Katundu wa Cationic Cellulose Ether Solution

The dilute yankho katundu wa mkulu-charge-kachulukidwe kachulukidwe cellulose ether (KG-30M) pa makhalidwe osiyana pH anaphunziridwa ndi laser kubalalitsa chida, kuchokera hydrodynamic utali wozungulira (Rh) pa ngodya zosiyanasiyana, ndi muzu zikutanthauza lalikulu utali wozungulira wa kasinthasintha. Rg Chiŵerengero cha Rh chimasonyeza kuti mawonekedwe ake ndi osasinthasintha koma pafupi ndi ozungulira.Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi rheometer, njira zitatu zoyikira za cationic cellulose ethers zokhala ndi kachulukidwe kosiyanasiyana zidaphunziridwa mwatsatanetsatane, komanso kukhudzidwa kwa ndende, mtengo wa pH ndi kachulukidwe kake kazinthu zake zama rheological.Pamene ndende ikuwonjezeka, mphamvu ya Newton inayamba kuchepa kenako inachepa.Kusinthasintha kapena kubwerezabwereza kumachitika, ndipo khalidwe la thixotropic limapezeka pa 3% (kachigawo kakang'ono).Kachulukidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono kamapindulitsa kupeza kukhuthala kwa zero-zero, ndipo pH ilibe mphamvu pang'ono pamakulidwe ake.

Mawu ofunikira:cationic cellulose ether;morphology;kumeta ubweya wa zero;rheology

Ma cellulose zotumphukira ndi ma polima awo osinthidwa zinchito akhala ankagwiritsa ntchito m'madera zokhudza thupi ndi ukhondo mankhwala, petrochemicals, mankhwala, chakudya, munthu chisamaliro mankhwala, ma CD, etc. Madzi sungunuka cationic mapadi efa (CCE) ndi chifukwa chake Ndi thickening amphamvu. mphamvu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka ma shampoos, ndipo amatha kusintha kuyanjana kwa tsitsi mutatha kuchapa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kugwirizana bwino, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu shampoos ziwiri-imodzi ndi zonse.Ilinso ndi chiyembekezo chabwino chogwiritsa ntchito ndipo yakopa chidwi chamayiko osiyanasiyana.Zanenedwa m'mabuku kuti mapadi otumphukira mayankho amaonetsa makhalidwe monga Newtonian madzimadzi, pseudoplastic madzimadzi, thixotropic madzimadzi ndi viscoelastic madzimadzi ndi kuwonjezeka ndende, koma morphology, rheology ndi chikoka zinthu za cationic mapadi efa mu amadzimadzi njira Pali ochepa. malipoti ofufuza.Pepalali limayang'ana kwambiri za machitidwe a rheological a quaternary ammonium modified cellulose aqueous solution, kuti apereke chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito.

1. Gawo loyesera

1.1 Zopangira

Cationic cellulose ether (KG-30M, JR-30M, LR-30M);Canada Dow Chemical Company product, yoperekedwa ndi Procter & Gamble Company Kobe R&D Center ku Japan, yoyezedwa ndi Vario EL elemental analyzer (German Elemental Company), chitsanzo Zomwe zili ndi nayitrogeni ndi 2.7%, 1.8%, 1.0% motsatana (kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi 1.9 Meq/g, 1.25 Meq/g, 0.7 Meq/g motsatana), ndipo amayesedwa ndi German ALV-5000E laser light Scattering instrument (LLS) anayeza kulemera kwake pafupifupi molekyulu yolemera ndi pafupifupi 1.64×106g / mol.

1.2 Kukonzekera yankho

Chitsanzocho chinayeretsedwa ndi kusefera, dialysis ndi kuumitsa-kuzizira.Yezerani mndandanda wa zitsanzo zitatu zochulukira motsatana, ndikuwonjezera yankho lokhazikika lokhala ndi pH 4.00, 6.86, 9.18 kuti mukonzekere ndende yofunikira.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zitsanzozo zasungunuka kwathunthu, mayankho onse a zitsanzo anaikidwa pa magnetic stirrer kwa maola 48 asanayesedwe.

1.3 Muyezo wobalalitsa wopepuka

Gwiritsani ntchito LLS kuyeza kulemera kwapakati pa molekyulu yachitsanzo mu njira yothetsera madzi amadzimadzi, hydrodynamic utali wozungulira ndi muzu zikutanthauza lalikulu lalikulu utali wozungulira wa kasinthasintha pamene yachiwiri Villi koyenefi ndi ngodya zosiyanasiyana,), ndi kunena kuti cationic mapadi efa ali mu njira yamadzimadzi ndi chiŵerengero chake.

1.4 Muyezo wa viscosity ndi kufufuza kwa rheological

Yankho lokhazikika la CCE linaphunziridwa ndi Brookfield RVDV-III+ rheometer, ndipo chikoka cha ndende, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ndi pH pamayendedwe a rheological monga viscosity yachitsanzo adafufuzidwa.Pamwamba woipa, m`pofunika kufufuza ake thixotropy.

2. Zotsatira ndi zokambirana

2.1 Kafukufuku pa Kubalalitsa Kuwala

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera a maselo, zimakhala zovuta kukhalapo ngati molekyu imodzi ngakhale muzosungunulira zabwino, koma mwa mawonekedwe a micelles okhazikika, masango kapena mayanjano.

Pamene njira yochepetsera yamadzimadzi (~ o.1%) ya CCE idawonedwa ndi maikulosikopu ya polarizing, pansi pa malo amtundu wakuda wa orthogonal, "nyenyezi" yowala ndi mipiringidzo yowala idawonekera.Imadziwikanso ndi kufalikira kwa kuwala, ma hydrodynamic radius pa pH yosiyana ndi ngodya, muzu wotanthauza masikweya wozungulira ndi gawo lachiwiri la Villi lomwe limapezeka pazithunzi za Berry zalembedwa mu Tab.1. Chithunzi chogawa cha ntchito ya hydrodynamic radius yomwe imapezeka pamagulu a 10-5 makamaka nsonga imodzi, koma kugawa kuli kwakukulu kwambiri (mkuyu 1), kusonyeza kuti pali mayanjano a maselo ndi magulu akuluakulu mu dongosolo. ;Pali zosintha, ndipo ma Rg / Rb amazungulira mozungulira 0.775, kuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe a CCE mu yankho ali pafupi ndi ozungulira, koma osakhazikika mokwanira.Zotsatira za pH pa Rb ndi Rg sizowonekera.Kuwerengera mu yankho la buffer kumalumikizana ndi CCE kuti iteteze chiwongolero pa unyolo wam'mbali ndikupangitsa kuti ichepe, koma kusiyana kumasiyana ndi mtundu wa counter.Muyezo wobalalitsa wopepuka wa ma polima oyendetsedwa amatha kuyanjana ndi mphamvu zazitali komanso kusokonezedwa kwakunja, chifukwa chake pali zolakwika zina ndi zolephera mu mawonekedwe a LLS.Chigawo cha misa chikakhala chachikulu kuposa 0.02%, pamakhala nsonga ziwiri zosalekanitsidwa kapenanso nsonga zingapo pazithunzi zogawa za Rh.Pamene ndende ikuwonjezeka, Rh imawonjezekanso, kusonyeza kuti macromolecules ambiri amagwirizanitsidwa kapena ngakhale kuphatikizidwa.Pamene Cao et al.Anagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa kuwala kuti aphunzire copolymer ya carboxymethyl cellulose ndi macromers apamwamba, panalinso nsonga ziwiri zosalekanitsidwa, imodzi mwa izo inali pakati pa 30nm ndi 100nm, kuyimira mapangidwe a micelles pamlingo wa molekyulu, ndipo inayi The Peak Rh ndi yofanana. chachikulu, chomwe chimatengedwa ngati chophatikizira, chomwe chili chofanana ndi zotsatira zomwe zatsimikiziridwa mu pepalali.

2.2 Kafukufuku wamakhalidwe a rheological

2.2.1 Zotsatira zakukhazikika:Yezerani kukhuthala kowonekera kwa mayankho a KG-30M ndi magawo osiyanasiyana pamiyezo yometa ubweya wosiyanasiyana, komanso molingana ndi mawonekedwe a logarithmic of the power equation equation yoperekedwa ndi Ostwald-Dewaele, pomwe gawo lalikulu silipitilira 0.7%, ndi mizere yowongoka. ndi mizere yolumikizira mizere yokulirapo kuposa 0.99 idapezedwa.Ndipo pamene ndende ikuwonjezeka, mtengo wa Newton's exponent n umachepetsa (zonse zosakwana 1), kusonyeza pseudoplastic fluid.Motsogozedwa ndi kukameta ubweya wa ubweya, maunyolo a macromolecular amayamba kung'ambika ndikuwongolera, kotero kukhuthala kumachepa.Pamene gawo lalikulu liri lalikulu kuposa 0.7%, mzere wogwirizanitsa mzere wa mzere wowongoka wopezedwa umachepa (pafupifupi 0.98), ndipo n imayamba kusinthasintha kapena kukwera ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende;pamene gawo lalikulu likufika pa 3% (mkuyu 2), tebulo Kuwoneka kowoneka bwino kumayamba kumawonjezeka ndiyeno kumachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kumeta ubweya.Mndandanda wa zochitikazi ndi wosiyana ndi malipoti a njira zina za anionic ndi cationic polima.Mtengo wa n umakwera, ndiko kuti, katundu wosakhala wa Newtonian wafooka;Newtonian fluid ndi madzi a viscous, ndipo kutsetsereka kwa intermolecular kumachitika pansi pa kupsinjika kwa kukameta ubweya, ndipo sikungabwezeretsedwe;Madzi osakhala a Newtonian ali ndi gawo lotanuka komanso gawo la viscous lomwe silingabwezere.Pansi pa kupsinjika kwa kukameta ubweya, kutsetsereka kosasinthika pakati pa mamolekyu kumachitika, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa macromolecules amatambasulidwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi kukameta ubweya, gawo lobwezeretsanso limapangidwa.Mphamvu yakunja ikachotsedwa, ma macromolecules amakonda kubwerera ku mawonekedwe opindika, kotero Mtengo wa n umakwera.Kusakanizika kumapitilira kuwonjezeka kuti apange network network.Kupsinjika kwa kukameta ubweya kumakhala kochepa, sikudzawonongedwa, ndipo kusinthika kokhako kotanuka kudzachitika.Panthawiyi, kusungunuka kudzakhala kowonjezereka, kukhuthala kudzakhala kofooka, ndipo mtengo wa n udzachepa;pamene kumeta ubweya wa ubweya kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono panthawi ya kuyeza, kotero n Mtengo umasinthasintha.Pamene kachigawo kakang'ono kafika pa 3%, kukhuthala kowoneka kumawonjezeka ndikuchepa, chifukwa kumeta ubweya waung'ono kumalimbikitsa kugunda kwa macromolecules kuti apange magulu akuluakulu, kotero mamasukidwe amawonekedwe amawuka, ndipo kumeta ubweya wa tsitsi kumapitirizabe kuswa magulu., mamasukidwe akayendedwe adzacheperanso.

Pakufufuza kwa thixotropy, ikani liwiro (r/min) kuti lifike pa y yomwe mukufuna, onjezerani liwiro pakapita nthawi mpaka ikafika pamtengo womwe udayikidwa, ndiyeno mwachangu kutsika kuchokera pa liwiro lalikulu kubwerera kumtengo woyambira kuti mupeze lolingana. Kupsinjika kwa kukameta ubweya, ubale wake ndi kumeta ubweya wa ubweya ukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3. Pamene gawo lalikulu liri locheperapo 2.5%, kukwera pamwamba ndi kutsika kwapansi kumagwirizanitsa kwathunthu, koma pamene gawo lalikulu ndi 3%, mizere iwiri palibe. nthawi yayitali ikuphatikizana, ndipo mzere wopita pansi umatsalira kumbuyo, kusonyeza thixotropy.

Kudalira nthawi kwa kumeta ubweya wa ubweya kumadziwika kuti rheological resistance.Rheological kukana ndi khalidwe khalidwe la viscoelastic zakumwa ndi zakumwa ndi thixotropic nyumba.Zimapezeka kuti y yokulirapo ili pamtunda womwewo wa misala, mofulumira r ikufika pamlingo, ndipo kudalira nthawi kumakhala kochepa;pamlingo wocheperako (<2%), CCE sichiwonetsa kukana kwa rheological.Pamene gawo lalikulu likuwonjezeka kufika ku 2.5%, limasonyeza kudalira nthawi yamphamvu (mkuyu 4), ndipo zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi 10 kuti zifike pamtunda, pamene 3.0%, nthawi yofanana imatenga mphindi 50.Ubwino wa thixotropy wa dongosololi uli ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito.

2.2.2 Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa ndalama:mawonekedwe a logarithmic a Spencer-Dillon empirical formula amasankhidwa, momwe mawonekedwe a zero-cut viscosity, b amakhala nthawi zonse pamlingo womwewo komanso kutentha kosiyana, ndipo amawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende pa kutentha komweko.Malinga ndi mphamvu yamalamulo equation yomwe Onogi adatengera mu 1966, M ndiye molekyulu ya ma polima, A ndi B ndi zokhazikika, ndipo c ndi gawo lalikulu (%).chith.5 Ma curve atatuwa ali ndi ma inflection point mozungulira 0.6%, ndiko kuti, pali gawo lofunikira kwambiri.Kuposa 0,6%, kukhuthala kwa zero-kumeta ubweya kumawonjezeka mofulumira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende C. Mipiringidzo ya zitsanzo zitatu zokhala ndi kachulukidwe kosiyana kosiyana ndi pafupi kwambiri.Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, pamene gawo lalikulu liri pakati pa 0,2% ndi 0.8%, kukhuthala kwa zero-kudula kwa chitsanzo cha LR ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kamene kalikonse, chifukwa mgwirizano wa hydrogen bond umafuna kukhudzana kwina.Chifukwa chake, kachulukidwe kawo kakukhudzana kwambiri ndi ngati ma macromolecules amatha kukonzedwa mwadongosolo komanso mwadongosolo;kudzera mu kuyezetsa kwa DSC, zimapezeka kuti LR ili ndi nsonga yofooka ya crystallization, yomwe ikuwonetsa kachulukidwe koyenera, ndipo kukhuthala kwa zero-kumeta ubweya ndikokwera pamlingo womwewo.Pamene kachigawo kakang'ono kamene kali ndi 0,2%, LR ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, chifukwa mu njira yothetsera, macromolecules omwe ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kamene kamakhala kozungulira, kotero kuti zero-shear viscosity ndi yochepa.Izi zili ndi tanthauzo labwino pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.

2.2.3 pH zotsatira: Chithunzi 6 ndi zotsatira zoyezedwa pa pH yosiyana mkati mwa 0.05% mpaka 2.5% gawo lalikulu.Pali inflection point mozungulira 0.45%, koma ma curve atatuwa pafupifupi amalumikizana, kusonyeza kuti pH ilibe zotsatira zoonekeratu pa zero-shear viscosity, zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kumva kwa anionic cellulose ether kupita ku pH.

3. Mapeto

The KG-30M dilute amadzimadzi yankho amaphunzira ndi LLS, ndi hydrodynamic utali wogawa anapezerapo ndi pachimake chimodzi.Kuchokera pamalingo odalira ndi chiŵerengero cha Rg/Rb, tinganene kuti mawonekedwe ake ali pafupi ndi ozungulira, koma osakhazikika mokwanira.Pamayankho a CCE okhala ndi kachulukidwe katatu, kukhuthala kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa ndende, koma nambala yakusaka ya Newton n imachepa, kenako imasinthasintha komanso ikukwera;pH ilibe mphamvu pang'ono pa kukhuthala kwake, ndipo kachulukidwe kakang'ono kolipiritsa amatha kupeza mamasukidwe apamwamba.