiciro cyamazi hamwe na hydrophilique hydroxyethyl selulose, ariko irashobora gukangurwa byoroshye.Gukoresha inshuro imwe ya hydrophobique alkali kubyimba hamwe na polyurethane (cyangwa ibiyigize) kubyimba, nubwo imikorere yo gutandukanya amazi aribyiza, ariko byombi byiyongera nyuma, kandi niba hari imvura igwa, byitwa imvura igoye, bigoye kubyutsa kimwe.Gukoresha selile ya selile na polyurethane kubyimbye, kubera itandukaniro rya kure mumico ya hydrophilique na lipofilique, bivamo gutandukanya amazi n’imvura cyane, ariko imyanda iroroshye kandi yoroshye kubyutsa.Inzira yanyuma ifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya amazi bitewe nuburinganire bwiza hagati ya hydrophilique na lipofilique.Byumvikane ko, muburyo bwo gutegura formulaire, ubwoko bwa emulisiyo hamwe no guhanagura no gukwirakwiza ibintu hamwe nindangagaciro za hydrophilique na lipofilique nabyo bigomba gutekerezwa.Gusa iyo bageze kuringaniza nziza sisitemu irashobora kuba muburyo bwa termodinamike iringaniye kandi ikagira amazi meza.
Muri sisitemu yo kubyimba, kubyimba kwicyiciro cyamazi rimwe na rimwe biherekejwe no kwiyongera kwijimye ryicyiciro cyamavuta.Kurugero, muri rusange twemera ko umubyimba wa selile uzamura icyiciro cyamazi, ariko selile ikwirakwizwa mugice cyamazi
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-29-2022