1. Ụdị thickeners na ndim usoro
(1) Ihe na-esighi ike:
Inorganic thickeners na mmiri dabeere na usoro bụ tumadi clays.Dị ka: bentonite.A na-eji Kaolin na ụwa diatomaceous (isi ihe mejupụtara ya bụ SiO2, nke nwere ihe owuwu porous) na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe enyemaka inyeaka maka sistem na-eme ka ọ sie ike n'ihi ihe nkwusioru ha.A na-ejikarị Bentonite eme ihe n'ihi nnukwu mmiri-swellability ya.Bentonite (Bentonite), nke a makwaara dị ka bentonite, bentonite, wdg, isi mineral nke bentonite bụ montmorillonite nwere obere alkali na alkaline earth metal hydrous aluminosilicate mineral, nke ndị otu aluminosilicate, usoro kemịkalụ ya n'ozuzu bụ: ,Ca)(Al,Mg)6(Si4O10)3(OH)6•nH2O.A na-egosipụta arụmọrụ mgbasawanye nke bentonite site na ikike mgbasawanye, ya bụ, olu nke bentonite mgbe ọzịza na ngwọta hydrochloric acid dilute a na-akpọ ikike mgbasawanye, gosipụtara na ml / gram.Mgbe bentonite thickener na-amịkọrọ mmiri ma zaa, olu nwere ike iru ọtụtụ ugboro ma ọ bụ ugboro iri tupu ịmịnye mmiri, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere nkwusioru dị mma, na n'ihi na ọ bụ ntụ ntụ nke nwere oke nha nha, ọ dị iche na ntụ ntụ ndị ọzọ na mkpuchi. usoro.Ahụ nwere ezigbo miscibility.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mgbe ọ na-emepụta nkwusioru, ọ nwere ike ịkwanye ntụ ntụ ndị ọzọ iji mepụta mmetụta mgbochi stratification, n'ihi ya, ọ na-enye aka nke ukwuu iji melite nkwụsi ike nke usoro ahụ.
Ma ọtụtụ bentonites dabeere na sodium na-agbanwe site na bentonite nke calcium site na ntụgharị sodium.N'otu oge nke sodiumization, a ga-emepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ion dị mma dị ka calcium ion na sodium ion.Ọ bụrụ na ọdịnaya nke cations ndị a na usoro dị oke elu, a ga-emepụta nnukwu ego neutralization na ebubo na-adịghị mma n'elu emulsion, ya mere ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, Ọ nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ndị dị ka ọzịza na flocculation nke. emulsion.N'aka nke ọzọ, ions calcium ndị a ga-enwekwa mmetụta dị n'akụkụ sodium nnu dispersant (ma ọ bụ polyphosphate dispersant), na-eme ka ndị na-ekesa ndị a na-eme ka ọ dị elu na usoro mkpuchi ahụ, na-emecha mee ka ọ ghara ịdị na-agbasa, na-eme ka mkpuchi ahụ dịkwuo ukwuu, dị arọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna. ibu.Oke mmiri ozuzo na oke mmiri mere.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mmetụta dị nro nke bentonite na-adabere na ntụ ntụ iji nweta mmiri ma gbasaa iji mepụta nkwusioru, n'ihi ya, ọ ga-eweta mmetụta thixotropic siri ike na usoro mkpuchi, nke na-adịghị mma maka mkpuchi nke na-achọ ezigbo ọkwa ọkwa.Ya mere, a naghị ejikarị bentonite inorganic thickeners mee ihe na agba latex, ma ọ bụ naanị obere ego ka a na-eji dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na agba latex dị ala ma ọ bụ agba agba.Agbanyeghị, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụfọdụ data egosila na Hemmings'BENTONE®LT.hectorite gbanwetụrụ na nke a nụchara anụcha nwere ezigbo mgbochi sedimentation na mmetụta atomization mgbe etinyere ya na sistemụ ịgba mmiri na-enweghị ikuku nke latex.
(2) Cellulose ether:
Cellulose ether bụ polima dị elu sitere n'okike kpụrụ site na condensation nke β-glucose.N'iji njirimara nke otu hydroxyl na mgbanaka glucosyl, cellulose nwere ike ime mmeghachi omume dị iche iche iji mepụta usoro nke usoro.N'ime ha, a na-enweta mmeghachi omume esterification na etherification.Ester cellulose ma ọ bụ cellulose ether ether bụ ihe kachasị mkpa cellulose.Ngwaahịa ndị a na-ejikarị bụ carboxymethyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose na na.N'ihi na carboxymethyl cellulose nwere sodium ion na-adị mfe soluble na mmiri, ọ na-adịghị mma na mmiri na-eguzogide, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke substituents na ya isi yinye dị obere, n'ihi ya, ọ na-adị mfe decomposed site nje corrosion, ibelata viscosity nke aqueous ngwọta na-eme ya. na-esi ísì, wdg. Phenomenon, adịkarịghị eji na latex agba, n'ozuzu eji na obere ọkwa polyvinyl mmanya gluu agba na putty.Ọnụego mgbasa mmiri nke methylcellulose na-adịkarị ntakịrị ala karịa nke hydroxyethylcellulose.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, enwere ike ịnwe obere ihe na-adịghị edozi ahụ n'oge usoro nkwụsịtụ, nke ga-emetụta ọdịdị na mmetụta nke ihe nkiri mkpuchi, ya mere a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na agba latex.Otú ọ dị, esemokwu elu nke ngwọta methyl aqueous dị ntakịrị ala karịa nke ngwọta mmiri cellulose ndị ọzọ, ya mere ọ bụ ezigbo cellulose thickener eji na putty.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụkwa cellulose thickener nke a na-ejikarị n'ọhịa nke putty, ma ugbu a na-ejikarị na ciment dabeere ma ọ bụ lime-calcium nke dabeere putty (ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ inorganic binders).A na-eji hydroxyethyl cellulose eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na sistemu agba latex n'ihi ezigbo mmiri solubility ya na njide mmiri.E jiri ya tụnyere celluloses ndị ọzọ, ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na ọrụ mkpuchi mkpuchi.Uru nke hydroxyethyl cellulose gụnyere arụmọrụ mgbapụta dị elu, ndakọrịta dị mma, nkwụsi ike nchekwa dị mma, na nkwụsi ike pH dị mma nke viscosity.Ọdịmma ya bụ mmiri na-adịghị larịị larịị na adịghị mma nfesa nguzogide.Iji meziwanye adịghị ike ndị a, mgbanwe hydrophobic apụtala.Hydroxyethylcellulose (HMHEC) metụtara mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị dịka NatrosolPlus330, 331
(3) Polycarboxylates:
N'ime polycarboxylate a, ịdị arọ molekụla dị elu bụ ihe na-ejupụta, na ịdị arọ molekụla dị ala bụ ihe na-ekesa.Ha tumadi adsorb mmiri ụmụ irighiri ihe na isi yinye nke usoro, nke enwekwu viscosity nke achụsasịrị agba;na mgbakwunye, ha nwekwara ike na-adsorbed n'elu nke latex ụmụ irighiri na-etolite a mkpuchi oyi akwa, nke na-eme ka urughuru size nke latex na-amụba hydration oyi akwa nke latex, na-abawanye viscosity nke esịtidem frasi nke latex.Otú ọ dị, ụdị thickener a nwere arụmọrụ dị ala dị ala, n'ihi ya, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpochapụ ya na ngwa mkpuchi.Ugbu a, ụdị thickener na-bụ-eji na ndim nke agba tapawa, n'ihi na ya molekụla arọ bụ dịtụ nnukwu, n'ihi ya, ọ na-enyere aka dispersibility na nchekwa kwụsie ike nke agba mado.
(4) Okpokoro Alkali-swellable:
E nwere ihe abụọ bụ isi ụdị alkali-swellable thickeners: nkịtị alkali-swellable thickeners na associative alkali-swellable thickeners.Nnukwu ihe dị iche n'etiti ha bụ ọdịiche dị na monomers jikọtara ya na agbụ molecular bụ isi.Associative alkali-swellable thickeners na-copolymerized na associative monomers nwere ike adsorb ọ bụla ọzọ na isi yinye Ọdịdị, otú mgbe ionization na aqueous ngwọta, intra-molecular ma ọ bụ inter-molekụla adsorption nwere ike ime, na-eme ka viscosity nke usoro bilie ngwa ngwa.
a.Nkịtị alkali-swellable thickener:
Isi ngwaahịa nnọchiteanya ụdị nke nkịtị alkali-swellable thickener bụ ASE-60.ASE-60 na-anabata copolymerization nke methacrylic acid na ethyl acrylate.N'oge usoro copolymerization, methacrylic acid na-akọwa ihe dịka 1/3 nke ọdịnaya siri ike, n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke otu carboxyl na-eme ka agbụ molekụla nwee ogo nke hydrophilicity, na-ewepụkwa usoro nhazi nnu.N'ihi nchụpụ nke ebubo, a na-agbasa agbụ ndị molekụla, nke na-eme ka viscosity nke usoro ahụ dịkwuo elu ma na-emepụta mmetụta dị nro.Otú ọ dị, mgbe ụfọdụ, ịdị arọ molekụla na-adị ukwuu n'ihi ọrụ nke onye na-ejikọta ya.N'oge usoro mgbasawanye nke agbụ molecular, agbụ ahụ anaghị agbasa nke ọma n'ime obere oge.N'oge usoro nchekwa ogologo oge, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbatịa yinye molekụla, nke na-eweta Post-thickening nke viscosity.Na mgbakwunye, n'ihi na e nwere ole na ole hydrophobic monomers na molekụla yinye nke ụdị thickener, ọ dịghị mfe n'ịwa hydrophobic complexation n'etiti ụmụ irighiri, tumadi na-eme ka intramolecular ibe adsorption, otú a ụdị thickener nwere ala ndim arụmọrụ, ya mere, ọ bụ. adịkarịghị eji naanị ya.Ọ na-bụ-eji na Nchikota ndị ọzọ thickeners.
b.Association (concord) ụdị alkali ọzịza thickener:
Ụdị thickener ugbu a nwere ọtụtụ ụdị n'ihi nhọrọ nke monomers associative na imewe nke molekul.Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ methacrylic acid na ethyl acrylate, yana monomers na-akpakọrịta dị ka antennae na nhazi ahụ, mana ọ bụ naanị obere nkesa.Ọ bụ monomers ndị a na-akpakọrịta dị ka octopus tentacles na-arụ ọrụ kachasị mkpa n'ịkwalite arụmọrụ nke thickener.The carboxyl otu na Ọdịdị bụ neutralized na nnu-akpụ, na molekul yinye dịkwa ka ihe nkịtị alkali-swellable thickener.Otu ihe mkpofu ebubo na-eme, nke mere na agbụ molekụla na-apụta.Monomer na-akpakọrịta na ya na-agbasawanye na ụdọ molekụla, mana usoro ya nwere ma ụdọ hydrophilic na ụdọ hydrophobic, ya mere a ga-emepụta nnukwu ihe owuwu micellar yiri surfactants na molecule ma ọ bụ n'etiti ụmụ irighiri ihe.A na-emepụta micelles ndị a site na mgbasa ozi nke otu monomers, na ụfọdụ monomers na-ejikọta ibe ha site na nchikota mmetụta nke emulsion particles (ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ).Mgbe emechara micelles, ha na-edozi irighiri ihe emulsion, ụmụ irighiri mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị na sistemụ ahụ na steeti kwụ ọtọ dị ka mmegharị ahụ, nke mere na mmegharị nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a (ma ọ bụ ahụ) na-ebelata na viscosity nke usoro na-abawanye.Ya mere, na ndim arụmọrụ nke ụdị thickener, karịsịa na latex agba na elu emulsion ọdịnaya, dị nnọọ elu karịa nke nkịtị alkali-swellable thickeners, n'ihi ya, ọ na-ọtụtụ-eji na latex agba.Onye nnọchi anya ngwaahịa bụ isi Ụdị bụ TT-935.
(5) polyurethane associative (ma ọ bụ polyether) na-eme ka ọ dị elu na onye na-eme ka ọ dị elu:
N'ozuzu, thickeners nwere nnọọ elu molekụla arọ (dị ka cellulose na acrylic acid), na ha molekụla agbụ ígwè na-agbatị na molekul ngwọta na-amụba viscosity nke usoro.Ihe dị arọ nke polyurethane (ma ọ bụ polyether) dị nnọọ ntakịrị, ọ na-abụkarịkwa njikọ site na mmekọrịta nke van der Waals ike nke akụkụ lipophilic n'etiti ụmụ irighiri ihe, ma nke a mkpakọrịta ike adịghị ike, na mkpakọrịta nwere ike ime n'okpuru ụfọdụ. ike mpụga.Nkewa, si otú ahụ na-ebelata viscosity, na-eme ka ọkwa nke ihe nkiri mkpuchi ahụ dị larịị, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke onye nhazi ọkwa.Mgbe a na-ekpochapụ ike ịkpụ, ọ nwere ike ịmaliteghachi mkpakọrịta ngwa ngwa, viscosity nke usoro ahụ na-ebili.Ihe omume a bara uru iji belata viscosity na ịbawanye ọkwa n'oge ihe owuwu;na mgbe ike ịkwa ahụ furu efu, a ga-eweghachi viscosity ozugbo iji mee ka ọkpụkpụ nke ihe nkiri mkpuchi.N'ime ngwa bara uru, anyị na-echegbu onwe anyị banyere mmetụta na-abawanye ụba nke ndị na-akpakọrịta ndị dị otú ahụ na emulsions polymer.Isi ihe ndị dị na polymer latex na-ekerekwa òkè na njikọ nke usoro ahụ, nke mere na ụdị ndị a na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na-enwekwa mmetụta dị mma (ma ọ bụ ọkwa) mmetụta mgbe ọ dị ala karịa ntinye uche ya dị oke egwu;mgbe ịta ahụhụ nke ụdị ndị a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu mgbe ọ dị elu karịa ihe dị mkpa ya na mmiri dị ọcha, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta mkpakọrịta n'onwe ya, na viscosity na-ebili ngwa ngwa.Ya mere, mgbe ụdị ndị a na-eme ka ihe na-emewanyewanye na ọkwa dị elu dị ala karịa ntinye uche ya dị oke egwu, n'ihi na akụkụ nke latex na-ekere òkè n'otu akụkụ, ntakịrị ntakịrị nke emulsion, otú ahụ ka njikọ ahụ sikwuo ike, na viscosity ya ga-abawanye na mmụba nke ego nke emulsion.Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ dispersants (ma ọ bụ acrylic thickeners) nwere hydrophobic owuwu, na ha hydrophobic otu na-emekọ ihe na nke polyurethane, nke mere na usoro na-etolite a nnukwu netwọk Ọdịdị, nke na-eme ka ndim.
2. Mmetụta nke dị iche iche thickeners na mmiri nkewa iguzogide nke latex agba
N'ime nhazi nhazi nke agba agba mmiri, iji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ njikọ dị oke mkpa, nke metụtara ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe nke agba latex, dị ka ihe owuwu, mmepe agba, nchekwa na ọdịdị.N'ebe a, anyị na-elekwasị anya na mmetụta nke iji thickeners na nchekwa nke latex agba.Site na okwu mmeghe nke dị n'elu, anyị nwere ike ịmara na bentonite na polycarboxylates: a na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke eme ihe na ụfọdụ mkpuchi pụrụ iche, nke a na-agaghị atụle ebe a.Anyị ga-atụlekarị cellulose nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ọzịza alkali, na polyurethane (ma ọ bụ polyether) thickeners, naanị ya na ngwakọta, na-emetụta nkwụsị nkewa mmiri nke agba latex.
Ọ bụ ezie na ịgbanye na hydroxyethyl cellulose naanị dị njọ karị na nkewa mmiri, ọ dị mfe ịkpali nke ọma.Otu ojiji nke alkali ọzịza ndim enweghị mmiri nkewa na ọdịda ma oké njọ ndim mgbe ndim.Otu ojiji nke polyurethane ndim, ọ bụ ezie na mmiri nkewa na post-thickening The ndim adịghị njọ, ma precipitate na-emepụta ya bụ dịtụ ike na ike ịkpali.Ma ọ adopts hydroxyethyl cellulose na alkali ọzịza ndim compound, ọ dịghị post-thickening, ọ dịghị siri ike ọdịda, mfe ịkpali, ma e nwekwara a obere ego nke mmiri.Otú ọ dị, mgbe a na-eji hydroxyethyl cellulose na polyurethane na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ, nkewa mmiri ahụ bụ nke kachasị njọ, ma ọ dịghị mmiri ozuzo siri ike.Alkali-swellable ndim na polyurethane na-eji ọnụ, ọ bụ ezie na mmiri nkewa bụ ihu ọma dịghị mmiri nkewa, ma mgbe ndim, na sedimenti na ala siri ike ịkpali evenly.Na nke ikpeazụ na-eji obere ego nke hydroxyethyl cellulose na alkali ọzịza na polyurethane ndim na-enwe a edo steeti na-enweghị ọdịda mmiri na nkewa mmiri.Enwere ike ịhụ na n'ime usoro emulsion dị ọcha nke nwere hydrophobicity siri ike, ọ ka njọ iji hydrophilic hydroxyethyl cellulose na-eme ka mmiri na-agba agba, ma ọ nwere ike ịmegharị ya ngwa ngwa.The otu ojiji nke hydrophobic alkali ọzịza na polyurethane (ma ọ bụ ha compound) ndim, ọ bụ ezie na mgbochi mmiri nkewa arụmọrụ ka mma, ma ma thicken mgbe e mesịrị, na ọ bụrụ na e nwere ọdịda, ọ na-akpọ siri ike ọdịda, nke siri ike ịkpali evenly .Ojiji nke cellulose na polyurethane compound na-agbatị, n'ihi ọdịiche kachasị dị na ụkpụrụ hydrophilic na lipophilic, na-ebute oke oke mmiri na mmiri ozuzo, ma sedimenti dị nro ma dị mfe ịmalite.Usoro ikpeazụ nwere arụmọrụ nkewa mmiri kachasị mma n'ihi nguzozi dị mma n'etiti hydrophilic na lipophilic.N'ezie, na usoro nhazi usoro n'ezie, ekwesịrị ịtụle ụdị emulsions na wetting na dispersing agents na ụkpụrụ hydrophilic na lipophilic ha.Naanị mgbe ha ruru ezigbo nguzozi nwere ike na usoro ahụ dị na ọnọdụ nke thermodynamic nha ma nwee ezigbo nkwụsị mmiri.
N'ime usoro ihe ọkụkụ, a na-esonyere njupụta nke mmiri mmiri mgbe ụfọdụ site na mmụba nke viscosity nke mmanụ mmanụ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị na-ekwenyekarị na cellulose thickeners na-eme ka mmiri na-agba, ma a na-ekesa cellulose na mmiri mmiri.
Oge nzipu: Dec-29-2022