I-Rheology kanye Nokuhambisana kweI-HPMC/I-HPS-Hlaza
Amagama ayisihluthulelo: i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose;isitashi se-hydroxypropyl;izakhiwo ze-rheological;ukuhambisana;ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali.
IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) iyi-polysaccharide polymer evame ukusetshenziswa ekulungiseni amafilimu adliwayo.Isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokudla nemithi.Ifilimu inokucaca okuhle, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimbela uwoyela.Kodwa-ke, i-HPMC iyi-gel enenqwaba, eholela ekusebenzeni kwayo okungekuhle kokusebenza kokushisa okuphansi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla okukhiqizwayo okuphezulu;ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo yayo yempahla eluhlaza ebizayo ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi okuhlanganisa nenkundla yezemithi.I-Hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) iyisitabane esidliwayo esisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokudla nomuthi.Inohlu olubanzi lwemithombo kanye nenani eliphansi.Kuyinto ekahle yokwakha izindleko ze-HPMC.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ezibandayo ze-GEL ze-HPS zingalinganisa ukubonwa nezinye izingxenye ze-HPMC., ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwayo kokusebenza kwamazinga okushisa aphansi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu edliwayo ye-HPS inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-oksijini isithiyo, ngakho-ke ingathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zokuvimbela i-oksijini zefilimu edliwayo ye-HPMC.
I-HPS yengezwa ku-HPMC yokuhlanganisa, kanye ne-HPMC / HPS ebandayo kanye ne-Hot Reversed-Phase Revesters-Phase-Phase-Phaser System yakhiwa.Kwaxoxwa ngomthetho wethonya wezakhiwo, indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-HPS ne-HPMC esixazululweni, ukuhambisana nokuguqulwa kwesigaba sohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kwaxoxwa ngakho, kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-rheological kanye nesakhiwo sesistimu ye-compound yasungulwa.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-compound lune-concentration ebalulekile (8%), ngaphansi kokuhlushwa okubucayi, i-HPMC ne-HPS zikhona emaketangeni azimele ama-molecular kanye nezifunda zesigaba;ngenhla kokuhlushwa okubucayi, isigaba se-HPS sakhiwe esixazululweni njengesikhungo sejeli, Isakhiwo se-microgel, esixhunywe ukuhlangana kwamaketanga e-HPMC amangqamuzana, sibonisa ukuziphatha okufana nokuncibilika kwe-polymer.Izici ze-rheological zesistimu ehlanganisiwe kanye nesilinganiso esiyinhlanganisela zihambisana nomthetho wesamba se-logarithmic, futhi zibonisa izinga elithile lokuchezuka okuhle nokubi, okubonisa ukuthi lezi zingxenye ezimbili zinokuhambisana okuhle.Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luyisigaba esiqhubekayo sokuhlakazeka kwesigaba "sesiqhingi solwandle" ekushiseni okuphansi, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesigaba esiqhubekayo kwenzeka ku-4: 6 ngokuncipha kwe-HPMC / HPS compound ratio.
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yezimpahla zokudla, ukufakwa kokudla kungavimba ukudla ukuthi kulinyazwe futhi kungcoliswe yizinto zangaphandle kwinqubo yokusakazwa nokugcinwa, zonakalisa impilo yeshalofu nesikhathi sokugcina.Njengohlobo olusha lokupakisha ukudla okuphephile futhi okudliwayo, futhi kunenani elithile lokudla okunempilo, ifilimu elidliwayo lesicelo linamathemba okusebenza abanzi ekuphaketheni kokudla kanye nokulondolozwa kwamakhandlela ezempi, futhi sekuyi-hotspot yocwaningo ekudleni kwamanje ukupakisha izinkambu ezihlobene.
Ulwelwelwe ulwelwelwesi lwe-HPMC / HPS composite lwalulungiselelwe ngendlela yokuphonsa.Ukuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kohlelo lwezinhlanganisela kuhlolisiswa ngokuskena ngokuskena ama-microscopy we-elermor, ukuhlaziya kwendawo ye-thermomechamical kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-thermogravimetric, kanye nempahla emishini yolwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe.kanye nomoya-mpilo mpompial vele nezinye izakhiwo ze-membrane.Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi asikho isibonisi sesigaba ezimbili esisobala esitholakala ezithombeni zamafilimu wonke ama-compothite, kunendawo eyodwa kuphela yokuguqula amafilimu we-DMA amaningi, futhi i-Thral kuphela degnal dealkvenition evele kuma-dtg curves iningi lamafilimu ayinhlanganisela.I-HPMC inokusebenzisana okuthile ne-HPS.Ukungezwa kwe-HPS ku-HPMC kuthuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zesithiyo somoya-mpilo wolwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe.Izakhiwo zemishini zolwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe ziyehluka kakhulu ngesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe kanye nomswakama ohlobene nemvelo, bese wethula iphuzu le-crossover, elinganikeza ireferensi yokwakheka komkhiqizo kwezidingo ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza.
I-Morphology Microscopic, ukusatshalaliswa kwesigaba, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe ze-HPMC / HPS Compound System zifundwe ngokuhlaziywa kwama-Microscope MicroScope okulula, kanye nezinto ezisobala kanye nemishini yohlelo lwe-Ultraviolet.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesakhiwo se-microscopic morphological kanye nokusebenza okuphelele kwe-macroscopic yohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Compound kwasungulwa.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi inani elikhulu le-mesophase likhona ohlelweni lwe-compound, olunokuhambisana okuhle.Kunendawo yokuguqula yesigaba sesistimu ye-Compound System, futhi leli phuzu lesigaba lesigaba linesilinganiso esithile sokuncika kanye nokuncika kokuhlushwa kwezixazululo.Iphuzu eliphansi kakhulu lokusobala kohlelo lwe-Compound luhambisana ne-Phase Transition Point ye-HPMC kusuka esigabeni esiqhubekayo kuya esigabeni esihlakazekile kanye nephuzu elincane le-modulus tensile modulus.I-modulus ne-velivation ye-Young ekhefu yehle ngokwanda kokuhlushwa kwesixazululo, okwakuba nobudlelwano be-causal nokuguqulwa kwe-HPMC kusuka esigabeni esiqhubekayo esigabeni esiqhubekayo esigabeni esiqhubekayo.
I-Rheomemememetha yasetshenziselwa ukutadisha umphumela wokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwama-HPS kwizakhiwo ze-rheological kanye ne-gel Properties ye-HPMC / HPS ebandayo ye-gersed-esigabeni-esihlaselayo-esigabeni se-gelsed-esigabeni se-gelsed-esigabeni se-gelsed-esigabeni se-gels-esigabeni se-gelsed-esigabeni se-gelsAmakhono nokuguqulwa kwesigaba kwafundwa, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo ze-rheological kanye nejeli zasungulwa.Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi i-hydroxypropylication ye-HPS inganciphisa ukubonakala kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngcono ukufutheka kwesisombululo esiphansi, futhi kunciphise umkhathi we-shear ukuncipha;i-hydroxypropylation ye-HPS inganciphisa i-viscosity eqondile yesistimu ehlanganisiwe.Esifundeni esinwebekile, izinga lokushisa lesigaba lesigaba se-HPMC / HPS Compound Systel lincishisiwe, kanye nokuziphatha okuqinile kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe ekushiseni okuphansi kanye nolwela lokushisa okuphezulu kwenziwa ngcono.I-HPMC ne-HPS yakha izigaba eziqhubekayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi aphezulu, ngokulandelana, futhi njengoba izigaba ezihlakazekile zinquma izakhiwo ze-rheological kanye nezakhiwo zejeli zohlelo lokuhlanganisa oluphakeme kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi.Kokubili ushintsho olungazelelwe ku-viscosity ijika yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kanye ne-Tan Delta Peak ku-Curve Factor Curve ivela ku-45 ° C, iveze i-micrograph eqhubekayo ebonwa kuma-45 ° C.
Umphumela wokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali we-HPS esakhiweni se-crystalline kanye nokwakheka kwefilimu okuyinkimbinkimbi kwafundwa ngemisebe ye-synchroson radiation encane ye-x-ray ehlekisa, kanye nezindawo zokuvilapha ze-oxygen kanye nokuqina kwefilimu okuyinkimbinkimbi Kufunde ngokuhlelekile ithonya lokushintsha kwalolokhi kwamakhemikhali kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kwi-microssCreature kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic zezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe.Imiphumela yemisebe ye-synchrotron ikhombisile ukuthi i-hydroxypropylication ye-HPS kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuhambisana kwezinto ezimbili kungavimbela kakhulu ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesitashi ku-membrane esifanayo ngolwelwesi olufanayo.Izakhiwo zeMacroscopic ezinjengezakhiwo zemishini, ukuqina okushisayo kanye nokuqina kwe-oxygen kwe-HPMC / HPS Hwembrane kuhlobene nolwelwesi lwayo lwangaphakathi oluhlobene nesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-crystalline nesakhiwo se-amorphous sakhiwo.Umthelela ohlangene wemiphumela emibili.
Isahluko sokuqala Isingeniso
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yezimpahla zokudla, izinto zokupakisha zokudla zingavikela ukudla okonakalweni ngokomzimba, kwamakhemikhali kanye nokungcola ngesikhathi sokujikeleza nokugcinwa, gcina ikhwalithi yokudla uqobo, lula ukusetshenziswa kokudla, futhi uqinisekise ukudla.Ukulondolozwa isikhathi eside nokulondolozwa, nokubona ukubukeka kokudla ukuheha ukusetshenziswa futhi uthole inani elingaphezu kwezindleko ezibonakalayo [1-4].Njengohlobo olusha lokupakisha ukudla okuphephile futhi okudliwayo, futhi kunenani elithile lokudla okunempilo, ifilimu elidliwayo lesicelo linamathemba okusebenza abanzi ekuphaketheni kokudla kanye nokulondolozwa kwamakhandlela ezempi, futhi sekuyi-hotspot yocwaningo ekudleni kwamanje ukupakisha izinkambu ezihlobene.
Amafilimu adliwayo amafilimu anesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-porous, okuvame ukutholakala ngokucubungula ama-polymers adliwayo emvelo.Ama-polymers amaningi emvelo akhona emvelweni anezakhiwo ze-gel, futhi izixazululo zabo ezinamanzi zingakha ama-hydrogel ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengamanye ama-polysaccharides emvelo, amaprotheni, i-lipids, njll.Ama-polysaccharides esakhiwo semvelo anjengesitashi neselulosi, ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo samangqamuzana esikhethekile se-helix ewuchungechunge olude kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile, angafanelekela izindawo ezihlala isikhathi eside nezihlukahlukene zokugcinwa, futhi acutshungulwe kabanzi njengezinto zokwakha ifilimu ezidliwayo .Amafilimu adliwayo enziwe kusuka ku-polysaccharide eyodwa kuvame ukuba nemikhawulo ethile ekusebenzeni.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqedwe imikhawulo yamafilimu adliwayo e-polysaccharide eyodwa, thola izakhiwo ezikhethekile noma uthuthukise imisebenzi emisha, unciphise amanani omkhiqizo, futhi wandise ukusetshenziswa kwawo, ngokuvamile izinhlobo ezimbili zama-polysaccharides zisetshenziswa.Noma okungenhla kwama-polysaccharides ahlanganiswe ukufeza umphumela wezakhiwo ezihambisanayo.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomehluko wesakhiwo samangqamuzana phakathi kwama-polymer ahlukene, kukhona i-conformational entropy ethile, futhi iningi lama-polymer complexes ahambisana ngokwengxenye noma awahambisani .Isigaba se-morphology kanye nokuhambisana kwe-polymer le nkambiso kuzonquma izakhiwo zezinto ezihlanganisiwe.Umlando wokuguquguquka kanye nokugeleza ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa unomthelela omkhulu esakhiweni.Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ze-macroscopic ezinjengezakhiwo zesimbozo sohlelo lwe-polymer oluyinkimbinkimbi ziyafundwa.Ukuhlobana phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-microscopic morphological ezifana nokuma kwesigaba nokuhambisana kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukusebenza, ukuhlaziya nokuguqulwa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, ukwakheka kwefomula eqondisayo kanye nokucubungula ukwakhiwa kwemishini, nokuhlola ukukhiqizwa.Ukusebenza kokusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ze-polymer zibaluleke kakhulu.
Kulesi sahluko, isimo socwaningo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yokusetshenziswa kwezinto zefilimu ezidliwayo kubuyekezwa ngokuningiliziwe;isimo socwaningo sama-hydrogel emvelo;inhloso nendlela yokuhlanganisa i-polymer kanye nenqubekelaphambili yocwaningo ye-polysaccharide ehlanganisa;indlela yocwaningo lwe-bhercological yohlelo lokuhlanganisa;Izakhiwo ze-rheological kanye nokwakhiwa kwemodeli yesistimu yejeli ebandayo neshisayo iyahlaziywa futhi kuxoxwe ngayo, kanye nokubaluleka kocwaningo, inhloso yocwaningo kanye nocwaningo lwalokhu okuqukethwe kwephepha.
1.1 Ifilimu edliwayo
Ifilimu edliwayo isho ukwengezwa kwama-plasticizers nama-cross-linking agents asekelwe ezintweni ezidliwayo zemvelo (ezifana ne-structural polysaccharides, lipids, proteins), ngokusebenzisana okuhlukene kwama-intermolecular, ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela, ukufudumeza, ukunamathela, ukomisa, njll. Ifilimu enenethiwekhi enezimbobo. isakhiwo esakhiwe ngokwelashwa.Inganikeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene efana nezakhiwo ezikhethiwe ezikhethiwe kugesi, umswakama, okuqukethwe nezinto eziyingozi zangaphandle, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokuzwa kanye nokwandisa isikhathi sokugcina noma impilo yeshelufu yemikhiqizo yokudla.
1.1.1 Umlando Wokuthuthukiswa Kwamafilimu Adliwayo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwefilimu elidliwayo kungalandelelwa emuva ngekhulu le-12 neli-13.Ngaleso sikhathi, amaShayina asebenzisa indlela elula yokufaka i-waxing ukumboza ama-citrus kanye nolamula, okunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukulahleka kwamanzi ezitsheni nasemifino, ukuze izithelo nemifino yagcina impilo yazo yasekuqaleni, Imifino, kepha kuvimbela ngokweqile ukuphefumula kwe-aerobic kwezithelo nemifino, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezithelo.Ngekhulu le-15, ama-Asia asevele aqala ukwenza ifilimu edliwayo evela ku-Soy ubisi, futhi wayisebenzisa ukuvikela ukudla futhi wandise ukubukeka kokudla [20].Ngekhulu le-16, amaBritish asebenzisa amafutha ukumboza indawo yokudla ukuze anciphise ukulahleka komswakama wokudla.Ngekhulu le-19, i-sucrose yaqala ukusetshenziswa njengenhlanganisela edliwayo kumantongomane, ama-alimondi nama-hazelnuts ukuvikela i-oxidation kanye nokubumbana ngesikhathi sokugcina.Ngawo-1830s, amafilimu we-paraffin ashisayo ahamba phambili avele avele izithelo ezinjengama-apula kanye namapheya.Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, amafilimu we-gelatin afafazwa ebusweni bemikhiqizo yenyama nokunye ukudla kokulondolozwa kokudla.Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1950, i-carnauba wax, njll.Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, ucwaningo lwamafilimu adliwayo asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yenyama lwaqala ukukhula, futhi isibonelo esibanzi nesiphumelela kakhulu yimikhiqizo ye-enema ecutshungulwa isuka emathunjini amancane ezilwane ibe yizimbotshana.
Kusukela ngo-1950s, kungashiwo ukuthi umqondo wefilimu edliwayo uhlongozwe ngempela kuphela.Kusukela lapho, abacwaningi abaningi baye bathuthukisa intshisekelo enamandla kumafilimu adliwayo.Ngo-1991, uNisperes wasebenzisa i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) embotsheni nasekugcinweni kukabhanana nezinye izithelo, ukuphefumula kwesithelo kwancipha, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwe-chlorophyll kwabambezeleka.Ipaki et al.ngo-1994 yabika izakhiwo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela i-zein protein film ku-O2 ne-CO2, eyenza ngcono ukulahleka kwamanzi, ukubola kanye nokushintsha umbala kukatamatisi.Ngo-1995, u-Lourdin wasebenzisa isisombululo se-alkaline ehlanjululwe ukwelapha isitashi, futhi wengeza i-glycerin ukuze agqoke ama-strawberry ukuze abe amasha, okwehlisa izinga lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ama-strawberry kanye nokulibaziseka ukubola.I-Baberjee ithuthukise izakhiwo zefilimu ezidliwayo ngo-1996 nge-micro-liquefaction kanye nokwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic koketshezi olwenziwa ifilimu, ngakho usayizi wezinhlayiyana zoketshezi okwakhiwa ifilimu wancishiswa kakhulu futhi ukuqina okulinganayo kwe-emulsion kwathuthukiswa.Ngo-1998, uPadegett et al.wengeze i-lysozyme noma i-nisin efilimini edliwayo yamaprotheni kabhontshisi wesoya futhi wayisebenzisela ukugoqa ukudla, futhi wathola ukuthi ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya e-lactic acid ekudleni kwakuvinjelwe ngokuphumelelayo [30].Ngo-1999, yin qinghong et al.wasebenzisa ingcina yezinyosi ukwenza i-ejenti yokugcoba ifilimu ukuze kulondolozwe futhi kugcinwe ama-apula nezinye izithelo, ezingavimbela ukuphefumula, ukuvimbela ukuncipha nokuncipha kwesisindo, futhi kuvimbele ukuhlasela kwamagciwane.
Iminyaka eminingi, ama-beakers abhaka ama-corn wokupakisha i-ayisikhilimu, iphepha lerayisi elimnandi lokupakishwa koswidi, nezikhumba ze-tofu zezitsha zenyama zingamaphakheji ajwayelekile adliwayo.Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso kwamafilimu adliwayo akungatholakali ngo-1967, futhi ngisho nokulondolozwa kwezithelo okuhlanganisiwe kwaba nokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwezentengiso.Kuze kube ngu-1986, izinkampani ezimbalwa zaqala ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo edliwayo yefilimu, futhi ngo-1996, inani lezinkampani ezidliwayo zamafilimu zase zikhule zibe ngaphezu kwama-600. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu edliwayo ekulondolozeni kokudla kwakukhona, futhi kutholakale i imali engenayo yonyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100 zamadola aseMelika .
1.1.2 Izici nezinhlobo zamafilimu adliwayo
Ngokusho kocwaningo olufanele, ifilimu elidliwayo linezinzuzo ezivelele ezilandelayo: ifilimu elidliwayo lingavimba ukwehla kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yokudla okubangelwa ukufuduka kwezinto ezihlukile;Ezinye izinto ezidliwayo zefilimu zinenani elikhethekile lokudla kanye nomsebenzi wokunakekelwa kwempilo;Ifilimu elidliwayo linezakhiwo ezihlolayo zokuzinqanda ku-CO2, O2 nakwamanye amagesi;Ifilimu elidliwayo lingasetshenziselwa i-microwave, ukubhaka, ukudla okuthosiwe nefilimu yezokwelapha nokunamathela;Ifilimu elidliwayo lingasetshenziswa njengama-antioxidants kanye nezindawo zokugcina kanye nabanye abathwali, ngaleyo ndlela bandise impilo yeshelufu yokudla;Ifilimu elidliwayo lingasetshenziswa njengenkampani yenethiwekhi yabalingisi kanye nama-fortifiers anempilo, njll., Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla nokwenza ngcono izindawo zokuzwa ukudla;Ifilimu elidliwayo liphephile futhi liyadla, futhi lingadliwa kanye nokudla;Amafilimu ahlekisayo angasetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwamanani amancane noma amayunithi wokudla, futhi akha ukufakwa okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe ngezinto zokupakisha zendabuko, ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezithiyo okuphelele kwezinto zokupakisha.
Isizathu esenza ukuthi amafilimu adliwayo wokupakisha anezakhiwo ezisebenzayo ezingenhla zisuselwa ikakhulu ekwakhekeni kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi esinye sezintathu ngaphakathi kwabo, ngaleyo ndlela kubonise amandla athile nezindawo ezithintekayo.Izakhiwo ezisebenzayo zefilimu edliwayo zithinteka kakhulu yizakhiwo zezakhi zalo, kanye nezinga le-polymer langaphakathi elingenacala, ukufana kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi nalo kuthintwa izinqubo ezahlukene zefilimu.Kunokwehluka okusobala ekusebenzeni [15, 35].Amafilimu adliwayo abuye athole ezinye izakhiwo ezinjenge-solubity, umbala, ukucaca, njll. Izimpahla ezifanelekile zokupakisha amafilimu zingakhethwa ngokuya ngezindawo ezihlukile zokusetshenziswa kanye nomehluko ezintweni zomkhiqizo ezizohlanganiswa.
Ngokusho kwendlela eyakhayo yefilimu edliwayo, ingahlukaniswa ngamafilimu nezimbobo: (1) Amafilimu amele alungiselelwe ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi amafilimu..Amafilimu asetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni okunezithako ezihlukene ezidinga ukupakishwa ngakunye (njengamaphakethe ezinongo namaphakethe kawoyela ekudleni okulula), ukudla okunesithako esifanayo kodwa okudinga ukupakishwa ngokwehlukana (njengamaphakethe amancane ekhofi, impushana yobisi, njll.), nemithi noma imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo.Izinto ze-Capsule;ukugcoba kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulondolozwa kokudla okusha njengezithelo nemifino, imikhiqizo yenyama, ukugcotshwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-microcapsules alawulwayo.
Ngokwezinto zokwakha amafilimu zefilimu yokupakisha edliwayo, zingahlukaniswa nge-polysaccharide ifilimu edliwayo, ifilimu elidliwayo le-polysaccharide, ifilimu edliwayo ye-lipid, ifilimu edliwayo ye-microbial nefilimu edliwayo.
1.1.3 Ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu elidliwayo
Njengohlobo olusha lokupakisha ukudla okuphephile futhi okudliwayo, futhi kunenani elithile lokudla okunempilo, ifilimu elidliwayo lisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokupakisha yokudla, insimu yezemithi, isitoreji kanye nokulondolozwa kwezithelo yemikhiqizo yenyama nemikhiqizo yasemanzini, ukukhiqizwa kokudla okusheshayo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamafutha.Inamathemba wohlelo lokusebenza olubanzi ekugcinweni kokudla okufana nama-candies abhakiwe athosiwe.
1.1.3.1 Isicelo ekupakisheni kokudla
Isixazululo esakhelwe amafilimu simbozwe ekudleni okuzohlanganiswa ngokufafaza, ukuxubha, ukucwilisa, njll., Ukuvimbela ukungena komswakama, kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahlekelwa kwezendlalelo zokupakisha ;Yehlisa kakhulu ungqimba lwangaphandle lokudla okuyinkimbinkimbi zezakhi zokufaka ipulasitiki kusiza ukuphindwa kabusha nokucubungula, futhi kunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo;Isetshenziswa ekuphaketheni okuhlukile kwezingxenye ezithile zokudla okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezakhi zezakhi ukunciphisa ukufuduka okuningana phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.Yehlisa ukonakala kokudla noma ukwehla kwekhwalithi yokudla.Ifilimu elidliwayo licutshungulwa ngokuqondile ephepheni lokupakisha noma izikhwama zokupakisha zokupakishwa kokudla, ezingafinyeleleki kuphela ukuphepha, inhlanzeko kanye nokwenza lula, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ingcindezi yokungcoliswa okumhlophe emvelweni.
Usebenzisa ama-corn, ama-soya kanye nokolweni njengezinto zokwakha eziphambili, amafilimu afana namakhekheli angalungiswa futhi asetshenziselwe ukupakishwa kwamasoseji nokunye ukudla.Ngemuva kokusebenzisa, noma ngabe ilahlwa endaweni yemvelo, ayinakubonwa futhi ingaphendulwa ibe ngumanyolo wenhlabathi ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi..Usebenzisa isitashi, ama-chitosan kanye nobhontshisi ama-dregs njengezinto eziphambili, iphepha lokugoqa elidliwayo lingalungiswa ngokufaka ukudla okusheshayo okufana nama-noodle wokudla okusheshayo nama-fries ama-french, alula futhi athandwa kakhulu;Isetshenziselwa amaphakethe okuthona, isobho eliqinile ukufakwa kokudla okulula njengokusetshenziswa okuluhlaza, okungaphekwa ngqo ebhodweni lapho kusetshenziswa, kungavimba ukungcoliswa kokudla, futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlanzwa kokudla, futhi kusebenze ukuhlanza.Ama-avocado amisiwe, amazambane, nelayisi eliphukile avuthiwe futhi aguqulwe abe ngama-polysaccharides, angasetshenziswa ukulungiselela izinto ezintsha zokufaka ezingenabala futhi ezibonakalayo, zisetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwe-powder yobisi , uwoyela wesaladi neminye imikhiqizo [19].Ukudla kwezempi, ngemuva kokuthi umkhiqizo usetshenzisiwe, impahla yendabuko yepulasitiki ilahlwa emvelweni futhi iba ngumaka wokulandela umkhondo wesitha, okulula ukuveza ukuthi ukuphi.Ekudleni okukhethekile kwezakhi okukhethekile njenge-pizza, i-khekhe, i-ketchup, u-ayisikhilimu, iyogathi, amakhekhe kanye nama-dessert, amafilimu okupakisha adliwayo akhombisa ubuhle bawo obuhlukile, obunganciphisa inani lamaqembu ahlukile ukufuduka kwezinto zokunambitheka kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nobuhle [21].Ifilimu yokupakisha edliwayo ingasetshenziswa ekucubunguleni ukudla kwe-microwave yesistimu ye-batter.Imikhiqizo yenyama, imifino, ushizi nezithelo kuhlanganiswa ngaphambili ngokufafaza, ukucwilisa noma ukuxubha, njll.
Yize amaphepha ambalwa okuthengiswa kwezimpahla nezikhwama ezidliwayo, amalungelo obunikazi amaningi abhalisiwe ekwakhekeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zokupakisha ezihlelekile.Iziphathimandla zokudla zaseFrance zivumele isikhwama sokufaka ezivela ezimbonini esibizwa nge- "Solupan", okuhlanganiswa nge-hydroxypropylllylylylylylylylylylylylyllose methylcellulose, isitashi kanye ne-sodium sorbate, futhi itholakala ngokuhweba.
1.1.3.2 Ukusetshenziswa Kwezokwelapha
I-gelatin, ama-cellulose derivatives, isitashi kanye ne-gum edliwayo kungasetshenziswa ukulungiselela amagobolondo athambile futhi anzima we-capsule emithi nemikhiqizo yezempilo, engakuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwemithi nemikhiqizo yezempilo, futhi kuphephile futhi kudla;Eminye imishanguzo inokunambitheka okubabayo okukhona, okunzima ukusetshenziselwa iziguli.Amafilimu amukelwayo, adliwayo angasetshenziswa njengezimbobo zokunambitha-masking zemithi enjalo;Amanye ama-polymer athile we-polymer awancibiliki emvelweni yesisu (PH 1.2) imvelo, kepha ancibilika emvelweni yamathumbu (PH 6.8) Ezemvelo futhi angasetshenziswa emgodleni wezidakamizwa wamathumbu;Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengomphathi wezidakamizwa ezihlosiwe.
UBlanco-Fernandez et al.Ilungiselelwe i-chitosan acetylated monoglyperide film composite film futhi wayisebenzisa ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo komsebenzi we-antioxidant kavithamini e, futhi umphumela wawumangalisa.Izinto zokupakisha zesikhathi eside ze-antioxidant.UZhang et al.Isitashi esihlanganisiwe nge-gelatin, sengeze i-polyethylene glycol spirilizer, futhi sasebenzisa ngokwesiko.Amaphilisi alukhuni alulungiswa yinqubo yokucwilisa yefilimu eyinhlanganisela, kanye nokuvela obala, izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo ze-hydrophilic kanye nesigaba se-morphology sefilimu eyinhlanganisela.Izinto ezinhle ze-capsule [52].Lal et al.Yenza i-kafirin ibe yinhlanganisela edliwayo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-paracetamol caplule, futhi yafunda izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo ezishisayo, izakhiwo zesithiyo kanye nezindawo zokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa zefilimu edliwayo.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwama-sorghum ahlukahlukene amaphilisi alukhuni wefilimu ka-gliadin awephulwa esiswini, kepha akhiphe isidakamizwa esiswini kwaPh 6.8.Paik et al.Izimpawu ze-HPMC ezilungiselelwe ze-HPMC zihlanganiswe ne-Indomethacin, futhi zifafaze uketshezi oludliwayo lwefilimu lwe-HPMC ebusweni bezinhlayiya zezidakamizwa, futhi wafunda isilinganiso sokufakwa kwezidakamizwa, amafilimu ajwayelekile wezinhlayiya zezidakamizwa, ifilimu edliwayo ye-HPMCN I-Indomethacin Oral Drug ingafinyelela inhloso yokuhlikihla ukunambitheka okubabayo kwesidakamizwa nokuqondisa ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa.Oladzadabbasabadi et al.I-Starch eguquliwe ye-Stated Starch ene-Carrageenan ukulungiselela ifilimu eliyinhlanganisela elidliwayo njengendawo yokufaka esikhundleni samaphilisi endabuko we-gelatin, futhi afundze i-CORTIVETICS yayo, imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ifilimu edliwayo le isetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwama-caplule emithi.
1.1.3.3 Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo nokulondolozwa kwemifino
Ezikhani ezintsha nemifino ngemuva kokukhetha, ukusabela kwe-biochemical nokuphefumula kusaqhubeka ngokuqinile, okuzosheshisa ukulimala kwezithelo zezithelo nemifino, futhi kulula ukudala ukulahleka komswakama ezitsheni nasemagumbini okushisa asekamelweni, okuholela Ikhwalithi yezicubu zangaphakathi nezinzwa zemizwa yezithelo nemifino.nqaba.Ngakho-ke, ukulondolozwa sekuyinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu kwisitoreji nokuhamba kwezithelo nemifino;Izindlela zokulondolozwa kwendabuko zinomphumela omubi we-preservation kanye nezindleko eziphakeme.Ukulondolozwa kwezithelo nemifino okwamanje kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu ekugcinisweni kokushisa kwegumbi.Uketshezi olwakhiwe ngefilimu oludliwayo luhlanganiswe ebusweni bezithelo nemifino, engavimba ngempumelelo ukuhlasela ama-microorganisms, ukunciphisa ukuphefumula, ukuncipha kwamanzi izicubu zezithelo zezithelo nezicubu zemifino, Futhi gcina izicubu nezicubu zemifino i-Plump yasekuqaleni futhi ibushelelezi.Ukubukeka kwesicwebezelayo, ukuze kufinyelelwe inhloso yokugcina entsha nokwandisa isikhathi sesitoreji.Abantu baseMelika basebenzisa i-acetyl monoginderide noshizi okhishwe emafutheni wemifino njengezinto zokwakha eziphambili zokulungisa ifilimu elidliwayo, futhi zilisebenzise ukusika ama-microorganisms, ukuze kuvikeleke ama-microorganisms, ukuze kugcinwe a isikhathi eside.Isimo esisha.IJapan isebenzisa uSilk ongcolile njengento eluhlaza okopishwa ifilimu lokugcina amazambane, elingathola umphumela wokugcina omusha ngokuqhathaniswa naleso sokugcinwa okubandayo.Abantu baseMelika basebenzisa uwoyela wemifino nezithelo njengezinto zokwakha eziphambili zokwenza uketshezi lwe-coating, futhi zigcine izithelo ezisikiwe zibe zintsha, futhi zithola ukuthi umphumela wokulondolozwa ulungile.
UMarquez et al.Kusetshenziswe amaprotheni we-Whey kanye ne-pectin njengezinto zokwenziwa okuluhlaza, futhi angeze ama-glutamini ngokuxhumanisa ukuxhumanisa ukulungiselela ifilimu elidliwayo, elisetshenziselwa izaqathi, elinganciphisa kakhulu isilinganiso sesisindo sokunciphisa umzimba., vimbela ukukhula kwama-microorganisms ebusweni bezithelo nemifino emisha, futhi kwandise impilo eshaloji esibonelweni sokugcina ukunambitheka kanye nemifino emisha.Shi Lei et al.I-Red Red Green Brapes ngefilimu edliwayo yaseChitosan, enganciphisa ukunciphisa isisindo kanye nezinga lokubola kwamagilebhisi, gcina umbala nokukhanya kwamagilebhisi, futhi kubambezele ukonakala kwama-solids ancibilikayo.Usebenzisa i-chitosan, i-sodium alginate, i-sodium carboxymethylcelcellellulose kanye polycacrrylate njengezinto zokwakha, uLiu et al.Amafilimu adliwayo alungiselelwe ngokuhambisana nokugcinwa kwezithelo nemifino okusha okusha, futhi afundze i-morphology, njll. Imiphumela ekhombisa ukuthi ifilimu ye-sodium callosite ye-cellulose-cellulose-cellulose-filt umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokulondolozwa kwe-polulosite.Sun Qingshen et al.Ufunde ifilimu eliyinhlanganisela le-soybean protein ukwahlukanisa, okusetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa kwama-sitrobheli, okunganciphisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwama-sitrobheli, ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kwawo, futhi kunciphise izinga lezithelo ezibolile.Ferreira et al.I-Fruit Fruit and Vegeta Repada ye-Frued kanye nePotato Peel Powder ukulungiselela ifilimu elidliwayo le-composite, wafunda i-solubility yamanzi kanye nezindawo zemishini yefilimu eyinhlanganisela, futhi wasebenzisa indlela ye-coating.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi impilo yeshelufu ye-hawthorn yaqhubeka isikhathi eside.I-50%, isilinganiso sokunciphisa umzimba sehle ngo-30-57%, futhi i-organic acid nomswakama awuzange ushintshe kakhulu.UFu Xiaowei et al.yahlola ukulondolozwa kukapelepele omusha ngefilimu edliwayo ye-chitosan, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi inganciphisa kakhulu amandla okuphefumula kapelepele omusha ngesikhathi sokugcinwa futhi ibambezele ukuguga kukapelepele.Navarro-Tarazaga et al.Kusetshenziswe i-HPMC eguqulwe ye-HPMP-Modified Film ukulondolozwa amaplamu.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi i-beeswax ingathuthukisa umoya-mpilo kanye nomswakama wokuvimba kanye nezindawo zemishini yamafilimu we-HPMC.Izinga lokulahlekelwa kwesisindo se-plums lancishiswa kakhulu, ukuthambisa nokopha kwesithelo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwathuthukiswa, futhi isikhathi sokugcina ama-plums sande .Tang Liying et al.ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenzisa uketshezi lwayo olwakha ifilimu ukumboza umango ukuze ushaywe kunganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuphefumula Kungavimbela ukwenzeka kwe-browning ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, kunciphise izinga lokulahlekelwa isisindo futhi kwandise isikhathi sokulondoloza.
1.1.3.4 Isicelo ekucutshungulweni nasekugcinweni kwemikhiqizo yenyama
Imikhiqizo yenyama enemisoco ecebile kanye nomsebenzi wamanzi amaningi ingena kalula ngama-microorganisms ohlelweni lokucubungula, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa nokusetshenziswa, okuholela ekumnyama kombala kanye ne-oxidation yamafutha nokunye ukubola.Ukuze ukwandise isikhathi sokugcina kanye nempilo yeshalofu yemikhiqizo yenyama, kuyadingeka ukuzama ukuvimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme emikhiqizweni yenyama kanye nokuhlasela kwama-microorganisms ebusweni, futhi uvimbele ukuwohloka kombala nephunga elibangelwa i-oxidation yamafutha.Njengamanje, ukugcinwa kwamafilimu okudliwayo kungenye yezindlela ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekugcinweni kwenyama ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.Uma uyiqhathanisa nendlela yendabuko, kutholakala ukuthi ukuhlasela kwama-microorganisms angaphandle, i-oxidative rancidity yamafutha kanye nokulahlekelwa kwejusi kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yenyama ehlanganiswe ifilimu edliwayo, futhi izinga lemikhiqizo yenyama liye lathuthukiswa kakhulu.Impilo yeshelufu inwetshiwe.
Ucwaningo ngefilimu edliwayo yemikhiqizo yenyama yaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950s, futhi icala lesicelo eliphumelele kakhulu lefilimu edliwayo, esetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-sausage.Emiroglu et al.wengeze uwoyela wesesame efilimini edliwayo yamaprotheni kabhontshisi wesoya ukwenza ifilimu elwa namagciwane, futhi wafunda umphumela wawo wokulwa namagciwane enyameni eqandisiwe.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ifilimu ye-antibacterial ingavimbela ngokuphawulekayo ukukhiqizwa nokukhula kwe-Staphylococcus aureus.Wook et al.walungisa ifilimu edliwayo ye-proanthocyanidin futhi wayisebenzisela ukumboza ingulube eqandisiwe ukuze ibe yintsha.Umbala, i-pH, inani le-TVB-N, i-thiobarbituric acid kanye nenani le-microbial lama-chops engulube ngemva kokugcinwa kwezinsuku ezingu-14 kwafundwa.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ifilimu edliwayo yama-proanthocyanididinididi anganciphisa ngempumelelo ukwakheka kwe-thiobarbibiforic acid, avikele ukufakwa kwamafutha acid, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-microorganisms ebusweni bemikhiqizo yenyama, uthuthukise ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yenyama, futhi wembule isikhathi sesitoreji futhi impilo yeshelufu.Jiang Shaotong et al.Kungezwe ama-polyphenols we-Tea kanye ne-Allicin kwi-Starch-sodium alginate membrane composite membrane solution, futhi wazisebenzisa ukuze alondoloze ubusha bengulube ebolile, engagcinwa ku-0-4 ° C izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-19.UCartagena et al.Kubikwe ukuthi i-antibactekeli lemiphumela yefilimu edliwayo e-collagen yengezwe nge-nasin antimicrobial ejenti ekulondolozeni izingcezu zengulube, okubonisa ukuthi i-collagen edliwayo ifilimu yezingcezu zengulube ezifrijishweni, bese wengeza amafilimu ayi-2 nge-% UNisin wayenomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokulondolozwa.Wang Rui et al.wafunda izinguquko ze-sodium alginate, i-chitosan ne-carboxymethyl fiber ngokuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo kwe-pH, i-nitrogen eyisisekelo eguquguqukayo, ububomvu kanye nenani eliphelele lamakoloni enyama yenkomo phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-16 zokugcinwa.Izinhlobo ezintathu zamafilimu adliwayo e-sodium vithamini asetshenziselwa ukugcina ubusha benyama ebolile.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ifilimu edliwayo ye-sodium alginate yayinomphumela omuhle wokulondolozwa kwendawo yokulondolozwa.UCaprioli et al.I-Study ephekwe ephekwe ngebele le-sodium leaseinate fili edliwayo bese iwagawula ngo-4 ° C.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ifilimu edliwayo ye-sodium edliwayo inganciphisa inyama yeTurkey ngesikhathi sokuqapha.ukuganga .
Ukwehla kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yasemanzini kubonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ekwehlisweni komswakama wamahhala, ukuwohloka ukunambitheka kanye nokuwohloka kokuthungwa komkhiqizo wasemanzini.Ukuwohloka kwemikhiqizo yasemanzini, i-oxidation, i-denaturation kanye nokusetshenziswa komile okubangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwe-microbial konke kunezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta impilo yaseshalofini yemikhiqizo yasemanzini.Isitoreji esibandayo yindlela ejwayelekile yokulondolozwa kwemikhiqizo yasemanzini, kepha kuzoba nezinga elithile lokuwohloka kwekhwalithi kwinqubo, okubaluleke kakhulu kwezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukulondolozwa kwamafilimu okudliwayo kwemikhiqizo yasemanzini kwaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 futhi manje sekusetshenziswe kabanzi.Ifilimu elidliwayo lingagcina le ngempumelelo imikhiqizo yasemanzini efriziwe, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi, futhi kungahlanganiswa nama-antioxidants ukuvikela i-oxidation enamafutha, ngathola injongo yokwengeza impilo yeshede nempilo eshalofini.Meenatchisundaram et al.Ilungiselelwe i-Starch-based Composite film edliwayo usebenzisa isitashi njenge-matrix futhi yengeze izinongo ezinjenge-clove nesinamoni, futhi uyisebenzisele ukulondolozwa kwe-shrimp emhlophe.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ifilimu edliwayo yesitashi ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwama-microorganisms, ukwehlisa i-oxiphation enamafutha, ukwelula impilo eshalofini ye-shrimp emhlophe efrijiwe ngo-10 ° C no-4 ° C kwande izinsuku ezingama-14 ne-12, ngokulandelana.UCheng yuayuan nabanye bafunda ukulondolozwa kwesixazululo se-pundulan futhi senze izinhlanzi ezihlanzekile.Ukulondolozwa kungavimba ngempumelelo ukukhula kwama-microorganisms, wehlise umoya we-oxidation amaprotheni nezinhlanzi namafutha, futhi ube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokulondolozwa kokugcina.Yunus et al.I-COACE TRICAIR TROUT ngefilimu edliwayo ye-gelatin ebekiwe kawoyela e-bay leaf, futhi wafunda nomphumela wokulondolozwa okufrijiwe ku-4 ° C.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ifilimu edliwayo ye-gelatin yasebenza kahle ekugcineni ikhwalithi ye-rainbow trout kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-22.isikhathi eside .Wang Siwei et al.Sebenzisa i-sodium alginate, chitosan kanye ne-CMC njengezinto eziphambili, kungezwe i-stearic acid ukulungiselela i-edliwayo yefilimu, futhi wayisebenzisa ukujaha i-penaeus Vannamei ukuze i-Penaeus VannesI yokuthola okusha.Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ifilimu eliyinhlanganisela le-CMC neChitosan uketshezi lunomphumela omuhle wokulondolozwa futhi lunganweba impilo eshalofini cishe izinsuku ezi-2.I-Yang Shengping nabanye basebenzisa i-chitosan-itiye poelphenol film edliwayo kanye nokulondolozwa kwe-hairtail entsha, engavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwamagciwane ngaphezulu kwe-hairdail, futhi kunwebe impilo ye-hairtail cishe izinsuku ezingu-12 .
1.1.3.6 Isicelo ekudleni okuthosiwe
Ukudla okuthosiwe okujulile kuwukudla okuthandwa kakhulu osekulungele ukudliwa okunomphumela omkhulu.Isongwe nge-polysaccharide nefilimu edliwayo yamaprotheni, okungavimbela ukushintshwa kombala kokudla ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthosa futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kawoyela.Ukungena komoya-mpilo kanye nomswakama [80].Ukudla okuthosiwe nge-gellan gum kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kawoyela ngo-35% -63%, njengokuthi lapho uthosa uSashimi, kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kawoyela ngo-63%;Lapho uthosa amazambane amazambane, kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kawoyela ngo-35% -63%.Kwehliswe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngo-60%, njll. [81].
I-Singthong et al.Kwenziwe amafilimu adliwayo ama-polysaccharides afana ne-sodium alginate, i-carboxymethyl cellulose kanye ne-pectin, esetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwemichilo ethosiwe kabhanana, futhi yafunda isilinganiso sokutholwa kwamafutha ngemuva kokuthosa.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi i-pectin kanye ne-carboxyl imichilo ethosiwe yebhanana eboshwe nge-methylcellulose ikhombisa ikhwalithi engcono yokuzwa, phakathi kwayo i-pectin edrible ifilimu yaba nomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekunciphiseni uwoyela [82].Holownia et al.Amafilimu we-HPMC ahlanganisiwe kanye namafilimu we-MC ebusweni bezinkukhu ezithosiwe zenkukhu ukutadisha izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni kawoyela, okuqukethwe kwamafutha acid kanye nenani lemibala kumafutha okuthosa.U-Sheng Meixiang et al.Kwenziwe amafilimu adliwayo i-CMC, iChitosan kanye ne-soybean amaprotheni ahlukanisayo, abekwe ama-potato chick, futhi abathobise amazinga okushisa aphezulu ukuze afunde ukufakwa kwamafutha, okuqukethwe kwamanzi, umbala, okuqukethwe kwe-acrylamide kanye nekhwalithi yemizwa yama-potato chips., imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi amaprotheni e-soya ahlukaniswa amafilimu adliwayo anomphumela obalulekile ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kwama-chips amazambane athosiwe, nefilimu edliwayo yeChitosan inomphumela ongcono ekunciphiseni okuqukethwe kwe-acrylamide [84].Salvador et al.Ihlanganiswe ingaphezulu lamasongo e-squid athosiwe anesitashi sikakolweni, isitashi sommbila esiguquliwe, i-dextrin kanye ne-gluten, engathuthukisa ubuhlakani bezindandatho ze-squid futhi banciphise isilinganiso sokufakwa kwamafutha [85].
1.1.3.7 Ukufaka isicelo ezimpahleni ezibhakiwe
Ifilimu elidliwayo lingasetshenziswa njengenhlanganisela ebushelelezi ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwezimpahla ezibhakiwe;Ingasetshenziswa njengesithiyo kumswakama, umoya-mpilo, amafutha, njll ukuthuthukisa impilo eshalofini yezimpahla ezibhakiwe, ngokwesibonelo, ifilimu edliwayo yeChitosan isetshenziselwa ukunamathela kokudla okulula kanye nokudla okulula, Isibonelo, amantongomane athosiwe ajwayele ukuhlanganiswa nokunamathela ukuze afake uSawoti kanye nama-soutings [87].
Christian et al.Kwenziwe amafilimu adliwayo we-sodium alginate kanye ne-Whey Protein futhi ahlanganise ubuso be-lactobacillus rhamnosus isinkwa se-probiotic.Lolu cwaningo luveze ukuthi izinga lokusinda kwama-probiotics lathuthukiswa kakhulu, kepha izinhlobo ezimbili zesinkwa esikhombise izindlela zokugaya ziyefana kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlanganiswa kwefilimu edliwayo akuguquki ukuthungwa, ukunambitheka kanye nezakhiwo ze-thermophysical zesinkwa [88].Panuwat et al.yengeze i-Indian gooseberry ekhishwe ku-methyl cellulose matrix ukuze kulungiswe ifilimu eyinhlanganisela edliwayo, futhi iyisebenzisele ukulondoloza ubusha bama-cashews athosiwe.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ifilimu edlalwayo ehlukahlukene ingavimbela ngempumelelo ama-cashews athosiwe ngesikhathi sokugcina.Ikhwalithi ewohloka nempilo eshalofini yamakhekhe athosiwe yanwetshwa ngezinsuku ezingaba ngu-99.Schou et al.yenza ifilimu edliwayo esobala futhi eguquguqukayo ene-sodium caseinate ne-glycerin, futhi yafunda izici zayo zokusebenzisa imishini, ukungena kwamanzi kanye nomthelela wayo wokupakisha ezingcezu zesinkwa esibhakiwe.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ifilimu edliwayo yeSodium SeaseNgemuva kokuthola izinkwa, ubulukhuni baso bungancishiswa ngaphakathi kwe-6 h yesitoreji emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni [90].Du et al.isebenzise ifilimu edliwayo esekwe ngama-apula kanye nefilimu edliwayo esekwe kutamatisi engezwe namafutha abalulekile esitshalo ukugoqa inkukhu egazingiwe, okungavimbeli nje ukukhula kwamagciwane ngaphambi kokugazinga inkukhu, kodwa futhi kwathuthukisa ukunambitheka kwenkukhu ngemva kokugazinga [91].UJavanmard et al.walungisa ifilimu edliwayo yesitashi sikakolweni futhi wayisebenzisa ukugoqa izikhwebu ze-pistachio ezibhakiwe.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ifilimu yesitashi edliwayo ingavimbela i-oxidative rancidity yamantongomane, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yamantongomane, futhi andise impilo yawo yeshalofu [92].Majid et al.isebenzise ifilimu edliwayo yamaprotheni e-whey ukumboza amantongomane agazingiwe, engakhuphula umgoqo we-oksijini, inciphise i-peanut rancidity, ithuthukise i-brittleness yamantongomane athosiwe, futhi yandise isikhathi sawo sokugcina [93].
1.1.3.8 Isicelo kwimikhiqizo ye-Confectionery
Imboni ye-Candy inezidingo eziphakeme zokwehluka kwezinto eziguquguqukayo, ngakho-ke ngoshokolethi namaswidi anezindawo ezibunjiwe, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amafilimu anempilo angenamanzi ukuze athathe isikhundla se-coating equkethe izingxenye zenhlanganisela eziqukethe izingxenye eziguqukayo eziqukethe izingxenye zenhlamba eziqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye eziguqukayo eziqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamandla aqukethe izingxenye ezinamakhaza.Ifilimu yokupakisha edliwayo ingakha ifilimu elivikelayo elibushelelezi ebusweni beswidi ukuze kuncishiswe ukufuduka komoyampilo nomswakama [19].Ukusetshenziswa kwamafilimu adliwayo amaprotheni e-whey ku-confectionery kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusakazeka kwezingxenye zayo eziguquguqukayo.Lapho ushokoledi usetshenziselwa ukuvumela ukudla okunamafutha anjengamakhukhi nebhotela lamantongomane, uwoyela uzothuthela engxenyeni yangaphandle yeshokolethi, okwenza ushokoledi onamathela futhi adale into "ebonakalayo ukushintsha ukunambitheka kwayo.Ukwengeza ungqimba lwezinto zokupakisha zefilimu ezidliwayo ezinomsebenzi wokuvimbela amafutha kungaxazulula le nkinga [94].
Nelson et al.Kusetshenziswe ifilimu elidliwayo le-methylcellulose kuma-candies ama-combo aqukethe ama-lipid amaningi futhi akhombise ukubhebhetheka okuphansi kakhulu kwe-LIPID, ngaleyo ndlela evimbela isimangaliso seqhwa eshokolethi [95].AbakwaMeyers basebenzise ifilimu edliwayo ye-hydrogel-wax.Amanzi alungiselelwe nguFadini et al.Ifilimu eyinhlanganisela yebhotela ye-Decollagen-cocoa yafundelwa izakhiwo zayo zokusebenzisa kanye nokungena kwamanzi, futhi yasetshenziswa njengendlela yokumboza imikhiqizo kashokoledi enemiphumela emihle [96].
1.1.4 Amafilimu Adliwayo Asuselwa Kuselulosi
Ifilimu edliwayo esuselwa ku-cellulose luhlobo lwefilimu edliwayo eyenziwe kusuka ku-cellulose eningi kakhulu kanye nokutholwa kwayo emvelweni njengezinto zokwakha eziphambili.Ifilimu edliwayo esuselwa ku-cellulose ingenamphundla futhi ayinambitha, futhi inamandla amahle emishini, izakhiwo eziba nesithiyo samafutha, ukuvela obala, ukuguquguquka kwezimo kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zomgodli.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesimo se-hydrophilic se-cellulose, ukumelana nefilimu edliwayo esuselwa ku-cellulose ukusebenza kwamanzi ngokuvamile kumpofu [82, 97-99].
Ifilimu edliwayo esuselwa ku-cellulose eyenziwe ngezinto zokwakha imfucuza ekukhiqizeni imboni yokudla ingathola amafilimu adliwayo wokupakisha ngokusebenza okuhle, futhi angasebenzisa futhi izinto zokwakha imfucuza ukukhulisa inani elingeziwe lemikhiqizo.Ferreira et al.impushana yensalela yezithelo nemifino ehlanganisiwe ne-powder yekhasi lamazambane ukuze kulungiswe ifilimu ehlanganisiwe esekelwe ku-cellulose, futhi isetshenziswe embotsheni ye-hawthorn ukuze kugcinwe ubusha, futhi kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle [62].Tan Huizi et al.wasebenzisa i-fiber yokudla ekhishwa ezinsizeni zikabhontshisi njengento eyisisekelo futhi wengeza inani elithile lokujiya ukuze alungise ifilimu edliwayo yefayibha kabhontshisi, enezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini kanye nezakhiwo ezithiyo [100], esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukupakisha isinongo se-noodle yokudla okusheshayo. , kulula futhi okunempilo ukuncibilikisa iphakethe lezinto ezibonakalayo ngqo emanzini ashisayo.
Okuphuma ku-cellulose encibilika emanzini, njenge-methyl cellulose (MC), i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), kungakha i-matrix eqhubekayo futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni nasekucwaningweni kwamafilimu adliwayo.U-Xiao Naiyu et al.wasebenzisa i-MC njengengxenye eyinhloko yokwakha ifilimu, wengeza i-polyethylene glycol ne-calcium chloride nezinye izinto ezisizayo, walungisa ifilimu edliwayo ye-MC ngendlela yokuphonsa, futhi wayisebenzisa ekulondolozeni i-olecranon, enganweba umlomo we-olecranon.Impilo eshalofini ye-peach yizinsuku ezingama-4.5 [101].Esmaeili et al.I-MC elungiselelwe i-MC edliwayo ifilimu ngokuphonsa futhi uyisebenzise ekuhlanganisweni kwama-microcapsos abalulekile kawoyela.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ifilimu le-MC linomphumela omuhle wokuvinjwa kwamafutha futhi lingasetshenziswa ekuphaketheni kokudla ukuvikela ukonakala kwe-acid onamafutha.Tian et al.amafilimu adliwayo e-MC ashintshiwe ane-stearic acid kanye namafutha angagcwele, angathuthukisa izakhiwo zokuvimba amanzi zamafilimu adliwayo e-MC [103].Lai Fengying et al.wafunda umphumela wohlobo lwe-solvent kwinqubo yokwenza ifilimu yefilimu edliwayo ye-MC kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimbela kanye nezakhiwo zemishini yefilimu edliwayo [104].
Ama-membranes we-CMC anezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela ku-O2, CO2 kanye namafutha, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokudla nomuthi 99].Bifani et al.Ama-membranes alungiselelwe ama-CMC futhi afundze umphumela wokukhishwa kwamaqabunga emaphepheni ama-water barrier kanye nezakhiwo zesithiyo segesi.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwezingxenye zamaqabunga kungathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zokuvimbela umswakama kanye ne-oksijini kulwelwesi, kodwa hhayi ku-CO2.Izakhiwo zesithiyo zihlobene nokuqoshwa kokukhishwa [105].de Moura et al.okulungiselelwe ama-chitosan nanoparticles aqinise amafilimu e-CMC, futhi afunda ukuzinza kokushisa, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuncibilika kwamanzi kwamafilimu ayinhlanganisela.Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ama-chitosan nanoparticles angathuthukisa ngempumelelo izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuqina okushisayo kwamafilimu we-CMC.Ucansi [98].Ghanbarzadeh et al.Amafilimu alungiselelwe ama-CMC adliwayo futhi afundze imiphumela ye-glycerol ne-oleic acid ezizakhisweni ze-physicochemical zamafilimu e-CMC.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izakhiwo zokuvimbela amafilimu zathuthukiswa kakhulu, kodwa izakhiwo zemishini nokungafihli kwehle [99].Cheng et al.walungisa ifilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-carboxymethyl cellulose-konjac glucomannan, futhi wafunda umphumela wamafutha esundu ezimpahleni ze-physicochemical zefilimu eyinhlanganisela.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ama-microsphere amancane we-lipid angakhulisa kakhulu ifilimu eyinhlanganisela.I-surface hydrophobicity kanye nokugoba kwesiteshi se-molecule yamanzi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza komgoqo womswakama we-membrane [106].
I-HPMC inezakhiwo ezinhle ezenziwe ngefilimu, futhi ifilimu yayo ivumelana nezimo, icacile, ingenamibala futhi ingenaphunga, futhi inezindawo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zamafutha, kepha izakhiwo zayo zemishini kanye nezindawo ezivimba amanzi zidinga ukwenziwa ngcono.Ucwaningo nguZiniga et al.kukhombisile ukuthi ukuqina kokuqala kanye nokuqina kwesisombululo sefilimu le-HPMC kungathinta kakhulu indawo kanye nokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwefilimu, futhi indlela amaconsi kawoyela angena ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamafilimu angathinta kakhulu ukudluliselwa kwefilimu kanye nomsebenzi wendawo ifilimu.Ukungezwa kwe-ejenti kungathuthukisa ukuqina kwesixazululo esakha amafilimu, okuthinta inhlupheko engaphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ze-optical zefilimu, kepha izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuvunyelwa komoya akuncishisiwe [107].Klangmuang et al.kusetshenziswe ubumba oluguquliwe kanye nezinyosi ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kulungiswe ifilimu edliwayo ye-HPMC ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimbela ifilimu ye-HPMC.Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwe-beewax kanye nokuguqulwa kobumba, izakhiwo zemishini zefilimu edliwayo ye-HPMC zaziqhathaniswa nalezo zefilimu edliwayo.Ukusebenza kwezingxenye zomswakama kwathuthukiswa [108].Dogan et al.Ifilimu elilungiselelwe i-HPMC edliwayo, futhi wasebenzisa i-microcrystalline celtulose ukuthuthukisa kanye nokushintsha ifilimu le-HPMC, futhi wafunda nokuvumela kwamanzi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zefilimu.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izakhiwo zokuvimbela umswakama wefilimu eguquliwe azizange zishintshe kakhulu., kodwa izakhiwo zayo zemishini ziye zathuthukiswa kakhulu [109].Choi et al.Kungezwe i-Oregano Leaf kanye ne-Bergamot Amafutha abalulekile kwi-MATRIX ye-HPMC ukulungiselela ifilimu eliyinhlanganisela elidliwayo, futhi walisebenzisa ekugcinweni kwe-coating kwama-plums amasha.Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ifilimu edliwayo lingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuphefumula kwama-plums, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethylene, ukunciphisa izinga lokunciphisa umzimba, kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yama-plums [110].Esteghlal et al.kuhlanganiswe i-HPMC ne-gelatin ukuze kulungiswe amafilimu ayinhlanganisela adliwayo futhi afundelwe amafilimu ayinhlanganisela.Izakhiwo ze-physichicochemical, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokuhambisana kwe-HPMC Gelatin kuveze ukuthi amafilimu ashubile e-HPMC Gelatin Composite Films awazange ashintshe kakhulu, angasetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa ama-caplule ezokwelapha [11].Villacres et al.wafunda izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo zesithiyo segesi kanye nezakhiwo ezilwa namagciwane ze-HPMC-cassava isitashi samafilimu ayinhlanganisela adliwayo.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi amafilimu ayinhlanganisela anezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela umoya-mpilo kanye nemiphumela elwa namagciwane [112].UByun et al.Ilungiselelwe ama-Shellac-HPMC Mempuarranes ahlanganisiwe, futhi afunde imiphumela yezinhlobo zama-emulsifiers kanye ne-shellac okuhlushwa ngolwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe.I-emulsifier yanciphisa izakhiwo zokuvimbela amanzi ze-membrane ehlanganisiwe, kodwa izakhiwo zayo zemishini azizange zehle kakhulu;Ukungezwa kweShellac kuthuthukise kakhulu ukuqina okushisayo kolwelwesi lwe-HPMC, futhi umphumela wayo wanda ngokwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-shellac [113].
1.1.5 Amafilimu Adliwayo Asekelwe Isitashi
Isitashi yi-polymer yemvelo yokulungiselela amafilimu adliwayo.Inezinzuzo zomthombo obanzi, intengo ephansi, i-biocompatibility kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini zokudla nemithi [114-117].Muva nje, ucwaningo lwamafilimu acwengekile esitashi namafilimu ayinhlanganisela asekelwe isitashi okugcina ukudla nokulondoloza avele ngokulandelana [118].Isitashi esiphakeme se-Amylose kanye nesitashi sayo esiguquliwe se-hydroxypropplopps yizinto eziphambili zokulungiswa kwamafilimu asuselwa esitokisini asuselwa ku-STASH - 119.Ukubuyiselwa kwesitashi kuyisizathu esikhulu sekhono laso ukwakha ifilimu.Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-amylose, kuqina ukuhlangana kwe-intermolecular, kuba lula ukukhiqiza ukubuyisela emuva, kanye nesakhiwo sokwenza ifilimu sibe ngcono, namandla okugcina efilimu.okukhulu.I-Amylose ingenza amafilimu ancibilikayo emanzini ane-oxygen encane ekwazi ukungena, futhi izakhiwo zesithiyo zamafilimu aphezulu-amylose ngeke zehle ngaphansi kwezindawo zokushisa eziphakeme, ezingavikela ngokuphumelelayo ukudla okuhlanganisiwe [120].
I-Starch edible ifilimu, engenamibala nephunga, inokubonakala okuhle, i-solubility yamanzi kanye ne-hydrophilicity eqinile, kepha isetshenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zokudla okunomswakama, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-oksigion yokudla [121-123].Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwelwesi olususelwa eStastary luthambekele ekugugeni nasekubuyiselweni emuva, futhi izakhiwo zazo zemishini zimpofu [124].Ukuze unqobe lokhu kushiyeka okungenhla, isitashi singashintshwa ngezindlela ezingokomzimba, zamakhemikhali, ze-enzymatic, zofuzo kanye nesengezo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zamafilimu adliwayo anesitashi [114].
Zhang zhengmao et al.Ifilimu elisebenzise i-Ultra-Fine Starch edliwayo kwi-COAPSRICRICRICE futhi ithole ukuthi inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamanzi, ukubambezeleka ukuncishiswa kokuqukethwe koshukela okwencibilikayo, futhi kwembule ngempumelelo isikhathi sesitoreji sama-sitrobheli [125].Garcia et al.Isitashi esiguquliwe esine-ratios ehlukene ye-chain ukuthola uketshezi oluguquliwe lwefilimu, olusetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa kwamafilimu okushaIzinga kanye nezinga lokubola zazingcono kunalezo zeqembu elingabanjwanga.Ghanbarzadeh et al.Isitashi esiguquliwe nge-citric acid cross-sick-licking futhi sathola ifilimu eliguqulwe nge-starch elixhunyiwe ngamakhemikhali.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngemva kokuguqulwa kokuxhumanisa, izakhiwo zokuvimbela umswakama kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zamafilimu esitashi zathuthukiswa [127].U-Gao Qunyu et al.yenze ukwelashwa kwe-enzymatic hydrolysis yesitashi futhi yathola ifilimu edliwayo yesitashi, futhi izakhiwo zayo zokuzilungisa ezinjengamandla aqinile, ukunwebeka nokugoqa ukumelana kwanda, nokusebenza komgoqo womswakama kwanda ngokwanda kwesikhathi sesenzo se-enzyme.Kuthuthukiswe kakhulu [128].Parra et al.wengeze i-ejenti exhumanisa i-tapioca isitashi ukuze kulungiswe ifilimu edliwayo enezakhiwo ezinhle zokusebenza kanye nezinga eliphansi lokudluliswa komhwamuko wamanzi [129].Fonseca et al.Kusetshenziswe i-sodium hypochlorite ku-oxidize starch futhi yalungiselela ifilimu edliwayo yesitashi esidiliziwe.Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izinga lokudlulisa umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nokuncibilika kwamanzi kwancishiswa kakhulu, okungase kusetshenziswe ekufakweni kokudla okunomsebenzi wamanzi aphezulu [130].
Ukuhlanganisa isitashi namanye ama-polymers adliwayo nama-spices kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zamafilimu adliwayo esitolo.Njengamanje, ama-polymers asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-collooids amaningi ama-coldophilic, anjenge-pectin, i-cellulose, i-sealeweed polysaccharide, chitosan, i-carrageenan kanye ne-Xanthan gum [131].
UMaria Rodriguez et al.Kusetshenziswe isitashi samazambane namapulasitiki noma ama-surfactants njengezinto eziphambili zokulungiselela amafilimu adliwayo isitashi, okukhombisa ukuthi ama-spices angakhuphula ukuguquguquka kwefilimu kanye nama-surfacters anganciphisa ukusakazwa kwefilimu [13).USantana et al.Kusetshenziswe ama-nanofibers ukuthuthukisa futhi aguqule amafilimu akhiqizwayo e-cassava starch edliwayo, futhi athole amafilimu ahlelwe yi-starch adliwe anezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini, izithiyo zezakhiwo, kanye nokuqina okushisayo [133].Azevedo et al.Iprotheni ye-Whey ehlanganisiwe nge-thermoplastic starch ukulungiselela impahla yefilimu efanayo, okukhombisa ukuthi i-Whey Protein kanye ne-thermoplastic starch inesithunzi esinamandla sokuhlobisa, futhi amaprotheni we-Whey angathuthukisa kakhulu ukutholakala kwesitashi.Ukuvimbela amanzi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zamafilimu adliwayo [134].U-Edhirej et al.walungisa ifilimu edliwayo esekwe isitashi se-tapioca, futhi wafunda umphumela we-plasticizer esakhiweni somzimba namakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nezakhiwo ezishisayo zefilimu.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi uhlobo nokugxila kwe-plasticizer kungathinta kakhulu ifilimu ye-tapioca isitashi.Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-plasticizers afana ne-urea ne-triethylene glycol, i-pectin inomphumela omuhle kakhulu we-plasticizing, futhi ifilimu yesitashi ye-pectin-plasticized inezindawo ezinhle zokuvimbela amanzi [135].Saberi et al.kusetshenziswe isitashi sephizi, i-guar gum kanye ne-glycerin ekulungiseleleni amafilimu ayinhlanganisela adliwayo.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi isitashi se-pea sadlala indima enkulu ekugqileni kwefilimu, ukuminyana, ukubumbana, ukungena kwamanzi kanye namandla okuqina.I-Guar gum Ingathinta amandla aqinile kanye ne-elastic modulus ye-membrane, futhi i-glycerol ingathuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwe-membrane [136].UJi et al.i-chitosan ehlanganisiwe kanye nesitashi sombila, futhi yengeza i-calcium carbonate nanoparticles ukuze kulungiswe ifilimu elwa namagciwane esekelwe isitashi.Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi amabhondi e-hydrogen e-intermolecular akhiwa phakathi kwesitashi ne-chitosan, futhi izakhiwo zemishini zefilimu zathuthukiswa futhi izakhiwo ze-antibacterial zathuthukiswa [137].UMeira et al.ifilimu ye-antibacterial ethuthukisiwe neshintshiwe ye-corn starch ene-kaolin nanoparticles, kanye nezakhiwo zomshini nezokushisa zefilimu eyinhlanganisela zathuthukiswa, futhi umphumela we-antibacterial awuzange uthinteke [138].Ortega-Toro et al.wengeze i-HPMC kusitashi futhi wengeza i-citric acid ukuze ulungiselele ifilimu edliwayo.Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kanye ne-citric acid kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukuguga kwesitashi futhi kunciphise ukuthambekela kwamanzi ngefilimu edliwayo, kepha izithiyo zomgoqo we-oksijini zilahla [139].
1.2 Ama-polymer hydrogel
Ama-Hydrogel ayikilasi lama-polymers angama-hydrophilic anesakhiwo senethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu ezingancibiliki emanzini kodwa angavuvukaliswa ngamanzi.Macroscopically, i-hydrogel inesimo esiqondile, ayikwazi ukugeleza, futhi iyinto eqinile.Ngokwe-Microscopically, ama-molecule ancibilikayo emanzini angasatshalaliswa ngezindlela ezihlukene nosayizi ku-hydrogel futhi asakazeke ngamanani ahlukene wokusabalalisa, ngakho i-hydrogel ikhombisa izakhiwo zesixazululo.Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sama-hydrogels sinamandla okulinganiselwe futhi sibhujiswa kalula.Kusesimweni phakathi kwe-solid noketshezi.Inokuqina okufanayo kokuqinile, futhi kuhluke ngokusobala kusuka kuqinile yangempela.
1.2.1 Ukubuka konke kwama-polymer hydrogels
1.2.1.1 Ukuhlelwa kwama-polymer hydrogel
I-polymer hydrogel isakhiwo senethiwekhi enezici ezintathu ezakhiwe ngokuxhumeka ngokomzimba noma kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwama-polymer molecule [143-146].Ithatha inani elikhulu lamanzi emanzini ukuze lizivukele, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, lingagcina isakhiwo salo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi libe ngaphansi kwamanzi.amanzi.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa ama-hydrogels.Ngokusekelwe umehluko ezakhiweni ezixhumanisayo, zingahlukaniswa ngama-gels angokomzimba nama-gel amakhemikhali.Amajeli angokwenyama akhiwa amabhondi e-hydrogen abuthakathaka, izibopho ze-ionic, ukusebenzisana kwe-hydrophobic, amandla e-van der Waals kanye nokuhlangana ngokomzimba phakathi kwamaketanga e-polymer yamangqamuzana namanye amandla angokwenyama, futhi angaguqulwa abe yizixazululo ezindaweni ezahlukene zangaphandle.Ibizwa ngokuthi i-gel engaguquki;ijeli yamakhemikhali imvamisa iyisakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu esihlala unomphela esakhiwe ngokuxhumanisa amabhondi amakhemikhali njengamabhondi ahlangene lapho kukhona ukushisa, ukukhanya, isiqalisi, njll. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwejeli, ayibuyiseleki emuva futhi ingunaphakade, eyaziwa nangokuthi Nge-condensate yangempela [147-149].Amajeli angokwenyama ngokuvamile awadingi ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali futhi anobuthi obuphansi, kodwa izakhiwo zabo zemishini zimpofu futhi kunzima ukumelana nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphandle;Amakhemikhali amakhemikhali ngokuvamile anokuqina okungcono kanye nezinto ezisebenza ngemishini.
Kususelwa kwimithombo ehlukene, ama-hydrogels angahlukaniswa ngama-hydrogels we-polymer okwenziwa kanye nama-hydrogels wemvelo.Ama-hydrogel e-polymer Synthetic angama-hydrogel akhiwe ngamakhemikhali e-polymerization yama-polymers okwenziwa, ikakhulukazi afaka i-polyacrylic acid, i-polyvinyl acetate, i-polyacrylamide, i-polyethylene oxide, njll.;ama-polymer hydrogel emvelo angama-Polymer hydrogel akhiwa ngokuxhumanisa ama-polymers emvelo afana nama-polysaccharides namaprotheni emvelo, okuhlanganisa i-cellulose, i-alginate, isitashi, i-agarose, i-hyaluronic acid, i-gelatin, ne-collagen [6, 7, 150], 151].Ama-polymer hydrogel emvelo avame ukuba nezici zomthombo obanzi, intengo ephansi kanye nobuthi obuphansi, futhi ama-polymer hydrogel okwenziwa ngokuvamile alula ukucutshungulwa futhi anesivuno esikhulu.
Kususelwa ezimpendulweni ezahlukahlukene endaweni yangaphandle, ama-hydrogels nawo angahlukaniswa ngama-hydrogels endabuko nama-smart hydrogels.Ama-hydrogels endabuko awazwakali azizwela ekushintsheni kwemvelo yangaphandle;Ama-Smart hydrogels angabona ushintsho oluncane endaweni yangaphandle futhi akhiqize ushintsho oluhambisanayo kwisakhiwo sendawo kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali [152-156].Kuma-hydrogels abucayi bokushisa, ivolumu lishintsha ngokushisa kwemvelo.Imvamisa, ama-hydrogels anjalo we-polymer aqukethe amaqembu e-hydrophilic afana ne-hydrophilic, i-ether kanye namaqembu afana ne-methyl, ethyl kanye ne-propll.Izinga lokushisa lemvelo yangaphandle lingathinta ukuxhumana kwe-hydrophilic noma i-hydrophobic phakathi kwama-molecule we-gel, ukubopha ama-hydrogen kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwama-molecule wamanzi nama-polymer, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinta ibhalansi yohlelo lwe-gel.Kuma-hydrogels abucayi be-PHDROGE, uhlelo luvame ukuhambisa amaqembu esisekelo se-acid-base njengamaqembu e-carboxyl, amaqembu we-sulfonic acid noma amaqembu we-amino.Emvelweni eguqukayo ye-PH, la maqembu angadonsa noma akhiphe ama-proton, aguqule ubudlelwane be-hydrogen ejeli kanye nomehluko phakathi kokugxila kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Ion, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-gel yangaphakathi nangaphandle, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-gel yangaphakathi nangaphandle, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-gel yangaphakathi nangaphandle.Emkhakheni kagesi, amandla kazibuthe kanye nama-hydrogels athambile akhanyayo, aqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo anjenge-polyelectsyte, ama-oxides wensimbi, namaqembu ezithombe, ngokulandelana.Ngaphansi kokuvuselelwa okuhlukile kwangaphandle, izinga lokushisa lesistimu noma i-ionization degree lishintshiwe, bese ivolumu ye-gel iguqulwa umgomo ofana ne-hydrogel yokushisa noma ye-Ph-ansitive hydrogel.
Ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni kwe-GEL ehlukene, ama-hydrogels angahlukaniswa ngama-gels aqondwe amakhaza nama-gels angu-157].Ijeli obandayo, okukhulunywa ngayo njenge-gel ebandayo ngemfushane, i-macromolecule ekhona ngendlela yamakhoyili angahleliwe ekushiseni okuphezulu.Phakathi nenqubo yokupholisa, ngenxa yesenzo se-intermolecular hydrogen bond, izingcezu ze-helical zenziwa kancane kancane, ngaleyo ndlela ziqedele inqubo kusuka kwisisombululo.Ukuguqukela ejeli [158];Ijeli elibangelwa yi-Thermo, okukhulunywa ngalo njenge-Thermal Gel, i-macromolecule esingu-Solution State ngamazinga aphansi.Phakathi nenqubo yokushisa, isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu sakhiwe ngokusebenzisana kwe-hydrophobic, njll, ngaleyo ndlela kugcwalise ukuguqulwa kwe-gelation [159], 160].
Ama-Hydrogels nawo angahlukaniswa ngama-hydrogels we-homopolymeric, ama-hydrogels ahlanganisiwe kanye nama-hydrogels wenethiwekhi asuselwa kwizakhiwo ezihlukile zenethiwekhi, ama-hydrogels amancane kanye nama-macroscopic hydrogels asuselwa osayizi abahlukahlukene be-gel, kanye nezakhiwo ezinama-bioderbOdable.Ihlukaniswe ngokuhlukile ama-hydrogels angonakalisiwe nama-hydrogels angawonakali.
1.2.1.2 Ukusetshenziswa kwama-phydrogels wemvelo we-polymer
I-Natural Polymer Hydrogels inezimpawu zokuqina okuhle, ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, imithombo eminingi, ukuzwela okuphezulu, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo, ukukhiqizwa kwezemvelo, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo futhi kukhiqizwe kabanzi isetshenziswa embonini nakwezinye izinkambu [142, 161-165].
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-polymer hydrogel emvelo emikhakheni ehlobene ne-biomedical.Ama-hydrogel emvelo e-polymer ane-biocompatibility enhle, i-biodegradability, futhi ayinayo imiphumela emibi enobuthi, ngakho-ke angasetshenziswa njengezingubo zokugqoka amanxeba futhi axhumane ngokuqondile nezicubu zomuntu, ezinganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuhlasela kwe-microorganisms in vitro, uvimbele ukulahlekelwa uketshezi lomzimba, futhi uvumele umoya-mpilo. ukudlula.Kuthuthukisa ukuphulukiswa kwezilonda;ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa amalensi okuxhumana, ngezinzuzo zokugqoka ngokunethezeka, ukungena kahle kwe-oxygen, kanye nokwelashwa okusizayo kwezifo zamehlo [166, 167].Ama-polymers emvelo afana nokwakheka kwezicubu eziphilayo futhi angabamba iqhaza kumetabolism evamile yomzimba womuntu, ngakho-ke ama-hydrogel anjalo angasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha zescaffold zobunjiniyela bezicubu, ukulungisa uqwanga lobunjiniyela bezicubu, njll. Izikafula zobunjiniyela bezicubu zingahlukaniswa zibe pre- ama-scaffolds abunjiwe nawokujova.Ama-stents abunjwe ngaphambili asebenzisa amanzi uhlaka olukhethekile lwenethiwekhi ye-3-dimensional yejeli luyenza ikwazi ukudlala indima ethile esekelayo ezicutshini zebhayoloji ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngendawo ethile yokukhula eyanele yamaseli, futhi ingadala ukukhula kwamaseli, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye nokonakala kanye ukumuncwa komzimba womuntu [168].Ama-stents abunjwe ngomjovo asebenzisa indlela yokuguquka kwesigaba sama-hydrogel ukuze enze ama-gel ngokushesha ngemva kokujova esimweni sesisombululo esigelezayo, esinganciphisa ubuhlungu beziguli [169].Amanye ama-polymer hydrogel emvelo azwela imvelo, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zokukhululwa ezilawulwa yizidakamizwa, ukuze izidakamizwa ezifakwe kuzo zingadedelwa ezingxenyeni ezidingekayo zomzimba womuntu ngendlela enqunyelwe isikhathi neyobuningi, ukunciphisa ubuthi nohlangothi. imiphumela yezidakamizwa emzimbeni womuntu [170].
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-polymer hydrogel emvelo emikhakheni ehlobene nokudla.Ama-polymer hydrogel emvelo ayingxenye ebalulekile yokudla okuthathu kwabantu ngosuku, njengamanye ama-dessert, amaswidi, esikhundleni senyama, iyogathi no-ayisikhilimu.Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesengezo sokudla ezimpahleni zokudla, ezingathuthukisa izakhiwo zayo zomzimba futhi zinikeze ukunambitheka okubushelelezi.Isibonelo, isetshenziswa njenge-thickener kumasobho namasoso, njenge-emulsifier kujusi, nanjenge-ejenti yokumisa.Eziphuzweni zobisi, njenge-ejenti ye-gelling ku-puddings nama-aspics, njenge-ejenti ecacisayo kanye ne-foam stabilizer kubhiya, njenge-syneresis inhibitor kushizi, njenge-binder kumasoseji, njengoba i-starch retrogradation Inhibitors isetshenziswa kusinkwa nebhotela [171-174] ].Kusukela ku-Food Additives Handbook, kungabonakala ukuthi inani elikhulu lama-polymer hydrogel emvelo avunyelwe njengezithasiselo zokudla zokucubungula ukudla [175].I-Natural Polymer Hydrogels isetshenziswa njengezindawo zokudla okunempilo ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yezempilo kanye nokudla okusebenzayo, njengemicu yokudla, esetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokunciphisa isisindo nemikhiqizo elwa nokuqunjelwa [17, 177];njengama-prebiotics, asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo yamakholoni kanye nemikhiqizo yokuvimbela umdlavuza wekoloni [178];I-Natural Polymer Hydrogels ingenziwa izembozo noma amafilimu angcolile noma amafilimu, angasetshenziswa emkhakheni wezinto zokupakisha zokudla, ezinjengezithelo zokugcina imifino, zingakwazi ukwandisa impilo eshalofini wezithelo nemifino futhi ugcine izithelo nemifino kusha futhi kuthambile;ingasetshenziswa futhi njengezinto zokupakisha zokudla okulula njengamasoseji nama-condiments ukuze kube lula ukuhlanza [179, 180].
Ngokuqondene nezidingo zansuku zonke, zingafakwa ekunakekelweni kwesikhumba esicwebezelayo noma izimonyo, ezingakwazi ukuvimbela kuphela umkhiqizo ukuba wome endaweni yokugcina, kodwa futhi umswakama ongapheli kanye nomswakama wesikhumba;Ngokuya kwemvelo, isetshenziswa njenge-flocculant ne-adsorbent yokwelashwa kwendle okuvame ukufaka ama-ion esindayo, amakhompiyutha amnandi kanye namadayi ukuvikela izinsiza zamanzi futhi kuthuthukise imvelo [184].
1.2.2 hydroxypropylll methylcellulose thermogel
I-Cellulose iyingxenye yemvelo ye-macroolecular efundwe ekuqaleni, inobudlelwano obusondele kakhulu nabantu, futhi yiyona enambitheke kakhulu emvelweni.Ikhona kabanzi ezitshalweni eziphakeme, ama-algae kanye ama-microorganisms [186, 187].I-cellulose yaheha kancane kancane ngenxa yomthombo wayo obanzi, intengo ephansi, evuselelekayo, i-biodegradable, ephephile, engeyona i-biocomtic [188].
1.2.2.1 cellulose kanye nama-ether alo
I-Cellulose iyi-polymer ye-long-chain eqondile eyakhiwe ngokuxhunywa kwamayunithi esakhiwo se-D-anhydroglucose ngokusebenzisa i-β-1,4 glycosidic bond [189-191].Insoluble.Ngaphandle kweqembu elilodwa ekugcineni ekupheleni kweketango lamangqamuzana, kunamaqembu amathathu e-polar hydroxyl kuyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose, engenza inani elikhulu le-intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bond ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile;futhi i-cellulose iyisakhiwo se-polycyclic, futhi iketango lamangqamuzana liqinile.I-Chain, i-crystallinity ephezulu, futhi ejwayelekile kakhulu ngesakhiwo, ngakho-ke inezici zezinga eliphezulu le-polymerization, i-molecular orientation enhle, nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali [83, 187].Njengoba iketango le-cellulose liqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqembu e-hydroxyl, lingashintshwa ngamakhemikhali ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-esterification, i-oxidation, ne-etherification ukuze kutholwe okuphuma ku-cellulose okunezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenza [192, 193].
Okuphuma ku-cellulose kungenye yemikhiqizo yokuqala eyacwaningwa futhi yakhiqizwa emkhakheni we-polymer chemistry.Phakathi kwazo, izithambiso ze-cellulose zisetshenziswa kabanzi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-cellulose ethers, wonke lawo ngokuvamile anezindawo zawo eziyingqayizivele nezinhle kakhulu, futhi asetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi efana nokudla nemithi [195].I-MC iwuhlobo olulula lwe-cellulose ether eneqembu le-methyl.Ngokukhuphuka kwezinga elifakiwe, kungachithwa kwikhambi le-alkaline, amanzi, utshwala kanye ne-aromatic hydrocarbon solvent nakho okubonisa izakhiwo ezihlukile ze-thermal gel.[136].I-CMC i-anionic cellulose ether etholakala ku-cellulose yemvelo nge-alkalization kanye ne-acidification.
Iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu i-cellulose ether, encibilika emanzini [197].I-HPC, i-hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether etholwe nge-alkalizing ne-etherifying cellulose, ine-thermoplasticity enhle futhi ibonisa izakhiwo zejeli ezishisayo, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lejeli lithintwa kakhulu izinga lokushintshwa kwe-hydroxypropyl [198].I-HPMC, i-ether ebalulekile exubile, futhi inempahla ye-gel eshisayo, futhi izakhiwo zalo ze-gel zihlobene nokufakaza okubili kanye nezilinganiso zazo [199].
1.2.2.2 Hydroxypropyllll methylcellulose
I-Hydroxypropylykylk methyl cellulose (HPMC), isakhiwo samangqamuzana sikhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 1-3, iyi-cellulose ejwayelekile yokuncibilikisa amanzi e-cellulose.Ukusabela kokusheshisa kwe-methyl chloride kanye ne-propelene oxide kwenziwa ukuthola [200110] ukuthola [2001], kanti kuboniswa i-equation yokusabela kwamakhemikhali kuMfanekiso 1-4.
Kukhona i-hydroxy propoxy (- [OCH2CH (CH3)] n oh), amaqembu e-methoxy (-Och3) namaqembu angelona angenakunqotshwa kwiyunithi yesakhiwo se-HPMC ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kukhombisa isenzo esihlanganyelwe samaqembu ahlukahlukene.[202].Isilinganiso phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili sinqunywa yisilinganiso esikhulu salawa ma-ejenti amabili, okuhlushwa kanye nesisindo se-sodium hydroxide, kanye nesilinganiso sobuningi bama-ejenti aphenyayo nge-cellulose [203].leli qembu liyiqembu le-hydrophobic futhi linesakhiwo esifushane [204, 205].Amaqembu angeqiswanga athuliwe futhi asanda kwethulwa angaqhubeka nokufakwa esikhundleni, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali okugcina okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezakhiwo ze-HPMC ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwebanga elithile.Ku-HPMC, inani elincane lokufaka esikhundleni senza izakhiwo zalo ze-physicochemical zihluke ngokuphelele [206], ngokwesibonelo, izakhiwo ze-phydroxyproppropylyl HPMC zisondele ku-MC;Ukusebenza kwe-HPMC kusondele ku-HPC.
1.2.2.3 Izakhiwo ze-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
(1) I-ThermologlindeAbility ye-HPMC
I-HPMC chain inezici eziyingqayizivele ze-hydration-dehydration ngenxa yokwethulwa kwamaqembu we-hydrophobic-methyl-hydroxypropyl.Ishintsha kancane kancane i-gelation lapho ishisa, futhi ibuyela esimweni sesixazululo ngemva kokupholisa.Okusho ukuthi, inezakhiwo zejeli ezibangelwa ukushisa, futhi i-gelation phenomenon iyinqubo ehlehliswayo kodwa engafani.
Mayelana nendlela yokuhlangana ye-HPMC, imukelwa kabanzi ukuthi emazingeni okushisa aphansi (ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa we-gelation), i-HPMC ngesixazululo kanye nama-molecule wamanzi we-polar ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngesakhiwo esibizwa nge- "birdcage"-ngendlela enjenge-supramoleebul.Kukhona ezinye izinto ezilula eziphakathi kwamaketanga ama-molelisar we-HPMC e-hpmc, ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona okunye ukusebenzisana.Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-HPMC ithola amandla okuqala ukuphula izibopho ze-hppolecular hydrogen phakathi kwama-molecule wamanzi nama-molecule we-hpmc, abhubhise kancane amanzi ama-molecular, futhi alahlekelwe yi-hydroxypropyll kanye ne-methoxy.Njengoba izinga lokushisa liqhubeka nokwanda (ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa lejeli), ama-molecule e-HPMC kancane kancane akha isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu ngokusebenzisa inhlangano ye-hydrophobic, amajeli e-HPMC agcina enza [160, 207, 208].
Ukungezwa kosawoti we-inorganic kunomthelela omuhle ekushiseni kwe-gel kwe-HPMC, abanye banciphisa izinga lokushisa le-gel ngenxa yokulahla isikhalazo, kanti abanye bakhulisa izinga lokushisa le-gel ngenxa yento yokuchithwa kosawoti [209].Ngokungezwa kosawoti okufana ne-NACL, into ye-salting yenzeka futhi izinga lokushisa le-HPMC lincipha [210, 211].Ngemuva kokuthi usawoti wengezwe ku-HPMC, ama-molecule wamanzi athambekele kakhudlwana ukuhlanganisa nama-ions kasawoti, ukuze kubhujiswe isibopho se-hpdrogen, futhi ungqimba lwamanzi azungeze ama-molecule we-HPMC adliwa, futhi ama-molecule we-HPMC angakhishwa ngokushesha hydrophobicity.Inhlangano, izinga lokushisa le-gel ukwakheka kancane liyancipha.Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho kufakwa usawoti njengoNasc, into yokuchithwa kosawoti kwenzeka futhi izinga lokushisa le-HPMC landa [212].Ukuhleleka komphumela onciphayo we-anions on the gel lokushisa yile: She42-> H2PO4-> F- POPO4-> F-> cl- >> Ukwanda kwe-GEL lokushisa yile: Li +> Na +> K +> Mg2 +> I-CA2 + I-CA2 +> BA2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213] Ba2 + [213]
Lapho amanye ama-molecule amancane aphilayo anjenge-monohydric aqukethe amaqembu ama-hydroxyl anezelwa, izinga lokushisa le-gel likhuphuka ngokwanda kwenani lokungezwa, libonisa inani eliphakeme kakhulu bese liyancipha kuze kube yilapho ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kwenzeka [214, 215].Lokhu kungenxa yesisindo sayo esincane samangqamuzana, esiqhathaniswa naleso sama-molecule amanzi ngokulandelana kobukhulu, futhi angafinyelela ukungafani kweleveli ngemuva kokuhlanganisa.
(2) I-Solubity ye-HPMC
I-HPMC inezindawo ezishisayo zokungabonakali namanzi ezibandayo ezifana ne-MC, kepha zingahlukaniswa ngohlobo olubandayo lokuhlakazwa kanye nohlobo olushisayo lokuhlakazeka ngokuya nge-solubelility ehlukene yamanzi [203].I-HPMC ehlakazekile ebandayo ingasabalalisa ngokushesha emanzini abandayo emanzini abandayo, futhi ukubonakala kwalo kukhuphuka ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, futhi kuchithwe ngempela emanzini;I-HPMC ehlakazekile ngokushisa, ngokuphambene nalokho, ibonisa i-agglomeration lapho ungeza amanzi ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukungeza.Ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, i-HPMC ingahlakazeka ngokushesha, futhi i-viscosity inyuka ngemuva kokushisa kwehle, kube yisisombululo sangempela se-HPMC.I-solubity ye-HPMC emanzini ihlobene nokuqukethwe kwamaqembu we-methoxy, okuyi-insoluble emanzini ashisayo ngaphezulu kwama-85 ° C, 65 ° C no-60 ° C no-60 ° C no-60Ngokuvamile, i-HPMC iyi-insoluble kuma-solvents ezi-organic as acetone kanye ne-chloroform, kepha incibilika esikhani se-ethanol namanzi kanye nezixazululo ezixubile.
(3) Ukubekezelela usawoti kwe-HPMC
Imvelo engeyona eye-ionic ye-HPMC yenza ukuthi ingakwazi ukukwabiwa emanzini, ngakho-ke ngeke isabele ngama-ion wensimbi ukuze uqonde.Kodwa-ke, ukungezwa kosawoti kuzothinta izinga lokushisa lapho kwakhiwa khona i-HPMC GEL.Lapho kukhula usawoti, izinga lokushisa le-gel le-HPMC liyancipha;Lapho ukugxila usawoti kuphansi kunephuzu le-floccation, i-viscosity yesisombululo se-HPMC ingandiswa, ngakho-ke ekusetshenzisweni, inhloso yokuqina ingatholakala ngokungeza inani elifanele likasawoti [210, 216.
(4) i-acid ne-alkali ukumelana kwe-HPMC
Ngokuvamile, i-HPMC inokuqina okunamandla kwe-acid-base futhi ayithintwa yi-PH ku-PH 2-12.I-HPMC ikhombisa ukumelana ne-degree ethile ye-dilite acid, kepha ikhombisa ukuthambekela kokunciphisa ukubonwa kwe-acid ehlanganisiwe;I-Alkalalis ayithobi ncono kuyo, kepha inganda kancane bese yehlisa kancane isikhathi sokuvunywa kwesisombululo [217, 218].
(5) ukuthonya into ye-HPMC Viscosity
I-HPMC iyi-pseudoplastic, isixazululo saso sizinzile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, futhi ukubonakala kwaso kuthintwa isisindo se-molecular, ukugxila kanye nokushisa.Ekuhlushweni okufanayo, kukhuphuka isisindo se-hpmc molecular isisindo, kuphakama okubonakalayo;Ngomkhiqizo ofanayo we-molecular wesisindo, okuphezulu kwe-HPMC, okuphezulu kwe-viscosity;I-viscosity yomkhiqizo we-HPMC incipha ngokwanda kokushisa, futhi ifinyelele emazingeni okushisa okushisa kwe-gel, ngokwenyuka okungazelelwe ekubonakaleni ngenxa ye-gelation [9, 219, 220.
(6) Ezinye izakhiwo ze-HPMC
I-HPMC inokumelana okuqinile kuma-enzyme, futhi ukumelana kwayo kuma-enzyme kukhuphuka ngezinga lokufakwa esikhundleni.Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo unekhwalithi ezinzile ngesikhathi sokugcina kuneminye imikhiqizo kashukela [189, 212].I-HPMC inezakhiwo ezithile ezimangazayo.Amaqembu e-Hydrophobic methoxy angakhangiswa ebusweni besigaba samafutha ku-emulsion ukuze enze ungqimba oluqinile lwe-adsorption, olungasebenza njengesendlalelo sokuzivikela;Amaqembu we-Hydroxyls angenamanzi angahlanganiswa namanzi ukuthuthukisa isigaba esiqhubekayo.I-Viscosity, ivimbela ama-coalescence esigaba esihlakazekile, kunciphisa ukungezwani komhlaba, futhi kuzinze i-emulsion [221].I-HPMC ingaxutshwa nama-polymers ancibilikayo emanzini afana ne-gelatin, i-methylcellulose, i-locust bean gum, i-carrageenan ne-gum arabic ukuze kwakheke isixazululo esifana nesento esobala, futhi ingaxutshwa nama-plasticizers afana ne-glycerin ne-polyethylene glycol.[200, 201, 214].
1.2.2.4 Izinkinga ezikhona ekusetshenzisweni kweHydroxypropylylylylylylylykylk
Okokuqala, intengo ephezulu ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-HPMC.Yize ifilimu ye-HPMC inokuvela okuhle, izakhiwo zesithiyo se-grease kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.Kodwa-ke, inani layo eliphakeme (cishe ama-100,000 / TONT) likhawulela uhlelo lwayo olubanzi, ngisho nasezisetshenzisweni zezemithi eziphakeme ezifana nama-caplule.Isizathu esenza ukuthi i-HPMC ibiza kakhulu okokuqala ngokokuqala ngoba impahla eluhlaza esetshenziselwa ukulungiselela i-HPMC iyabiza kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu amabili abambele, i-hydroxypropyl group kanye neqembu le-methoxy, axhunyelelwa ku-HPMC ngesikhathi esisodwa, okwenza inqubo yayo yokulungiselela ibe nzima kakhulu.Kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo ye-HPMC iyabiza kakhulu.
Okwesibili, i-viscosity ephansi kanye ne-gel amandla anamandla we-HPMC kumazinga okushisa aphansi anciphisa ukucubungula kwawo ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene.I-HPMC iyi-germal gel, ekhona esimweni sokulungiselela isixazululo esiphansi kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi, futhi ingakha i-gel eqinile efana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ngakho-ke ukucubungula izinqubo okufana nokufaka ama-coating .Ngaphandle kwalokho, ikhambi lizophuma kalula, okuholela ekwakhekeni kokuqukethwe kwefilimu okungafaniyo, okuzothinta ikhwalithi nokusebenza komkhiqizo.Ukusebenza okuphezulu okuphezulu kakhulu kukhulisa ubunzima bokusebenza, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza.
1.2.3 I-hydroxypropyll starch ebandayo gel
Isitashi siyinhlanganisela yemvelo ye-polymer ehlanganiswe yi-photosynthesis yezitshalo endaweni yemvelo.Ama-polysaccharides awo akhona avame ukugcinwa kwimbewu kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ngesimo sezinhlaka kanye namaprotheni, imicu, amafutha, ushukela kanye namaminerali.noma empandeni [222].Isitashi akuwona kuphela umthombo oyinhloko wokudla amandla kubantu, kodwa futhi i-industrial material eluhlaza.Ngenxa yomthombo wayo obanzi, intengo ephansi, eluhlaza okotshani, yemvelo futhi evuseleleke, isetshenziswe kabanzi ekudleni nasezokwelapha, ukuvutshelwa, izimboni ze-petroleum [223].
1.2.3.1 isitashi kanye nezinto zayo zokutholwa kwayo
Isitashi i-polymer ephezulu yemvelo iyunithi yalo yesakhiwo se-α-D-Anhydroglucose unit.Amayunithi ahlukene axhunywe ngamabhondi e-glycosidic, futhi ifomula yawo yamangqamuzana ithi (C6H10O5) n.Ingxenye yochungechunge lwamangqamuzana kuma-starch granules ixhunywe yi-α-1,4 glycosidic bond, okuyi-amylose eqondile;enye ingxenye yochungechunge lwamangqamuzana ixhunywe yi-α-1,6 glycosidic bond ngalesi sisekelo, okuyi-branched amylopectin [224].Kuma-starch granules, kunezifunda ze-crystalline lapho ama-molecule ahlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile kanye nezifunda ze-amorphous lapho ama-molecule ahlelwa ngokungahlelekile.ukwakheka kwengxenye.Awukho umngcele ocacile phakathi kwesifunda se-crystalline kanye nesifunda se-amorphous, futhi ama-amylopectin ama-molecule angadlula ezindaweni eziningi ze-crystalline nezifunda ze-amorphous.Ngokusekelwe kumvelo yemvelo ye-starch synthesis, isakhiwo se-polysaccharide esitashi siyahlukahluka ngezinhlobo zezitshalo nezindawo zomthombo [225].
Nakuba isitashi sesiphenduke enye yezinto ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza ezimbonini ngenxa yomthombo waso obanzi kanye nezakhiwo ezivuselelekayo, isitashi somdabu ngokuvamile sinezinkinga ezifana nokungancibiliki kahle kwamanzi kanye nezakhiwo zokwakha amafilimu, amakhono aphansi okufaka i-emulsifying kanye ne-gelling, kanye nokungaqini kahle okwanele.Ukuze kwandiswe uhla lwayo lokusebenza, isitashi ngokuvamile siguqulwa ngokwe-physicochemically ukuze sivumelane nezidingo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza [38, 114].Kunamaqembu amathathu e-hydroxyl yamahhala kuyunithi ngayinye yesakhiwo se-glucose kuma-molecule esitashi.Lawa maqembu e-hydroxyl asebenza kakhulu futhi anikeza isitashi esinezakhiwo ezifana nama-polyols, anikeza ithuba lokusabela kokuvela kwesitashi.
Ngemuva kokuguqulwa, ezinye izakhiwo zesitashi sendabuko sezithuthukisiwe ngezinga elikhulu, linqobe izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwesitashi sendabuko, ngakho-ke isitashi esiguquliwe sidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yamanje [226].I-oxidized starch ingenye yezindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe.Uma kuqhathaniswa nesitashi somdabu, isitashi esine-oxidized kulula ukusigaxa.Izinzuzo zokunamathela okuphezulu.I-Esterified isitashi iwukuphuma kwesitashi okwakhiwa yi-esterification yamaqembu e-hydroxyl kuma-molecule esitashi.Izinga eliphansi kakhulu lokushintsha lingashintsha kakhulu izakhiwo zesitashi somdabu.Ukungafihli kanye nezakhiwo zefilimu zokunamathisela isitashi ngokusobala ziyathuthukiswa.Isitashi esine-etherifish ukusabela kwe-hydroxyl amaqembu ama-hydroxyl kuma-molecule wesitashi ukukhiqiza i-polystarch ether, futhi ukubuyisa kwayo kubuthakathaka.Ngaphansi kwezimo eziqinile ze-alkaline ezinesitashi esididiwayo kanye nesitashi esiveziwe esingenakusetshenziswa, isibopho se-ether singahlala sizinzile.ethambekele ku-hydrolysis.I-Acid-modified isitashi, isitashi siphathwa nge-asidi ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-amylose, okuholela ekubuyiseleni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokunamathisela isitashi.Ibonakala esobala futhi yenza ijeli eqinile lapho ipholisa [114].
1.2.3.2 HYDROXYPROPPROPYL BRAMCH
I-Hydroxypropyl starch (HPS), ekhokhelwa isimo sayo samangqamuzana 1-4, i-ether yesitashi esingewona isitashi, esilungiselelwe ukusabela kwe-etherch ye-oxide ngaphansi kwezitashi ngaphansi kwezimo [223, 227 ,,,, i-chemical reaction equation iboniswa kuMfanekiso 1-6.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-HPS, ngaphezu kokuphendula ngesitashi ukukhiqiza isitashi se-hydroxypropyll, i-opylene oxide nayo ingaphendula ngesitayela se-hydroxyproppropylyl ukukhiqiza amaketanga aseceleni akhiqizwayo.izinga lokushintsha.I-Degree of substitution (DS) ibhekisela enanini elimaphakathi lamaqembu e-hydroxyl ashintshiwe ngeqembu ngalinye le-glucosyl.Iningi lamaqembu ama-glucosyl aqukethe amaqembu ama-3 hydroxyl angathathelwa indawo, ngakho-ke ama-DS aphezulu angu-3Imibandela yenqubo yokusabela kwe-hydroxypropylation, i-starch granule morphology, kanye nesilinganiso se-amylose ku-amylopectin esitashilweni somdabu sonke sithinta usayizi we-MS.
1.2.3.3 Izakhiwo ze-hydroxypropyl starch
(1) I-gelisation ebandayo ye-HPS
Nge-Stary Starch eshisayo eshisayo, ikakhulukazi uhlelo oluqukethwe oluphezulu lwe-Amylose, ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa, amaketanga ama-Amylose, amaketanga ama-molecular ama-molecular in the Starch paste infangle nomunye ukuze wakhe isenzo senethiwekhi enezici ezintathu, futhi abonise ukuziphatha okuqinile okuqinile.Kuba yi-elastomer, kwakha ijeli, futhi kungabuyela esimweni sokulungiselela isixazululo ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kabusha, okungukuthi, kunezakhiwo ezibandayo zejeli, futhi le gel phenomenon inezakhiwo eziguqukayo [228.
I-gelatinized amylose ihlanganiswa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze yakhe ukwakheka kwe-coaxial single helical.Ingaphandle yalezi zakhiwo ze-helical eyodwa iyiqembu le-hydrophilic, futhi ngaphakathi kune-hydrophobic cavity.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-HPS ikhona kusisombululo samanzi njengamakhoyili angahleliwe lapho amanye amasegimenti e-helical enwebeka khona.Lapho izinga lokushisa lehliswa, izibopho ze-hydrogen phakathi kwe-HPS namanzi ziyaphuka, amanzi esakhiwo ayalahleka, futhi izibopho ze-hydrogen phakathi kwamaketanga amangqamuzana ziyaqhubeka kwakheka, ekugcineni kwakheka ukwakheka kwejeli yenethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu.Isigaba sokugcwalisa kunethiwekhi yejeli yesitashi yizicucu zesitashi ezisele noma izingcezu ngemva kwe-gelatinization, futhi ukuhlangana kwe-amylopectin ethile nakho kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwejeli [230-232].
(2) hydrophility of hps
Ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-hydrophilic hydroxypropyl kwenza buthaka amandla ezibopho ze-hydrogen phakathi kwama-molecule e-starch, kukhuthaza ukunyakaza kwama-molecule e-starch noma izingxenye, futhi kunciphisa izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo lama-microcrystals e-starch;Ukwakheka kwama-starch granules kuguquliwe, futhi ingaphezulu lama-starch granules akhuphuka njengoba izinga lokushisa lenyuka, kuvela eminye imifantu, ukuze ama-molecule wamanzi avele kalula, ukuze ama-molecule wamanzi akwazi ukungena kalula ngaphakathi kwama-granules wesitashi, okwenza isitashi sibe lula ukuvuvukala futhi senze i-galatinize, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa kwe-gelatinization lesitashi liyehla.Njengoba izinga lokufaka esikhundleni senyuka, izinga lokushisa le-gelatinization le-hydroxypropyllll starch liyancipha, bese ekugcineni lingagxuma emanzini abandayo.Ngemuva kwe-hydroxypropylication, ukugeleza, ukuqina okuphansi kokushisa, ukucaca okusobala, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukusebenzisana kanye nezakhiwo ezenziwe ngefilimu ze-starch pastes zathuthukiswa [233-235].
(3) Ukuzinza kwe-HPS
I-HPS iyi-ether yesitashi esingewona i-ionic ngokuqina okuphezulu.Ngesikhathi sokuphendula amakhemikhali njenge-hydrolysis, i-oxidation, kanye nokuxhumanisa okunqamula, isibopho se-ether ngeke siphuke futhi okufakiwe ngeke kuwele.Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ze-HPS zithinteka kakhulu ngama-electrolyte kanye no-pH, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingasetshenziswa enanini le-acid-base ph [236-238].
1.2.3.4 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-HPS emkhakheni wokudla nomuthi
I-HPS ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinambitheki, inokusebenza kahle kokugaya kanye ne-viscosity ye-hydrolyzate ephansi.Kuqashelwa njengesitashi esiguquliwe esiphephile esidliwayo ekhaya naphesheya.Ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, i-United States yagunyaza isitashi se-hydroxypropyl ukuze sisetshenziswe ngokuqondile ekudleni [223, 229, 238].I-HPS isitashi esiguquliwe esisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokudla, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ejiyayo, i-ejenti emiswayo kanye nesiqinisi.
Ingasetshenziswa ekudleni okulula nokudla okubandayo okufana neziphuzo, u-ayisikhilimu, kanye namajamu;kungangena esikhundleni sezinsini ezinobumba eziphakeme njenge-gelatin;Kungenziwa amafilimu adliwayo futhi asetshenziswe njengezimbobo zokudla nokupakisha [229, 236].
I-HPS ivame ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni wezokwelapha njengoba ama-filler, ama-beinders ezitshalweni zokwelapha, ama-anti ezilimo zamathebulethi, izigqoko zezidakamizwa, ama-anti-coughsen agents ama-plasma amangqamuzana egazi, njll. [239] .
1.3 I-Polymer Compounding
Izinto ze-polymer zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izici zokuphila futhi ziyizinto ezibalulekile nezibalulekile.Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kwenza izidingo zabantu zihluke kakhulu, futhi kuvame ukuba nzima ngezinto zokwakha ze-polymer eyodwa ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zesicelo ezahlukahlukene zabantu.Ukuhlanganisa ama-polymers amabili noma ngaphezulu kuyindlela enomnotho kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokuthola izinto ezinama-polymer ngentengo ephansi, ukusebenza okuhle, ukucubungula okulula, okuhlanzwe ukunakwa okuningi kwabaphenyi futhi kubhekwe ngaphezulu [240-242] .
1.3.1 Inhloso nendlela ye-polymer complioning
Inhloso esemqoka ye-polymer compliounding: (l) ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo eziphelele zezinto zokwakha.Ama-polymers ahlukene ahlanganisiwe, ukuze i-compound yokugcina igcine izici ezinhle kakhulu ze-macromolecule eyodwa, ifunda emandleni womunye futhi igcwalise ubuthakathaka bayo, futhi yenza izakhiwo eziphelele zezinto ezibonakalayo ze-polymer.(2) Yehlisa izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo.Ezinye izinto ze-polymer zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa ziyabiza.Ngakho-ke, zingahlanganiswa namanye ama-polymers angabizi ukunciphisa izindleko ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusetshenziswa.(3) Thuthukisa izakhiwo ezisetshenziswayo.Ezinye izinto zokwakha zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu kepha kunzima ukucubungula, futhi ezinye ama-polymers afanelekile angangezwa ukuze athuthukise izakhiwo zawo zokucubungula.(4) Ukuqinisa impahla ethile yezinto.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwento esicini esithile, enye i-polymer isetshenziselwa ukuyiguqula.(5) ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi emisha yezinto zokwakha.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanganisa i-polymer: (l) Ukuncibilika kwamakhemikhali.Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokugunda kwemishini ehlanganisiwe, ama-polymers ahlukene afudunyezwa ngaphezulu kokushisa kwe-viscous flow okuhlanganisiwe, bese apholile futhi ahlehliswe ngemuva kokuhlanganisa.(2) Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo.Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zivuswa futhi zihlanganiswe ngokusebenzisa i-solvent ejwayelekile, noma izixazululo ezihlukene ze-polymer zishukunyiswa ngokulinganayo, bese i-solvent isuswa ukuthola i-polymer compound.(3) I-Emulsion ihlanganisa.Ngemuva kokuvusa nokuxubanisa ama-polymer emulsions ahlukile wohlobo olufanayo lwe-emulsifier, i-coagulant yengezwa ekuhlanganiseni i-polymer ukuthola i-polymer compand.(4) I-Copolymerization kanye nokuhlanganisa.Kubandakanya i-Frand Copolymerization, block Copolymerization kanye ne-Copolymerization esebenzayo, inqubo ehlanganisiwe ihambisana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali.(5) Inethiwekhi ye-Interpenetting [10].
1.3.2 Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-polysaccharides wemvelo
I-Natural Polysaccharides iyisigaba esivamile sezinto ze-polymer emvelweni, ezivame ukuguqulwa ngamakhemikhali futhi zibonisa izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezinhle kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, izinto zokwenziwa ze-polysaccharide zivame ukuba nemikhawulo ethile yokusebenza, ngakho-ke ama-polysaccharides ahlukene avame ukuhlanganiswa ukuze afinyelele inhloso yokuhambisana nezinzuzo zokusebenza kwengxenye ngayinye nokwandisa isilinganiso sohlelo lokusebenza.Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, ucwaningo lokuhlanganisa ama-polysaccharides emvelo ahlukene lukhule kakhulu [243].Ucwaningo ngohlelo lwenhlanganisela ye-polysaccharide yemvelo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi lugxile ohlelweni lwenhlanganisela ye-curdlan ne-non-curdlan kanye nohlelo lwenhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezimbili ze-polysaccharide engeyona i-curd.
1.3.2.1 Ukuhlelwa kwama-hydrogel emvelo e-polysaccharide
Ama-polysaccharides emvelo angahlukaniswa abe yi-curdlan kanye ne-non-curdlan ngokusho kwamandla abo okwenza ama-gel.Amanye ama-polysaccharides angakha ama-gel ngokwawo, ngakho abizwa ngokuthi i-curdlan, njenge-carrageenan, njll.;abanye abanazo izakhiwo ze-gelling ngokwabo, futhi babizwa nge-non-curd polysaccharides, njenge-xanthan gum.
Ama-Hydrogels angatholakala ngokuhlukanisa i-curdlan yemvelo kwikhambi elinamanzi.Kususelwa ekuphinisweni kwejeli eliphumela nokuncika kokushisa kwe-modulus yalo, kungahlukaniswa ezinhlotsheni ezine ezihlukile [24]:
(1) I-Cryogel, isisombululo se-polysaccharide singathola ijeli kuphela ekushiseni okuphansi, njenge-carrageenan.
(2) Ijeli eyenziwe ngokushisa, isixazululo se-polysaccharide singathola kuphela ijeli ekushiseni okuphezulu, njengeglucomannan.
.
(4) Isixazululo singathola ijeli kuphela ekushiseni okuthile phakathi nendawo.I-curdlan yemvelo ehlukile inokugxila kwayo okubalulekile (okuncane), okungaphezu kwalokho ijeli engatholakala.Ukuhlushwa okubalulekile kwejeli kuhlobene nobude obuqhubekayo beketanga le-polysaccharide yamangqamuzana;Amandla we-gel athintwa kakhulu yisisindo sokuhlushwa kanye nesixazululo se-molecular yesisombululo, futhi ngokuvamile, amandla wejeli ayanda njengoba okuhlushwa kukhuphuka [245].
1.3.2.2 Uhlelo oluyinhlanganisela lwe-curdlan ne-non-curdlan
Ukuhlanganisa okungekhona oku-curdlan nge-curdlan ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa amandla we-gel ama-polysaccharides [246].Ukuhlanganiswa kweKonjac Gum neCarrageenan kuthuthukisa ukuqina kanye nokuqina kwe-gel yesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-composite ye-gel, futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla alo we-gel.Wei Yu et al.i-carrageenan ehlanganisiwe ne-konjac gum, futhi yaxoxa ngesakhiwo sejeli ngemva kokuhlanganiswa.Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-carrageenan ne-konjac gum, umphumela we-synergistic wakhiqizwa, futhi isakhiwo senethiwekhi esilawulwa yi-carrageenan sakhiwa, i-konjac gum ihlakazeka kuyo, futhi inethiwekhi yayo yejeli iminyene kunaleyo ye-carrageenan ehlanzekile [247].Kohyama et al.wafunda uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-carrageenan/konjac gum, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ngokwanda okuqhubekayo kwesisindo samangqamuzana e-konjac gum, ukucindezeleka kokuphuka kwejeli eyinhlanganisela kwaqhubeka kwanda;I-konjac gum enezisindo zamangqamuzana ezihlukene ibonise ukwakheka kwejeli okufanayo.izinga lokushisa.Kulolu hlelo lwe-compound, ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi ye-gel kwenziwa yi-carrageenan, futhi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-molecule amabili e-curdlan kubangela ukwakheka kwezifunda ezibuthakathaka ezixhumene nesiphambano [248].Nishinari et al.wafunda uhlelo lwenhlanganisela ye-gellan gum/konjac gum, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi umphumela wama-cations we-monovalent kujeli ehlanganisiwe wawugqame kakhulu.Ingakhuphula i-modulus yesistimu kanye nezinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwejeli.Ama-Divalent cations angakhuthaza ukwakheka kwama-gel ahlanganisiwe ngezinga elithile, kodwa amanani amaningi kakhulu azobangela ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba futhi anciphise i-modulus yesistimu [246].Breneer et al.itadishe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-carrageenan, ushingamu wezinkumbi kanye neshingamu ye-konjac, yaphinde yathola ukuthi i-carrageenan, ushingamu wezinkumbi kanye ne-konjac gum ingakhiqiza imiphumela ehambisanayo, futhi isilinganiso esiphezulu yintshungama yesikhonyane/i-carrageenan 1:5.5, i-konjac gum/carrageenan 1:7 , futhi lapho okuthathu kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, umphumela we-synergistic uyafana nalowo we-carrageenan/konjac gum, okubonisa ukuthi akukho ukuhlanganisa okukhethekile kokuthathu.Ukuxhumana [249].
1.3.2.2 Amasistimu wekhompiyutha amabili angewona ama-curdlan
Ama-polysaccharide amabili emvelo angenazo izakhiwo zejeli angabonisa izakhiwo zejeli ngokuhlanganisa, okuholela emikhiqizweni yejeli [250].Ukuhlanganisa ushingamu wezinkumbi ne-xanthan gum kukhiqiza umphumela we-synergistic owenza ukwakheka kwama-gel amasha [251].Umkhiqizo omusha wejeli nawo ungatholakala ngokungeza i-xanthan gum ku-konjac glucomannan ukuze kuhlanganiswe [252].U-Wei Yanxia et al.wafunda izakhiwo ze-rheological zenkimbinkimbi yentshungamu yesikhonyane kanye ne-xanthan gum.Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi inhlanganisela kabhontshisi wesikhonyane kanye ne-xanthan gum ikhiqiza umphumela we-synergistic.Lapho isilinganiso sevolumu esiyinhlanganisela siyi-4: 6, umphumela onamandla kakhulu we-synergistic [253].Fitzsimons et al.i-konjac glucomannan ehlanganisiwe ne-xanthan gum ekamelweni lokushisa nangaphansi kokushisisa.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi zonke izinhlanganisela zibonise izakhiwo zejeli, ezibonisa umphumela we-synergistic phakathi kokubili.Izinga lokushisa elihlanganisiwe kanye nesimo sesakhiwo seXanthan Gum asikuthintanga ukuxhumana phakathi kwababili [254].UGuo Shoujun nabanye bafunda ukuxubana kwasekuqaleni kwengulube ubhontshisi gum kanye ne-xanthan gum, futhi imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ingulube i-Feces ubhontshisi kanye ne-Xanthan Gum banomphumela oqinile we-synersistic.Isilinganiso esiphezulu esilinganiselwe se-Pig Feces Bean Gum kanye ne-Xanthan Gum anama-adhesive angama-6/4 (W / W).Kuyizikhathi eziyi-102 zekhambi elilodwa le-soybean gum, futhi kwakhiwa ijeli lapho ukugcwala kwe-gum eyinkimbinkimbi kufinyelela ku-0.4%.Ukunamathelisa okuhlanganisiwe kunokuqonda okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle kanye nezinto ezimbobo, futhi kungukudla okuhle kakhulu [255].
1.3.3 Ukuhambisana kwezinhlanganisela ze-polymer
Ukuhambisana, ngokombono we-thermodynamic, kubhekisela ekufinyeleleni ukuhambisana kweleveli yamangqamuzana, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukunyibilika kwe-mutual.Ngokusho kwe-Flory-Huggins Model theory, ukuguqulwa kwamandla kwamahhala kwesistimu ye-polymer compound ngesikhathi senqubo ehlanganisiwe kuvumelana nefomula yamahhala yamahhala ye-GIBBS:
△���=△���-T△ s (1-1)
Phakathi Kwazo, △���amandla amahhala ayinkimbinkimbi, △���Ukushisa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi;izinga lokushisa eliphelele;uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi luwuhlelo oluhambisanayo kuphela lapho amandla amahhala eshintsha △���Ngesikhathi senqubo eyinkimbinkimbi [256].
Umqondo wokungahlangani uvela eqinisweni lokuthi ambalwa kakhulu amasistimu angafinyelela ukuhambisana kwe-thermodynamic.I-Miscibility isho ikhono lezingxenye ezihlukene ukwenza ama-homogeneous complexes, futhi umbandela ovame ukusetshenziswa ukuthi ama-complexes abonisa indawo yokushintsha yengilazi eyodwa.
Okuhlukile ekulinganisweni kwe-thermodynac, ukuhambisana okujwayelekile kubhekisele emandleni engxenye ngayinye ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe ukuze kuhlalwene, okuhlongozwayo kusuka endaweni ebonakalayo [257].
Ngokusekelwe ekuvumelaneni okujwayelekile, amasistimu ahlanganisiwe we-polymer angahlukaniswa ngezinhlelo ezihambelana ngokuphelele, ezihambisanayo futhi ahambisanayo futhi angahambelani ngokuphelele.Uhlelo oluhambisana ngokugcwele lusho ukuthi inhlanganisela i-thermodynamically miscible ezingeni lamangqamuzana;isistimu ehambisana kancane isho ukuthi inhlanganisela iyahambisana ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa elithile noma ububanzi bokubunjwa;uhlelo olungahambelani ngokuphelele lusho ukuthi inhlanganisela iwukuxubeka kwezinga le-Molecular ayikwazi ukufezwa kunoma ikuphi izinga lokushisa noma ukwakheka.
Ngenxa yokwehlukana okuthile kwesakhiwo kanye ne-entropy evumelana phakathi kwama-polymers ahlukene, iningi lezinhlelo ze-polymer eziyinkimbinkimbi zihambisana ngokwengxenye noma eziyi-11, 12].Kuya ngesigaba sokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba sohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kanye nezinga lokuxuba, ukuhambisana kohlelo oluhambisanayo futhi luzohlukahluka kakhulu [11].Izakhiwo ze-macroscopic zama-polymer composites zihlobene kakhulu ne-microscopic morphology yazo yangaphakathi kanye nezindawo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zengxenye ngayinye.240], ngakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda i-microscopic morphology kanye nokuhambisana kwesistimu eyinhlanganisela.
Izindlela Zokucwaninga Nezinhlamvu Zokuhambisana Kwezingxube zikaBinary:
(1) Ukushisa kwe-Glass Transition T���indlela yokuqhathanisa.Ukulinganisa i-T���kwenhlanganisela ye-T���zezakhi zayo, uma munye kuphela t���ivela ku-compound, uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luyisistimu ehambisanayo;uma kukhona T���, futhi ababili T���izikhundla zekhompiyutha zisemaqenjini amabili Phakathi kwamaphuzu T���ibonisa ukuthi isistimu ehlanganisiwe iyisistimu ehambisana kancane;Uma kukhona ezimbili t���, futhi zitholakala ezikhundleni zezakhi ezimbili t���, kubonisa ukuthi uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luwuhlelo olungahambisani.
T���Izinsimbi zokuhlola zivame ukusetshenziswa kwindlela yokuqhathanisa zingamandla we-thermomechanical analyzer (DMA) kanye ne-ehlukile yokuskena calorimeter (DSC).Le ndlela ingahlulela ngokushesha ukuhambisana kohlelo lokuhlanganiswa, kepha uma ku-t���kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili kuyafana, kukodwa t���izovela futhi ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, ngakho le ndlela ineziphambeko ezithile [10].
(2) Indlela yokubheka iMorphological.Okokuqala, gcina i-morphology ye-macroscopic yendawo.Uma i-Compact inokwehlukana kwesigaba okusobala, kungahlulelwa kakhulu ukuthi uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luwuhlelo olungahambisani.Okwesibili, i-microscopic morphology kanye nokwakheka kwesigaba kwesakhiwo kubhekwa yi-microscope.Izakhi ezimbili ezihambelana ngokuphelele zizokwakha isimo esihle.Ngakho-ke, i-Compound ngokuhambisana okuhle ingabheka ukusatshalaliswa kwesigaba esifanayo kanye nosayizi omncane we-Partime wahlakazeka.kanye ne-blurry interface.
Amathuluzi okuhlola avame ukusetshenziswa endleleni yokubuka i-topography i-optical microscope kanye ne-scanning electron microscope (SEM).Indlela yokubheka i-topography ingahle isetshenziswe njengendlela yokusiza ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokubonisa.
(3) indlela yokusobala.Ohlelweni oluhambisanayo oluhambisanayo, izakhi ezimbili zingahambelana ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lokushisa kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kuzokwenzeka ngale kwaleli banga.Enqubweni yoshintsho ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe kusuka ohlelweni olunobunzima ohlelweni lwesigaba ezimbili, ukudluliselwa kwalo okukhanyayo kuzoshintsha, ngakho-ke ukuhambisana kwawo kungafundwa ngokutadisha okusobala kwe-Compound.
Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kuphela njengendlela yokusiza, ngoba lapho izinkomba ze-refractive zama-polymers amabili zifana, i-compound etholwe ngokuhlanganisa ama-polymers amabili angahambelani nayo iyabonakala.
(4) Indlela Ye-Rheological.Kule ndlela, ukuguqulwa okungazelelwe kwemingcele ye-viscoelastic ye-compound isetshenziswa njengesibonakaliso sokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, isibonelo, ukuguqulwa okungazelelwe kwe-viscosity-temperature curve kusetshenziselwa ukumaka ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, nokuguqulwa okungazelelwe kokubonakalayo. Ijika le-shear stress-temperature lisetshenziswa njengesibonakaliso sokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba.Isistimu yokuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba ngemva kokuhlanganiswa inokuhambisana okuhle, futhi labo abanokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba abahambisani noma uhlelo oluhambisanayo ngokwengxenye [258].
(5) Indlela yejika likaHan.Ijika likaHan yi-LG���'((���) lg G”, uma ijika le-Han lesistimu yenhlanganisela ingenakho ukuncika kwezinga lokushisa, futhi ijika le-Han emazingeni okushisa ahlukene lakha ijika eliyinhloko, isistimu ehlanganisiwe iyahambisana;uma uhlelo oluyinhlanganisela luhambisana Ijika le-Han lincike kumazinga okushisa.Uma ijika le-Han lihlukanisiwe kwelinye emazingeni okushisa ahlukene futhi lingakwazi ukwakha ijika eliyinhloko, isistimu ehlanganisiwe ayihambisani noma ihambisana kancane.Ngakho-ke, ukuhambisana kwesistimu ye-compound kungahlulelwa ngokusho kokuhlukaniswa kwejika likaHan.
(6) Indlela yokuvuselela isixazululo.Le ndlela isebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwesixazululo se-visoluty yokubonisa ukuhambisana kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe.Ngaphansi kokugxila okuhlukile kwesisombululo, ukubonakala kwengxenye kuhlotshiswe ngokumelene nokwakheka.Uma kuwubudlelwano bomugqa, kusho ukuthi uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luhambisana ngokuphelele;uma kuwubudlelwano obungaqondile, kusho ukuthi uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luhambisana ngokwengxenye;uma kuyijika elimise okwe-S, khona-ke kukhombisa ukuthi uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe aluhambisani ngokuphelele [10].
(7) I-infrared spectroscopy.Ngemuva kokuthi ama-polymers amabili ahlanganisiwe, uma ukuhambisana kuhle, kuzoba nokusebenzisana okufana nama-hydrogen bond, kanye nezikhundla zeqembu lamaqembu ezinhlamvu kwi-infredrum yeqembu ngalinye zizoshintsha.Ukususwa kwamabhendi weqembu elicijile yenkimbinkimbi futhi ingxenye ngayinye ingahlulela ukuhambisana kohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhambisana kwama-complexes kungabuye kufundwe ngabahlaziyi be-thermogravimetric, i-X-ray diffraction, i-angle encane ye-X-ray scattering, ukusabalalisa ukukhanya, ukuhlakazeka kwe-neutron electron, i-nuclear magnetic resonance kanye namasu e-ultrasonic [10].
1.3.4 Inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/hydroxypropyl starch compounding
1.3.4.1 Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nezinye izinto
Izithako ze-HPMC nezinye izinto zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokukhishwa ezilawulwa izidakamizwa kanye nezinto zokupakisha zefilimu ezidliwayo noma ezonakele.Ekusetshenzisweni kokukhishwa okulawulwa izidakamizwa, ama-polymers avame ukuhlanganiswa ne-HPMC afaka ama-polymers okwenziwa anjenge-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), i-polycaprogil acid copolymer (PLGA) ne-polyrmaporactone (PCL) kanye namaprotheni, ama-polymers afana ne Ama-Polysaccharides.U-Abdel-Zaher et al.wafunda ukwakheka okuhlelekile, ukuqina okushisayo nobudlelwano bawo ngokusebenza kwama-HPMC / PVA Composites, futhi imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi kunokunye okuhle phambi kwama-polymers amabili [259].Zabihi et al.Kusetshenziswe i-HPMC / CLGA COCCOCCE ukulungiselela ukukhishwa kwe-microcapsapsapsores ngokukhishwa kwe-insulin okulawulwayo nokuqhubekayo kwe-insulin, okungafinyelela ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo esiswini nasethubeni 260].UJaved et al.I-hydrophilic hpmc ehlanganisiwe ne-hldrophobic tycl futhi yasebenzisa i-HPMC / PLS izakhiwo njengezinto zokwenziwa kwezidakamizwa zokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa nokudedelwa, okungakhishwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba womuntu ngokulungisa isilinganiso esikhona [261].Ding et al.wafunda izakhiwo ze-rheological ezifana ne-viscosity, i-viscoeliastity enamandla, futhi i-Thixotropy ye-HPMC / izakhiwo ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswa emkhakheni wokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa okulawulwayo, ukuhlinzeka ngokuholwa kwethiyori kwezicelo zezimboni [262].U-Arthanari, uCai noRai et al.[263-265] Izakhiwo ze-HPMC kanye nama-polysaccharides anjenge-chitosan, Xanthan gum, kanye ne-sodium alginate kwasetshenziswa kwinqubo yokugomela umuthi wokugoma kanye nokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa, futhi imiphumela ikhombise umphumela wokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa okulawulayo [263-265].
Ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zokupakisha zamafilimu ezidliwayo noma ezicekayo, ama-polymers ajwayele ukuhlanganiswa ne-HPMC ikakhulukazi ama-polymers afana nama-lipid, amaprotheni nama-polysaccharides.UKaraca, Fagundes kanye Neminyene - u-Oliva et al.Ama-membrane ahlelwe alungiselelwe anezinhlanganisela ezinezakhiwo ze-HPMC / ze-LIPID, futhi uzisebenzise lapho kugcinwa ama-plums, utamatisi we-cherry kanye ne-citrus, ngokulandelana.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ulwelwesi oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-HPMC/lipid lwalunomphumela omuhle we-antibacterial wokugcinwa okusha [266-268].I-Shetty, i-Burural, ne-Ding et al.U-Espeghlal et al.yakha i-HPMC ne-gelatin ukuze ilungiselele amafilimu adliwayo azosetshenziswa ezintweni zokupakisha ezisekelwe ku-bio [111].UPriya, Konaveti, Sakaavea kanye ne-Ortega-Toro et al.Ilungiselelwe i-HPMC / Chitosan HPMC / xyloglucan, i-HPMC / ethyl cellulose kanye namafilimu we-HPMC / Starch / Starch ady-composite, ngokulandelana, futhi ahlonze izakhiwo zawo zokushisa, i-MicrosCreature kanye nezakhiwo ze-antibacterial [139, 272-274].Inhlanganisela ye-HPMC/PLA ingasetshenziswa futhi njengempahla yokupakisha yezimpahla zokudla, imvamisa nge-extrusion [275].
Ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zokupakisha zamafilimu ezidliwayo noma ezicekayo, ama-polymers ajwayele ukuhlanganiswa ne-HPMC ikakhulukazi ama-polymers afana nama-lipid, amaprotheni nama-polysaccharides.UKaraca, Fagundes kanye Neminyene - u-Oliva et al.Ama-membrane ahlelwe alungiselelwe anezinhlanganisela ezinezakhiwo ze-HPMC / ze-LIPID, futhi uzisebenzise lapho kugcinwa ama-plums, utamatisi we-cherry kanye ne-citrus, ngokulandelana.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ulwelwesi oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-HPMC/lipid lwalunomphumela omuhle we-antibacterial wokugcinwa okusha [266-268].I-Shetty, i-Burural, ne-Ding et al.U-Espeghlal et al.yakha i-HPMC ne-gelatin ukuze ilungiselele amafilimu adliwayo azosetshenziswa ezintweni zokupakisha ezisekelwe ku-bio [111].UPriya, Konaveti, Sakaavea kanye ne-Ortega-Toro et al.Ilungiselelwe i-HPMC / Chitosan HPMC / xyloglucan, i-HPMC / ethyl cellulose kanye namafilimu we-HPMC / Starch / Starch ady-composite, ngokulandelana, futhi ahlonze izakhiwo zawo zokushisa, i-MicrosCreature kanye nezakhiwo ze-antibacterial [139, 272-274].Inhlanganisela ye-HPMC/PLA ingasetshenziswa futhi njengempahla yokupakisha yezimpahla zokudla, imvamisa nge-extrusion [275].
1.3.4.2 Ukuhlanganiswa kwesitashi nezinye izinto
Ucwaningo ngokuhlanganiswa kwesitashi nezinye izinto ekuqaleni lugxile ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ze-hydrophobic aliphatic polyester, kufaka phakathi i-polylactic acid (PLA), i-polycapropactone (PBL), njll. 276].Muller et al.wafunda isakhiwo nezakhiwo zezinhlanganisela zeStarch / Pla kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwalezi ezimbili, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwalaba bobabili kwakubuthakathaka futhi nezindawo zemishini zezinhlanganisela zazingampofu [277].UCorcrea, Komur noDiaz-Gomez et al.Ufunde izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo ze-Rheological, izakhiwo zejeli kanye nokuhambisana kwezingxenye ezimbili zeStarch / Pll izakhiwo, ezazisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ze-biodergadable, 278-280].Ohkika et al.ithole ukuthi ingxube ye-cornstarch ne-PBSA ithembisa kakhulu.Lapho okuqukethwe kwesitashi kungu-5-30%, okwandisa okuqukethwe kwama-starch granule kungakhuphula i-modulus futhi kunciphise ukucindezelwa okuthe xaxa kanye nokugcwala ngekhefu [281,282].I-Hydrophobic Aliphatic Polyester iyi-thermodymically is ihambisane ne-hydrophilic starch, futhi abakwa-compatipilic ahlukahlukene kanye nezithasiselo zivame ukungezwa ukuthuthukisa isikhombimsebenzisi sesigaba phakathi kwesitashi ne-polyester.Szadkowska, Ferri, noLi et al.Ufunde imiphumela yamafutha asuselwa eSilnol, i-anhydride kawoyela enamafutha e-anhydride, kanye nokuhlelwa kwamafutha wemifino ekwakhiweni nasezakhiweni zezinkanyezi / ze-pla izakhiwo, ngokulandelana [283-285].Ortega-toro, yu et al.Kusetshenziswe i-citric acid ne-diphylmethane diisocyate ukuhlanganisa i-Starch / PCL Compound kanye nesitashi / i-PBSA Compound, ngokulandelana, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezibonakalayo nokuqina [286, 287].
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwaqedwa ocwaningweni ngokwengeziwe ekuhlanganiseni kwesitashi ngama-polymers wemvelo afana namaprotheni, ama-polysaccharides nama-lipid.Teklehamanot, uSahin-Nadeen noZhang et al bafundza izakhiwo ze-starch / zein, starch / whey protein kanye nezakhiwo ze-starch / gelatin, futhi imiphumela ithole imiphumela emihle, i-capsule [52, 288, 289].U-Lozanno-Navarro, Talon noRen et al.wafunda ukudluliselwa kokukhanya, izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo ze-antibacterial kanye namafilimu e-chitosan amafilimu ahlanganisiwe wesitashi / ama-chitosan, ngokulandelana, futhi amanye ama-ejenti wemvelo, amanye ama-antibacterols namanye ama-antibacterial ama-antibacterial ukuthuthukisa umphumela we-antibacterial wefilimu eyinhlanganisela.Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi ifilimu ye-Starch / chitosan composite film inamandla amakhulu ekuphangethweni kokudla nomuthi ongu-290-292].Kaushik, Ghanbarzadeh, Arvanitoyannis, noZhang et al.wafunda izakhiwo zeStarch / Cellulose Nanocrystals, isitashi / i-carboxyboxylylcellellulose, isitashi / i-methylcellulose, kanye ne-starch / hydroxypropylcescellose amafilimu ahlanganisiwe, ngokulandelana, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphambili zokufaka [293-295].I-Dafe, uJumadinin neLascombes et al.wafunda izinhlanganisela ze-starch/food gum ezifana nesitashi/pectin, isitashi/i-agar kanye nesitashi/i-carrageenan, esetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokudla nokupakishwa kokudla [296-298].Izakhiwo ze-physicochemical of tapioca isitashi / uwoyela wommbila, isitashi / i-lipid complexes zafundwa nguPerez, De et al., Ngokuyinhloko ukuqondisa inqubo yokukhiqiza ukudla okukhishwe [299, 300].
1.3.4.3 Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kanye nesitashi
Njengamanje, azikho izifundo eziningi ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC kanye nesitashi ekhaya naphesheya, futhi iningi lazo lengeza inani elincane le-HPMC ku-matrix yesitashi ukuze kuthuthukiswe isimo sokuguga sesitashi.Jimenez et al.Kusetshenziswe i-HPMC ukunciphisa ukuguga kwesitashi sendabuko ukuthuthukisa ukuvumela kwe-Starch.Imiphumela iveze ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kunciphise ukumiswa kwesitashi futhi kwandise ukuguquguquka kolwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe.I-oksijini nto yokulwa nolwelwesi lwenhlanganisela yayikhuphuke kakhulu, kepha ukusebenza kwamanzi akunjalo.Kungakanani okushintshiwe [301].Villacres, basch et al.i-HPMC ehlanganisiwe ne-tapioca isitashi ukuze kulungiswe izinto zokupakisha zefilimu eziyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/isitashi, futhi yacwaninga umphumela we-glycerin we-plasticizing efilimu eyinhlanganisela kanye nemithelela ye-potassium sorbate ne-nisin ezintweni ezilwa namagciwane zefilimu eyinhlanganisela.Imiphumela Ibonisa ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, i-modulus enwebekayo namandla aqinile efilimu eyinhlanganisela ayakhula, ubude besikhathi sokuphumula buyehla, futhi ukuvuthwa komphunga wamanzi kunomphumela omncane;I-Potassium Sorbate noNisin bobabili bangathuthukisa ifilimu eliyinhlanganisela.Umphumela we-antibacterial wama-antibacterial ama-antibacterial ama-ejenti angcono lapho esetshenziswa ndawonye [112, 302].Ortega-toro et al.yafunda izici ze-HPMC/isitashi esiyinhlanganisela yolwelwesi olushisayo, futhi yafunda umphumela we-citric acid ezimpahleni zolwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela.Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi i-HPMC yahlakazeka esigabeni esiqhubekayo sesitashi, futhi zombili i-citric acid ne-HPMC yaba nomthelela ekugugeni kwesitashi.ngezinga elithile lokuvinjwa [139].I-Ayorinde et al.kusetshenziswe ifilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/starch ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-amlodipine yomlomo, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuhlakazeka kanye nezinga lokukhululwa kwefilimu eyinhlanganisela kwakukuhle kakhulu [303].
Zhao Ming et al.wafunda umthelela wesitashi emazingeni okugcinwa kwamanzi amafilimu we-HPMC, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi isitashi kanye ne-HPMC yayinomphumela othile wokuvumelanisa, okuholele ekukhuphukeni okuphelele kwezinga lokugcina amanzi [304].UZhang et al.wafunda izakhiwo zefilimu zenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS kanye nezici ze-rheological zesixazululo.Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Compound lunokuhambisana okuthile, ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kwe-membrane kuhle, futhi izakhiwo ze-HPS to HPMC zinomphumela omuhle wokulinganisa [30, 306] umphumela omuhle.Kunezifundo ezimbalwa ohlelweni lwe-HPMC / Starch Compound ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPMC, futhi iningi lazo liku-HOLOW Performation Research, futhi ucwaningo lwethiyori ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe luyancipha, ikakhulukazi ijeli elibandayo le-HPMC / HPS -Phase Composite Gel.Izifundo ze-Mechanic zisesimweni esingenalutho.
1.4 Rheology of Polymer izakhiwo
Enqubweni yokucubungula izinto ze-polymer, ukugeleza nokuguqulwa kuzokwenzeka nakanjani, futhi i-rheology isayensi ehlola ukugeleza kanye nemithetho yokuguqulwa kwezinto [307].Ukugeleza kuyimpahla yezinto eziwuketshezi, kuyilapho ukuguqulwa kuyimpahla yezinto eziqinile (crystalline).Ukuqhathaniswa okujwayelekile kokugeleza kwe-liquid kanye nokuguqulwa okuqinile kungokulandelayo:
Ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni ezisebenzayo zezinto ze-polymer, i-viscosity yazo kanye ne-viscoelasticity inquma ukusebenza kwazo kokucubungula.Enqubweni yokucubungula nokubumba, ngokushintshwa kwezinga le-shear, i-viscosity yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-polymer ingaba nobukhulu obukhulu bama-oda amaningana ngobukhulu.Shintsha [308].Izakhiwo ze-Rheological ezinjengokubona kanye nokuncipha kancane zithinta ngokuqondile ukulawulwa kokupompa, ukuphenya, ukuhlakazeka kanye nokufafaza ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwezinto ze-polymer, futhi yizici ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinto ezibonakalayo ze-polymer.
1.4.1 I-ViscoeLasticity of Polymers
Ngaphansi kwamandla angaphandle, i-polymer ketshezi ayikwazi ukugeleza kuphela, kepha futhi ikhombisa ukuguquguquka, ikhombisa uhlobo lokusebenza "lwe-viscoelacistity", futhi umnyombo we- "spercoeliastity", futhi umnyombo wayo wesibili "[309].Kodwa-ke, leli mbono le-viscoeliasticity alikho umugqa we-viscoeliastity ngezimo ezimbalwa, kepha ubuhlakani be-nonlinear obukhona lapho impahla ikhombisa ukukhubazeka okukhulu nokucindezelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside [310].
Isixazululo samanzi se-polysaccharide semvelo sibizwa nangokuthi i-hydrosol.Kusixazululo se-dilute, ama-macromolecules e-polysaccharide asesimweni samakhoyili ahlukanisiwe.Lapho ukugxila kukhuphukela enanini elithile, amakhoyili e-macromolecular angena ngaphakathi futhi adlulele komunye nomunye.Inani libizwa ngokuthi ukugxila okubalulekile [311].Ngezansi kokuhlushwa okubucayi, ukubonakala kwesixazululo kuphansi kakhulu, futhi akunakuthintwa yizinga le-shear, kukhombisa indlela yokuziphatha ka-Newtonian fluid;Lapho kufinyelelwa okubucayi, ama-macromolecule athi ekuqaleni ahamba ngokwawodwa aqala ukufakwa komunye nomunye, futhi ukubonakala kwesixazululo kukhuphuka kakhulu.ukukhuphuka [312];Ngenkathi ukugxila kudlula okuhlushwa okubucayi, ukuncipha kwe-shear kuyabonakala kanti isixazululo sikhombisa ukungahambi kahle kwe-non-Newtonian fluid [24].
Amanye ama-hydrosols angakha ama-gels ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile, futhi izakhiwo zabo ze-viscoelastic zivame ukubonwa ngokugcina i-modulus g ', lahla modulus g "nokuncika kwawo imvamisa.I-modulus yokugcina ihambisana nokunwebeka kwesistimu, kuyilapho i-modulus yokulahlekelwa ihambisana ne-viscosity yesistimu [311].Ngezixazululo ze-Dilite, akukho okufakiwe phakathi kwama-molecule, ngaphezulu kwamafrikhwensi ahlukahlukene, g 'mancane kakhulu kuno-G ", futhi akhombise ukuncika imvamisa okunamandla.Njengoba i-G′ kanye no-G″ ilingana nemvamisa ethi ω kanye ne-quadratic yayo, ngokulandelana, lapho imvamisa iphakeme, G′ > G″.Uma ukugxila kuphezulu kunokugxilisa okubalulekile, i-G′ kanye no-G″ kusenokuncika kwemvamisa.Lapho imvamisa iphansi, g '
Iphuzu elibalulekile lapho i-polysaccharide hydrosol yemvelo ishintsha khona ibe ijeli ibizwa ngokuthi i-gel point.Kunezincazelo eziningi ze-gel point, futhi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu incazelo ye-viscoelasticity eguquguqukayo ku-rheology.Uma imodulus G′ yohlelo ilingana nemodulus yokulahlekelwa G″, iyiphoyinti lejeli, kanye noG′ > G″ Ukwakheka kweGel [312, 313].
Amanye ama-molecule e-polysaccharide wemvelo akha izinhlangano ezibuthakathaka, futhi isakhiwo sazo se-gel sibhujiswa kalula, futhi i-G 'ikhudlwana kancane kune-G ", ikhombisa ukuncika kokuvama okuphansi;Ngenkathi amanye ama-molecule e-polysaccharide yemvelo angakha izifunda ezizinzile ezihlobana eziqinile, isakhiwo sejeli esinamandla, i-G 'sikhulu kakhulu kuno-G ", futhi asinakho ukuthembela imvamisa [311].
1.4.2 Ukuziphatha kwesibeletho kwezakhiwo ze-polymer
Ukuze uthole uhlelo oluhambisanayo lwe-polymer compound, i-Compound uhlelo olunobuhlakani, futhi i-viscoeliasticity yayo ngokuvamile iyisamba sezakhiwo ze-polymer eyodwa, futhi i-viscoeliasticity yayo ingachazwa yimithetho elula yama-empirical [314].Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi isistimu ye-homogeneous ayihambisani nokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zayo zemishini.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezakhiwo ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba zisebenza kahle kakhulu [315].
Ukuhambisana kohlelo oluhambisanayo ngokwengxenye kuzothintwa yizici ezifana nesilinganiso se-System Compound, izinga lokushisa kanye nesakhiwo sezakhi, okukhombisa ukuhambisana noma ukuguqulwa kokuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba akunakugwenywa.Kuholela ezinguquko ezibalulekile e-viscoeliasticity yohlelo [316, 317].Eminyakeni yamuva, kube nezifundo eziningi ngokuziphatha okuhle kwe-polymer eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlelo ezihambisanayo.Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-rheological kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe endaweni yokuhambisana kuveza izici zohlelo olunobunzima.Endaweni yokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, indlela yokuziphatha kwe-Rheological ihluke ngokuphelele endaweni enobunzima futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ukuqonda izakhiwo ze-rheological zesistimu yokuhlanganisa ngaphansi kokugxila okuhlukene, izilinganiso ezihlanganisiwe, amazinga e-shear, amazinga okushisa, njll. kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhethweni okulungile kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, ukuklama okunengqondo kwamafomula, ukulawula okuqinile kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa okufanele. ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.[309].Isibonelo, ngezinto ezizwela ukushisa, i-viscosity yezinto ezibonakalayo ingashintshwa ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa.Futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kokucubungula;Qondisisa indawo yokuncipha kwe-shear yezinto ezibonakalayo, khetha izinga elifanelekile le-shear ukulawula ukusebenza kokwenza okuqukethwe, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
1.4.3 Izici ezithinta izici ze-rheological zenhlanganisela
1.4.3.1 Ukwakheka
Izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali kanye nokwakheka kwangaphakathi kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe zibonisa okuphelele kweminikelo ehlanganisiwe yezakhiwo zengxenye ngayinye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto.Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali zengxenye ngayinye ngokwayo zinendima enqumayo ohlelweni lwenhlanganisela.Izinga lokuvumelana phakathi kwama-polymers ahlukene liyahlukahluka, ezinye zihambisana kakhulu, kanti ezinye zicishe zihambisane ngokuphelele.
1.4.3.2 isilinganiso sohlelo lwe-compound
I-viscoelasticity kanye ne-mechanical properties ye-polymer compound system izoshintsha kakhulu ngokushintsha kwe-compound ratio.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isilinganiso esiyinhlanganisela sinquma umnikelo wengxenye ngayinye ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe, futhi sithinta ingxenye ngayinye.ukusebenzisana kanye nokusabalalisa kwesigaba.U-Xie Yajie et al.I-Chitosan / hydroxypropyll celtuleUZhang Yayuan et al.wafunda inkimbinkimbi ye-xanthan gum kanye nesitashi sommbila futhi wathola ukuthi lapho isilinganiso seXanthan Gum sasingu-10%, i-confective coueffrents, i-confective couefflect, ukucindezela kwengcindezelo kanye ne-fluid inkomba yohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi inyuke kakhulu.Ngokusobala [319].
1.4.3.3 Izinga le-Shear
Iningi lama-polymer uketshezi yi-pseudoplastic fluids, engahambisani nomthetho kaNewton wokugeleza.Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi i-viscosity empeleni ayishintshiwe ngaphansi kwe-shear ephansi, futhi i-visa iyehla kakhulu ngokwanda kwezinga le-shear [308, 320].Ijika lokugeleza likaketshezi we-polymer lihlukaniswe izifunda ezintathu: indawo ephansi ye-shear newtonian esifundeni saseNewtonian kanye nesifunda esiphakeme sokuqina.Uma izinga lokugunda liba uziro, ukucindezelwa nobunzima buba kumugqa, futhi indlela yokugeleza koketshezi iyafana noketshezi lwe-Newtonian.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-viscosity ijwayele inani elithile, elibizwa ngokuthi i-zero-shear viscosity η0.U-η0 ubonisa isikhathi esiphezulu sokuphumula sento futhi iyipharamitha ebalulekile yezinto ze-polymer, ehlobene nesilinganiso sesisindo sengqamuzana se-polymer namandla okuqalisa okugeleza kwe-viscous.Endaweni yokunciphisa i-shear, i-viscosity iyancipha kancane kancane ngokunyuka kwezinga le-shear, futhi kwenzeka "i-shear thinning".Le ndawo iyindawo yokugeleza ejwayelekile ekucutshungulweni kwezinto ze-polymer.Esifundeni esiphakeme sokuqina, njengoba izinga le-shear liyaqhubeka nokwanda, i-viscusity ivame ukukala okunye okuqhubekayo, ukuhlakanipha okungenamkhawulo kwe-shear ∞∞, kepha lesi sifunda kuvame ukuba nzima ukufinyelela.
1.4.3.4 izinga lokushisa
Izinga lokushisa lithinta ngqo ukuqina kokuhamba okungahleliwe okushisayo kwama-molecule, okungathinta kakhulu ukuxhumana kwe-intermolecular njengokungafani, ukuqondiswa kwe-moleculat chain, kanye nokubanjwa.Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwezinto zokwakha ama-polymer, ukunyakaza kwamaketanga amamolekyuli kwenziwa ezigabeni;Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ivolumu yamahhala iyanda, futhi ukumelana nokugeleza kwezigaba kuyancipha, ngakho-ke i-visa iyancipha.Kodwa-ke, ngamanye ama-polymers, njengoba izinga lokushisa lenyuka, ukuzihlanganisa ne-hydrophobic kwenzeka phakathi kwamaketanga, ngakho-ke i-visa inyuka esikhundleni salokho.
Ama-polmers ahlukahlukene anamazinga ahlukene wokuzwela izinga lokushisa, futhi i-polymer ephezulu efanayo inemiphumela ehlukile ekusebenzeni komshini wayo wokushisa.
1.5 Ucwaningo lucwaningo, injongo yocwaningo kanye nokuqukethwe kocwaningo ngalesi sihloko
1.5.1 Ukubaluleka kocwaningo
Yize i-HPMC iyinto ephephile futhi edliwayo esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokudla nomuthi, inefilimu enhle, ehlakazayo, ukuqina, ukuqina kanye nokuzinza izakhiwo.Ifilimu le-HPMC libuye libe sobala okuhle, izithiyo zamafutha, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.Kodwa-ke, inani layo eliphakeme (cishe ama-100,000 / TONT) likhawulela uhlelo lwayo olubanzi, ngisho nasezisetshenzisweni zezemithi eziphakeme ezifana nama-caplule.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HPMC iyijeli elenziwa ngokushisa okushisayo, elikhona esimweni sesixazululo esine-viscosity ephansi ekushiseni okuphansi, futhi lingakha ijeli eliqinile le-viscous ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke izinqubo zokucubungula ezifana nokumboza, ukufutha kanye nokucwilisa kumele Ithwalwe. Ngaphandle kokushisa okuphezulu, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza.Izakhiwo ezinjengokubonakala okuphansi kanye namandla we-gel we-HPMC kumazinga okushisa aphansi anciphisa ukucubungula kwe-HPMC kwizicelo eziningi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-HPS iyi-eshibhile (cishe i-20,000 / ton) impahla edliwayo esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokudla nomuthi.Isizathu esenza i-HPMC ibize kangaka ukuthi i-cellulose yempahla eluhlaza esetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-HPMC ibiza kakhulu kunesitashi sempahla eluhlaza esisetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-HPS.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HPMC ixhunyelelwa ngokufaka esikhundleni sababili, i-hydroxypropyl kanye ne-methoxy.Ngenxa yalokhu, inqubo yokulungiselela iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke intengo ye-HPMC iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo ye-HPS.Le phrojekthi ithemba ukushintsha amanye ama-HPMC abizayo nge-HPS yamanani aphansi, futhi yehlise intengo yomkhiqizo ngesisekelo sokugcina imisebenzi efanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HPS iyijeli ebandayo, ekhona esimweni sejeli se-viscoelastic ekushiseni okuphansi futhi yakha isisombululo esigelezayo ekushiseni okuphezulu.Ngakho-ke, ukwengeza i-HPS ku-HPMC kunganciphisa izinga lokushisa lejeli le-HPMC futhi kwandise i-viscosity yayo ekushiseni okuphansi.namandla ejeli, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwawo emazingeni okushisa aphansi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu edliwayo ye-HPS inezinto ezinhle zokuvimbela umoya-mpilo, ngakho ukwengeza i-HPS ku-HPMC kungathuthukisa izici zokuvimbela umoya-mpilo wefilimu edliwayo.
Ngamafuphi, inhlanganisela ye-HPMC ne-HPS: Okokuqala, inokubaluleka okubalulekile kwethiyori.I-HPMC iyi-gel eshisayo, futhi i-HPS yijeli ebandayo.Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinto ezimbili, kunethiyori iphuzu lokushintsha phakathi kwamajeli ashisayo nabandayo.Ukusungulwa kwe-HPMC / HPS ebandayo kanye ne-hot gel compact compound kanye nohlelo lwayo lokucwaninga lunganikeza indlela entsha yocwaningo lolu hlobo lokubuyiselwa emuva kwesigaba se-gel-esigabeni se-gel-esigabeni se-gel, esisunguliwe.Okwesibili, kunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukise inzuzo yomkhiqizo.Ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-HPS ne-HPMC, izindleko zokukhiqiza zingancishiswa ngokuya ngezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqizwayo, futhi inzuzo yomkhiqizo ingathuthukiswa kakhulu.Okwesithathu, ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokucubungula futhi yandise uhlelo lokusebenza.Ukungezwa kwe-HPS kungakhuphula amandla okuhlushwa kanye nama-gel amandla e-HPMC ngamazinga aphansi, futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kwawo kokushisa kwamazinga okushisa aphansi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza komkhiqizo kungathuthukiswa.Ngokungeza i-HPS ukuze kulungiswe ifilimu eyinhlanganisela edliwayo ye-HPMC/HPS, izici zokuvimbela umoya-mpilo zefilimu edliwayo zingathuthukiswa.
Ukuhambisana kohlelo lwekhompiyutha ye-polymer kunganquma ngokuqondile i-morphology ye-microscopic kanye nezakhiwo eziphelele ze-compound, ikakhulukazi izakhiwo zemishini.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha ukuhambisana kohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Compound.Kokubili i-HPMC ne-HPS ama-polysaccharides angama-hydrophilic aneyunithi ye-glucose yesakhiwo efanayo futhi ashintshwa yiqembu elifanayo elisebenzayo i-hydroxypropyl, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuhambisana kwesistimu ehlanganisiwe ye-HPMC/HPS.Kodwa-ke, i-HPMC ijeli ebandayo futhi i-HPS ijeli eshisayo, futhi ukuziphatha kwejeli okuphambene kokubili kuholela esimweni sokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba sohlelo lwenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS.Kafushane, i-morphology yesigaba kanye noshintsho lwesigaba sesistimu yenhlanganisela yejeli ebandayo eshisayo ye-HPMC/HPS iyinkimbinkimbi impela, ngakho-ke ukuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kwalolu hlelo kuzothakazelisa kakhulu.
Isakhiwo se-morphological kanye nokuziphatha kwe-rheological kwama-polymer izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuhlangana.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuziphatha okunothando ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni kwe-morphological kohlelo;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuziphatha okunothando kohlelo kungakhombisa ngokunembile izinguquko ekwakhekeni kwe-morphological of the system.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha izakhiwo ze-rheological ze-HPMC/HPS uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lokuqondisa ukukhiqizwa, ukucubungula nokulawula ikhwalithi.
Izakhiwo ze-macroscopic ezifana nesakhiwo se-morphological, ukuhambisana kanye ne-rheology ye-HPMC/HPS ebandayo ne-hot gel compound system iyaguquguquka, futhi ithintwa uchungechunge lwezici ezifana nokugxila kwesisombululo, isilinganiso esihlanganisiwe, isilinganiso se-shear kanye nezinga lokushisa.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesakhiwo se-microscopic morphological kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic zesistimu eyinhlanganisela bungalawulwa ngokulawula ukwakheka kwe-morphological kanye nokuhambisana kwesistimu eyinhlanganisela.
1.5.2 Injongo Yocwaningo
I-HPMC/HPS i-HPMC/HPS ebandayo neshisa i-reversed-phase gel compound system yakhiwa, izakhiwo zayo ze-rheological zafundwa, futhi imiphumela yesakhiwo somzimba kanye namakhemikhali ezingxenyeni, isilinganiso sokuhlanganisa kanye nezimo zokucubungula ezindaweni ze-rheological zesistimu zahlolwa.Ifilimu eyinhlanganisela edliwayo ye-HPMC/HPS yalungiswa, futhi izakhiwo ze-macroscopic ezifana nezakhiwo zemishini, ukungena komoya kanye nezakhiwo zefilimu zahlolisiswa, futhi izici ezinethonya nemithetho kwahlolisiswa.Study ngokuhlelekile ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, ukuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kwe-HPMC / HPS ebandayo nohlelo lwe-gersed-esigabeni se-gersed-esigabeni se-gel-esigabeni, hlola ubudlelwano obuthonya kanye nezinqubo ze-microscopic morphological kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic.Isakhiwo se-morphological kanye nokuhambisana kwesistimu eyinhlanganisela kusetshenziswa ukulawula izakhiwo zezinto ezihlanganisiwe.
1.5.3 Okuqukethwe kocwaningo
Ukuze uzuze inhloso yokucwaninga elilindelekile, leli phepha lizokwenza lolu cwaningo olulandelayo:
. uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe.Ithonya kanye nomthetho wezakhiwo ze-Rheological ezinjenge-Thixotropy ne-Thixotropy ziyaphenywa, futhi inqubo yokwakhiwa kwejeli elibandayo nelishisayo lalihlolisiswa.
(2) Ifilimu eyinhlanganisela edliwayo ye-HPMC/HPS yalungiswa, futhi isibonakhulu se-electron yokuskena sasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlolwe umthelela wezakhiwo ezingokwemvelo zengxenye ngayinye kanye nesilinganiso sokwakheka ku-morphology ye-microscopic yefilimu eyinhlanganisela;umhloli wempahla oyimishini wasetshenziselwa ukutadisha izici ezingokwemvelo zengxenye ngayinye, ukwakheka kwefilimu eyinhlanganisela Ithonya lesilinganiso kanye nomswakama ohlobene nendawo ezungezile ezimpahleni zemishini zefilimu eyinhlanganisela;ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen yokuhambisa isilinganiso sokudlulisa kanye ne-UV-Vis Spectrophotometer ukutadisha imiphumela yezakhiwo ezingokwemvelo zezakhi kanye nezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe kwi-oxygen kanye nokuhanjiswa kwesigaba kwe-HPMC / HPS kubanda- I-hot inverse composite system yejeli yafundwa ngokuskena i-electron microscopy, ukuhlaziywa kwe-thermogravimetric kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-thermomechanical ashukumisayo.
.Ifilimu le-composite le-HPMC / HPS lalilungisiwe, futhi ithonya lesilinganiso sokuhlushwa kanye nesigaba sokusatshalaliswa kwesigaba kanye nokuguqulwa kwesigaba kwesampula kwafundwa yi-microscope ye-optical kanye ne-iodine ukudaya indlela;Umthetho wethonya wesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe nesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe kwizakhiwo zemishini kanye nezindawo zokuhambisa ezilula zamasampula kwasungulwa.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesakhiwo se-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ze-HPMC/HPS isistimu yenhlanganisela yejeli eshisayo eshisayo iye yaphenywa.
.Imiphumela ye-HPS Exgaletution degree, izinga lokushisa kanye nokushisa okubonakalayo kanye nezinye izakhiwo ze-rheological zohlelo lwe-Compound, kanye ne-gel transition point, ukuncika kwe-modulus frequency kanye neminye impahla yazo ifundiswe ngokusebenzisa i-rheometer.Ukusatshalaliswa kwesigaba okuncike ekushiseni nokushintshwa kwamasampula kwafundwa yi-Iodine Staining, kanye nendlela yokubuyisa inkunzi ye-HPMC / HPS-hot reversed gelsed
.Ifilimu le-composite le-HPMC / HPS lalilungisiwe, kanye nomphumela we-HPS Hydroxypropylll Pregree degree ekwakhiweni kwekristalu kanye nesakhiwo esincane sefilimu ye-Synchroron safundwa yi-Synchrotron Radiation encane-ray ukusakazeka ubuchwepheshe.Umthetho wethonya we-HPS Hydroxypropyll degree degree ngezigaba zemishini yoMefrane we-Composite wafundwa nguMhloli Wezezakhiwo Omishini;umthetho wethonya we-HPS substitution degree ekungeneni komoya-mpilo we-membrane eyinhlanganisela yafundwa umhloli we-oxygen permeability;i-HPS hydroxypropyl Ithonya ledigri yokushintshanisa iqembu ekuzinzeni okushisayo kwamafilimu ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS.
Isahluko 2 Ucwaningo lwe-Rheological lwesistimu ehlanganisiwe ye-HPMC/HPS
Amafilimu emvelo asuselwa ku-polymer angalungiswa ngendlela elula emanzi [321].Okokuqala, i-polymer iyachithwa noma ihlakazekile esigabeni se-liquid ukulungiselela ukumiswa okukodwa okudliwayo kwefilimu noma ngefilimu, bese kugxila ngokususa i-solvent.Lapha, ukuhlinza ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokomisa ezingeni lokushisa elithe ukukhuphuka kancane.Le nqubo ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amafilimu ahlelekile adliwayo, noma ukumboza umkhiqizo ngqo ngesisombululo esakha amafilimu ngokucwilisa, ukuxubha noma ukufafaza.Idizayini yokuhlelwa kwefilimu edliwayo idinga ukutholwa kwemininingwane enembile yomzimba ye-heahological yefilimu, okubaluleke kakhulu ngokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo yamafilimu okupakisha adliwayo kanye nama-322].
I-HPMC iyindlela yokunamathela eshisayo, eyakha ijeli ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi isesimweni sokudla okuphansi.Le mpahla yejeli eshisayo yenza i-viscosity yayo ekushiseni okuphansi ibe phansi kakhulu, engahambisani nezinqubo ezithile zokukhiqiza ezifana nokudipha, ukuxubha nokucwiliswa.ukusebenza, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okungekuhle emazingeni okushisa aphansi.Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-HPS yijeli ebandayo, isimo sejeli esibonakalayo emazingeni aphansi, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu.Isimo sesixazululo se-viscosity ephansi.Ngakho-ke, ngokuhlanganiswa kokubili, izakhiwo ze-rheological ze-HPMC ezifana ne-viscosity ekushiseni okuphansi zingalinganiswa ngezinga elithile.
Lesi sahluko sigxile emiphumeleni yokuhlushwa kwesixazululo, isilinganiso esibonisa izinga lokushisa ezitolo ezinjenge-zero-shear, i-Thixotropy yohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS ebandayo lwe-Gel Complen Compact.Umthetho wokwengeza usetshenziselwa ukudingida ngaphambilini ukuhambisana kwesistimu ehlanganisiwe.
2.2 Indlela yokuhlola
2.2.1 Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo esiyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS
Okokuqala unesisindo se-hpmc ne-hpmc esomile, bese uxuba ngokuya ngo-15% (W / W) izilinganiso nezinto ezihlukile ze-10: 0, 7: 3, 5: 5, 3: 7, 5: 5, 3: 7, 5: 5, 3: 7, 5: 5, 3: 7, 5: 5, 3: 7, 5: 5, 3, 5;Ngemuva kwalokho engeza ama-70 ° C emanzini, avuse ngokushesha imizuzu engama-30 ku-120 RPM / imizuzu ukuze usabalalise ngokugcwele i-HPMC;Ngemuva kwalokho shisa isixazululo ku-95 ° C, uvuse ngokushesha nge-1 h ngesivinini esifanayo ukuze uthole ngokuphelele i-HPS;i-gelatinization iqediwe Ngemva kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lesisombululo lancipha ngokushesha libe ngu-70 ° C, futhi i-HPMC yahlakazwa ngokugcwele ngokugqugquzela ngesivinini esincane se-80 rpm / min imizuzu engu-40.(Konke w / w kule ndatshana yilezi: isisindo somile sesampula / isisombululo sesampula).
2.2.2 Izakhiwo ze-Rheological zesistimu ehlanganisiwe ye-HPMC/HPS
2.2.2.1 Umgomo wokuhlaziya i-rheological
I-Rheometer ejikelezayo ifakwe nge-pair of up and down ama-parms ahambisanayo, futhi ukugeleza okulula kwe-shear kungabonakala ngokunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwama-clamps.I-Rheomemeter ingahlolwa kwimodi yesinyathelo, imodi yokugeleza kanye nemodi ye-Oscillation: Kumodi yesinyathelo, i-Rheomemeomemeter ingafaka ingcindezi yesikhashana kwisampula, okusetshenziselwa isikhathi esiningi sesampula.Ukuhlola nokuphendula kwe-viscoelastic njengokuphumula kwengcindezi, ukugcwala nokululama;Kwindlela yokugeleza, i-rheomememeomemeomemeomemente ingafaka ingcindezi eqondile kusampula, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvivinya ukuthembela kokubonakaliswa kwesampula ngesilinganiso se-shear kanye ne-thixotropy;Kumodi ye-Oscillation, i-Rheomememeomemeomeme yama-sinusoidal ukushintshana ngokushintshana kwengcindezi ye-oscillal, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukunqunywa kwesifunda se-viscoelastic eqondile, ukuhlolwa kokuqina okushisayo kanye nokushisa kwe-gelalotion yesampula.
2.2.2.2 Indlela yokuhlola imodi yokugeleza
Kwasetshenziswa ukuhlanganiswa kwepuleti elihambisanayo nobubanzi bama-40 mm, futhi izikhala zeplate zahlelwa ku-0,5 mm.
1. I-Viscosity ishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lalingu-25 °C, izinga lokugunda lalingu-800 s-1, futhi isikhathi sokuhlola sasingu-2500 s.
2. I-Viscosity iyahlukahluka ngezinga le-shear.Izinga lokushisa lokuhlola 25 ° C, isilinganiso sangaphambi kokushefa isilinganiso 800 S-1, isikhathi sangaphambi kokushenca i-1000 s;isilinganiso se-shear 10²-10³s.
Ukucindezelwa kwe-shear (τ ) nezinga lokugunda (γ) lilandela umthetho wamandla we-Ostwald-de Waele:
̇τ=K.γ n (2-1)
lapho kunesidingo sokuxineka, i-PA;
γ inani le-shear, S-1;
n inkomba ye-liquidity;
K i-viscosity coeffleefnt, pakan.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokubonakala (ŋ) yesixazululo se-polymer kanye nesilinganiso sokugunda (γ) singafakwa yi-carren modulus:
Phakathi kwazo,ŋ0I-Shear Viscosity, i-PA S;
ŋ∞i-viscosity engenamkhawulo, i-PA;
λ isikhathi sokuphumula, s;
n iyinkomba yokunciphisa i-shear;
3. Indlela Yesivivinyo Esithathu Sokuhlola iThixotropy.Izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lingu-25 ° C, a.Isigaba esimisiwe, izinga le-shear liyi-1 s-1, nesikhathi sokuhlola singama-50 s;b.Isigaba se-shear, isilinganiso se-shear siyi-1000 s-1, nesikhathi sokuhlola singama-20 s;c.Inqubo yokubuyiselwa kwesakhiwo, izinga le-Shear liyi-1 S-1, nesikhathi sokuhlola singama-250 s.
Enqubweni yokubuyiselwa kwesakhiwo, izinga lokutakula lesakhiwo ngemuva kwesikhathi esihlukile sokutakula livezwa ngesilinganiso sokutakula kwe-viscosity:
DSR = ŋT / ŋ╳100%
Phakathi kwazo,ŋt ukubonwa ngesikhathi sokutakula kabusha kwesakhiwo TS, PA S;
hŋi-viscosity ekugcineni kwesigaba sokuqala, i-PA s.
2.3 Imiphumela Nezingxoxo
2.3.1 Umphumela wesikhathi se-Shear kwizakhiwo zeRheological of the System
Ngezinga elijwayelekile le-shear, i-visaolwazi ebonakalayo ingakhombisa ukuthambekela okuhlukile ngokukhulisa ama-shear.Umdwebo 2-1 ukhombisa ijika elijwayelekile le-viscosity versus isikhathi kuhlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Compound.Kungabonakala esimweni sokuthi ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokugunda, intshiseko ebonakalayo inciphisa ngokuqhubekayo.Lapho isikhathi sokugunda sifinyelela cishe ama-500 s, i-viscosity ifinyelela esimweni esizinzile, esibonisa ukuthi ukubonakala kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe ngaphansi kokugunda okunejubane eliphezulu kunenani elithile.Ukuncika kwesikhathi, okungukuthi, i-Thixotropy iboniswa ngaphakathi kwebanga lesikhathi esithile.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ufunda umthetho wokuvuselela ukwahluka kwesistimu ye-compound ngesilinganiso se-shear, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwangempela okuqinile kwesimo sezulu, isikhathi esithile sokugunda okuthe xaxa okusheshayo siyadingeka ukuze ususe ithonya le-Thixotropy ohlelweni olububanzi .Ngakho-ke, umthetho wokuhlukahluka kwe-viscosity ngezinga le-shear njengoba kutholakala into eyodwa.Kulesi sivivinyo, ukubonakala kwazo zonke amasampula kufinyelelwe esimweni esiqinile ngaphambi kwe-1000 s ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-800 1 / s ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungahlelwanga lapha.Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kokuhlola okuzayo, ukufuthelana kwangaphambi kokugunda kwe-1000 s endaweni ephezulu ye-vear ka-800 1 / s kwamukelwa ukuze kuqedwe umphumela we-thixotropy yawo wonke amasampula awo wonke amasampula.
2.3.2 Umphumela Wokuhlushwa Kwezakhiwo Ze-Rheological of the System Compound
Ngokuvamile, ukubonwa kwezixazululo ze-polymer kukhuphuka ngokunyuka kwesixazululo.Umdwebo 2-2 ukhombisa umphumela wokuhlushwa kokuncika kwesilinganiso se-Shear kokubonakala kwe-HPMC / HPS.Kusukela esifanekisweni, singakubona lokho ngesilinganiso esifanayo se-shear, i-viscosity yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe inyuka kancane kancane ngokwanda kokuhlushwa kwesixazululo.I-Viscosity ye-HPMC / HPS compound solutions ngokugxila okuhlukile kwehle kancane kancane ngokwanda kwezinga le-shear, okubonisa ukuthi izixazululo ezibucayi ezinciphile, okuveze ukuthi izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ezinokugxila okuhlukile kwe-pseudoplastic fluids.Kodwa-ke, ukuncika kwezinga le-Shear of Viscosity kubonise umkhuba ohlukile ngokushintshwa kwesixazululo.Lapho ukuwohloka kwesixazululo kuphansi, into ethambile ye-shear ethambile yesixazululo esiyinhlanganisela incane;Ngokukhuphuka kokuhlushwa kwesixazululo, into ethambile ye-shear ethambile yesixazululo esiyinhlanganisela isobala ngokwengeziwe.
2.3.2.1 Umphumela Wokuhlushwa ku-Zero Shear Viscosity yohlelo lwe-Compound
I-Viscocity-Shear Rate Curves yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe ekugxilweni okuhlukile kwafakwa imodeli yeCarren, kanye ne-zero-shear viscosite yesisombululo sendawo ye-compact yangezelwa (0.9960 lapho k no m abakhona. Ku-logarithmic ephindwe kabili ukuxhumanisa, kuya ngobukhulu be-slope m, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuthembela ekuhluzelweni kwezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile.Ngokusho kwe-Dio-Edward theory, ekuhluthelweni okuphansi, ukuthambeka kuphakeme (m = 11.9, R2 = 0.9942), okungokwakhephikhapha.Ngenkathi ekuhlungelweni okuphezulu, ukuthambeka kuphansi kakhulu (m =,8, R2 = 0.9822), okungokwekhambi elihlanganisiwe.Ngakho-ke, ukugcotshwa okubucayi kwe-C * kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kungazimisela ukuba ngu-8% ngokuhlangana kwalezi zifunda ezimbili.Ngokusho kobudlelwano obujwayelekile phakathi kwezifundazwe ezahlukahlukene kanye nokugxila kwama-polymers kusixazululo, imodeli yombuso we-molecular of HPMC / HPS compound solution ngesixazululo esiphansi sokushisa iphakanyiswa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2-3. I-HPS yijeli ebandayo, yi-gel State ngamazinga okushisa aphansi, futhi kuyisimo sezixazululo ekushiseni okuphezulu.Ekushiseni kokuhlola (25 ° C), i-HPS yi-gel State, njengoba kukhonjisiwe endaweni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esithombeni;Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-HPMC iyi-gel eshisayo, ekuvikelweni kokuhlola, isesimweni sokulungiselela, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-molecule ebomvu. Kwikhambi le-Clute of C Ngokuhlushwa okwandayo, ibanga phakathi kwamaketanga ama-molecular nezifunda zesigaba kancane kwehla kancane kancane.Lapho okuhlushwa okubucayi kufinyelelwa, ama-molecule we-HPMC axhumana nesigaba se-HPS GEL kancane kancane, futhi amaketanga ama-hpmc amele aqala ukuxhumana, ekwakheni isigaba se-HPS njenge-GEL futhi uxhumene nomunye.Isimo se-microgel sikhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 2-2b. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kokugxila, C > C *, ibanga phakathi kwezigaba zejeli le-HPS liyancishiswa nakakhulu, futhi amaketanga e-polymer e-HPMC abanjwe kanye nesifunda sesigaba se-HPS siba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ukusebenzisana kunamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke isisombululo sibonisa ukuziphatha. efana naleyo yokuncibilika kwe-polymer, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 2-2c. 2.3.2.2 Umthelela wokugxilisa ingqondo ekuziphatheni koketshezi lwesistimu ehlanganisiwe Umthetho kagesi we-Ostwald-de K ingatholakala., umphumela ofanelekile unjengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 2-1. Ithebula 2-1 i-flow yokuphatha inkomba (n) kanye ne-fluid sugency Index (K) yekhambi le-HPS / HPMC elinokuhlushwa okuhlukahlukene ngo-25 ° C I-Flow Exponent yeNewtonian Fluid is n = 1, isibonisi sokugeleza se-pseudoplastic fluid yi-n <1, futhi phambili Kungabonakala kusuka kuThebula 2-1 amanani we-n izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe anokugxila okuhlukile konke kungaphansi kwe-1, okukhombisa ukuthi izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe zonke zingamanzi we-pseudoplastic.Ngokugxila okuphansi, inani le-N lesixazululo esivuthiwe lisondele ku-0, elibonisa ukuthi isixazululo sendawo esiphansi siseduze noketshezi lweNewtonia, ngoba ikhambi elihlanganisiwe lokuhlushwa, amaketanga we-polymer akhona ngokuzimela komunye nomunye.Ngokukhuphuka kokuhlushwa kwesixazululo, inani le-N le-Compound System lehlile kancane kancane, okuveze ukuthi ukwanda kokuhlaziswa okuthuthukile kwesixazululo se-pseudoplastic sesisombululo sendawo.Ukusebenzisana okufana nokuheha okwenzekile phakathi nangesigaba se-HPS, kanye nokuziphatha kwawo kokugeleza kwasondelana nalokho kwe-polymer kuncibilika. Ekuhlushwa okuphansi, i-viscosity coeffienty k yohlelo oluncane incane (C <8%, k <1 payan), futhi ngokunyuka kokuhlushwa, inani le-K le-Compound System liyakhuphuka kancane kancane, libonisa ukuthi ukubonwa kwe Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwehle, oluhambisana nokuncika kokuhlushwa kwe-zero shear viscosity. 2.3.3 Ithonya Lesilinganiso Esihlanganisiwe Ezindaweni Ze-Rheological Zohlelo Lokuhlanganisa Umdwebo 2 Ithebula 2-2 Inkomba yokuziphatha kokugeleza (n) kanye nenkomba yokuvumelana koketshezi (K) yesisombululo se-HPS/HPMC esinesilinganiso esihlukene senhlanganisela ku-25 ° Imidwebo 2-4 ikhombisa umphumela wesilinganiso esihlanganisa ukuncika kwesilinganiso se-HPMC / HPS ehlanganisa isixazululo solution.Kungabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi i-viscosity yesistimu ye-compound enokuqukethwe kwe-HPS ephansi (HPS <20%) ayishintshi kakhulu ngokunyuka kwezinga le-shear, ikakhulukazi ngoba ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe olunokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-HPS , i-HPMC esimweni sesixazululo. ekushiseni okuphansi yisigaba esiqhubekayo;i-viscosity yesistimu ye-compound enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPS kancane kancane iyancipha ngokunyuka kwezinga lokugunda, okubonisa isenzakalo esicacile sokunciphisa i-shear, okubonisa ukuthi isisombululo esiyinhlanganisela siwuketshezi oluyi-pseudoplastic.Ngesilinganiso esifanayo sokugunda, i-viscosity yesisombululo esiyinhlanganisela iyanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi i-HPS isesimweni sejeli se-viscous ekushiseni okuphansi. Kusetshenziswa umthetho wamandla we-Ostwald-de Waele (bona ifomula (2-1)) ukuze kulingane amajika esilinganiso se-shear-shear (akuboniswanga embhalweni) wezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezinezilinganiso ezihlanganisiwe ezihlukene, i-exponent yokugeleza n kanye ne-viscosity coefficient K, imiphumela efanelekile ikhonjiswa etafuleni 2-2.Kungabonakala etafuleni ukuthi 0.9869 2.3.3.1 Umthelela wesilinganiso sokuhlanganisa ku-zero shear viscosity yohlelo lokuhlanganisa Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto ezimbobo ze-hemoological ze-polymer compy compound system kanye nezici zesimbozo sezakhi ohlelweni oluhambisana nomthetho we-Logarithmic Rum.Ngohlelo lwe-complent complent, ubudlelwano phakathi kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe nengxenye ngayinye kungavezwa yi-equation elandelayo: Phakathi kwazo, F yipharamitha yempahla yesikebhe yohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi; F1, F2 amapharamitha wesihebiso wesakhi 1 nengxenye 2, ngokulandelana; ∅1 no ∅2 yizingxenyana eziningi zengxenye 1 nengxenye 2, ngokulandelana, no-∅1 ∅2. Ngakho-ke, ukubonwa kwe-zero-shear yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe ngemuva kokuhlanganisa nezilinganiso ezihlukile ezihlanganisiwe kungabalwa ngokuya ngomgomo wegama lokulinganisa ukubala inani elihlanganyelwe.Amanani wokuhlola wezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe anezilinganiso ezihlukile ze-compound zavalwa yi-carnen efanelekile ye-viscosity-shear izinga lejika.Inani elibikezelwe le-Zero Shear Viscosity yohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Compound olunezilinganiso ezihlukile ze-Compound ziqhathaniswa nenani lokuhlola, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2-5. Ingxenye yomugqa onachashazi esithombeni inani elibikezelwe le-viscosity ye-shear eyiziro yesixazululo esiyinhlanganisela esitholwe umthetho wesamba se-logarithmic, futhi igrafu yomugqa onachashazi inani lokuhlola lesistimu ehlanganisiwe enezilinganiso ezihlanganisiwe ezihlukene.Kungabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi inani lokuhlola lesixazululo esiyinhlanganisela libonisa ukuchezuka okuthile okuhle-negative-okuhlobene nomthetho wokuhlanganisa, okubonisa ukuthi uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe alukwazi ukufeza ukuhambisana kwe-thermodynamic, futhi uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe luwukuhlakazeka kwesigaba okuqhubekayo Ukushisa okuphansi kwesakhiwo se- "Sea-Island" sohlelo lwezigaba ezimbili;futhi ngokunciphisa okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso sokuhlanganisa se-HPMC/HPS, isigaba esiqhubekayo sesistimu yokuhlanganisa sishintshile ngemva kokuba isilinganiso sokuhlanganisa sibe ngu-4:6.Isahluko sidingida kabanzi ucwaningo. Kungabonakala ngokucacile kusuka kulokho okuthi lapho isilinganiso se-HPMC / HPS Compound sikhulu, uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lunokuphambuka okungekuhle, okungenzeka ngoba i-HPS ye-highsiotion ephezulu isatshalaliswa esigabeni esisezingeni eliphakeme se-HPMC Isigaba esiphakathi nendawo .Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, kukhona ukuphambuka okuhle ohlelweni lwe-compound, okubonisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwesigaba esiqhubekayo kwenzeka ohlelweni lwe-compound ngalesi sikhathi.I-HPS ene-viscosity ephezulu iba isigaba esiqhubekayo sohlelo lwe-compound, ngenkathi i-HPMC ihlakazeka esigabeni esiqhubekayo se-HPS ngesimo somfaniswano ofanayo. 2.3.3.2 Ithonya Lesilinganiso Esihlanganisiwe Ekuziphatheni koketshezi kohlelo lokuhlanganisa Amanani 2-6 abonisa inkomba yokugeleza n yesistimu ehlanganisiwe njengomsebenzi wokuqukethwe kwe-HPS.Njengoba i-Flow Index n ifakwe ku-log-logarithmic cordinate, n nansi isamba esiqondile.Kungabonakala kusuka kuMdwebo wokuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, inkomba yokugeleza n yohlelo oluncane iyancipha, okukhombisa ukuthi i-HPS yehlisa izakhiwo ze-Fluid zeNewtonian fluid zesisombululo se-Compound.Ingxenye engezansi yi-gel State enokubonakala okuphezulu.Kungabonakala futhi kusuka kuMdwebo wokuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kwenkomba yokugeleza kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe nokuqukethwe kwe-HPS kuvumelanisa ebudlelwaneni obuqondile (R2 ngu-0.98062), lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lunokuhambisana okuhle. 2.3.3.3 Ithonya lesilinganiso esibonisayo ku-viscocity coeffling yohlelo lokuhlanganisa Umfanekiso 2-7 ubonisa i-viscosity coefficient K yesisombululo esihlanganisiwe njengomsebenzi wokuqukethwe kwe-HPS.Kungabonakala kusuka kunombolo yokuthi inani le-K le-HPMC elihlanzekile lincane kakhulu, kanti inani le-K le-HPS emsulwa likhulu kakhulu, elihlobene ne-gel Properties ye-HPMC ne-HPS, okuyisixazululo nesixazululo kanye ne-gel State ngokulandelana izinga lokushisa eliphansi.Lapho okuqukethwe kwengxenye ephansi ye-vissusity kuphezulu, okungukuthi, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPS kuphansi, i-visaosity coeffled e-compound solution isondele kulolo lwengxenye ephansi ye-HPMC;Ngenkathi okuqukethwe okuqukethwe kwengxenye ephezulu ye-povelice ephezulu, inani le-K le-Compound Solution likhuphuka ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS kukhuphuke kakhulu, okuveze ukuthi i-HPS yandisa ukubonwa kwe-HPMC emazingeni okushisa aphansi.Lokhu ikakhulukazi kukhombisa umnikelo wokubonakala kwesigaba esiqhubekayo kuya ekubonakaleni kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe.Ezimweni ezihlukile lapho ingxenye ephansi ye-visconent yisigaba esiqhubekayo kanye nengxenye ephezulu ye-visconent yisigaba esiqhubekayo, umnikelo wokuqhamuka kwesigaba esiqhubekayo sokuvunywa kwesistimu ye-compound kusobala.Lapho i-Low-Viscosity HPMC isigaba esiqhubekayo, i-viscosity yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe ikakhulukazi ikhombisa umnikelo wokubonakala kwesigaba esiqhubekayo;Futhi lapho i-high-vissusity hps iyisigaba esiqhubekayo, i-hpmc njengoba isigaba esihlakazekile sizonciphisa ukubonakala kwe-HPS evusekiso ephezulu.umphumela. 2.3.4 Thixotropy Thixotropy ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuzinza kwezinto noma izinhlelo eziningi, ngoba i-thixotropy ingathola ulwazi ngesakhiwo sangaphakathi kanye nezinga lomonakalo ngaphansi kwamandla okugunda [323-325].I-Thixotropy ingaxhunyaniswa nemiphumela yesikhashana kanye nomlando we-shear okuholela ekushintsheni kwezinguquko ezinkulu [324, 326].Indlela ye-thixotropic enezigaba ezintathu yasetshenziselwa ukutadisha umphumela wezilinganiso ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa kuzakhiwo ze-thixotropic zesistimu yokuhlanganisa.Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kwizibalo 2-5, wonke amasampula akhombise amabanga ahlukene we-thixotropy.Ngamazinga aphansi e-shear, i-viscosity yesisombululo senhlanganisela yanda kakhulu ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, okwakuhambisana noshintsho lwe-viscosity ye-zero-shear nokuqukethwe kwe-HPS. I-DRR yokuthola kabusha i-DSR yamasampula ahlanganisiwe ngesikhathi sokutakula okuhlukile kubalwa ngefomula (2-3), njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 2-1.Uma i-DSR <1, isampula inokumelana okuphansi kwe-shear, futhi isampula yi-thixotropic;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-DSR> 1, isampula ine-anti-Thixotropy.Ukusuka etafuleni, siyabona ukuthi inani le-DSR le-HPMC elihlanzekile liphezulu kakhulu, cishe i-1, lokhu yingoba i-HPMC Molecule iyi-chain eqinile, futhi isikhathi sayo sokuphumula siphumule ngokushesha, futhi isakhiwo sitholakala ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamandla aphezulu we-shear.Inani le-DSR le-HPS liphansi, eliqinisekisa izakhiwo zalo eziqinile ze-Thixotropic, ikakhulukazi ngoba i-HPS iyi-chain eguquguqukayo futhi isikhathi sayo sokuphumula yinde.Isakhiwo asilulabuke ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sokuhlola. Kwikhambi elihlanganisiwe, ngesikhathi sokutakula esifanayo, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kukhulu kune-70%, i-DSR yehla ngokushesha ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, ngoba i-HPS Molecular chain iyikhethini eliguquguqukayo, kanye nenombolo yamaketanga ama-molecular aqinile ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lukhuphuka ngokungezwa kwe-HPS.Uma kuncishiswa, isikhathi sokuphumula sengxenye yama-molekyuli esiphelele sohlelo lwe-compors siyenzeka isikhathi eside, futhi i-thixotropy yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe ayikwazi ukutholakala ngokushesha ngaphansi kwesenzo se-shear ephezulu.Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kungaphansi kwama-70%, i-DSR iyanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, okukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaketanga wamangqamuzana e-HPS kanye ne-HPMC ohlelweni lwenhlanganisela, okuthuthukisa ukuqina okuphelele kwamangqamuzana. Izingxenye ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe futhi zinciphise isikhathi sokuphumula sohlelo oluhlanganisiwe sincishisiwe, futhi i-thixotropy incishisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani le-DSR lohlelo oluhlanganisiwe laliphansi kakhulu kunalokho kwe-HPMC ehlanzekile, eveze ukuthi i-THixotropy ye-HPMC yathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokuhlanganisa.Amanani we-DSR amasampula amaningi ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe ayemkhulu kunaleyo ye-HPS emsulwa, ekhombisa ukuthi ukuqina kwe-HPS kwathuthukiswa ngezinga elithile. Kungabonakala futhi etafuleni ukuthi ngezikhathi ezihlukene zokubuyisela, amanani e-DSR wonke abonisa iphuzu eliphansi kakhulu lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kungu-70%, futhi lapho okuqukethwe kwesitashi kungaphezu kuka-60%, inani le-DSR lenkimbinkimbi liphakeme lokho nge-HPS emsulwa.Amanani e-DSR phakathi kwama-10 s awo wonke amasampuli asondelene kakhulu namanani okugcina e-DSR, okubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwesistimu eyinhlanganisela ngokuyisisekelo kuqedele iningi lemisebenzi yokuvuselela isakhiwo phakathi nemizuzwana eyi-10.Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi amasampula ayinhlanganisela anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPS akhombise ukuthambekela kokukhula ekuqaleni bese ehla ngokwandisa isikhathi sokuthola kabusha, okukhombisa ukuthi amasampula ayinhlanganisela nawo akhombisa izinga elithile le-thixotropy ngaphansi kwesenzo se-shear ephansi, futhi isakhiwo sabo singazinzile. Ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi ye-thixotropy yezigaba ezintathu kuyahambisana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kweringi ye-thixotropic ebikiwe, kodwa imiphumela yokuhlaziywa komthamo ayihambisani nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kweringi ye-thixotropic.I-thixotropy ye-HPMC/HPS system compound ikalwe ngendlela ye-thixotropic ring kanye nokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS [305].Ukuwohloka kuqala kwehla futhi kwanda.Ukuhlolwa kwendandatho ye-Thixotropic kungaqagela kuphela ukuba khona kwe-Thixotropic Phambi, kepha akunakuqinisekisa, ngoba indandatho ye-Thixotropic ingumphumela wesenzo sesikhathi esifanayo se-Shear Time and Shear isilinganiso [325-327]. 2.4 Isifinyezo salesi sahluko Kulesi sahluko, i-thermal gel hpmc kanye ne-gel hps ebandayo yasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha eziphambili zokwakha uhlelo lwe-composite lwesigaba ezimbili sejeli ebandayo nelishisayo.Ithonya lezakhiwo ze-Rheological ezinjengokubonakala, iphethini yokugeleza kanye ne-thixotropy.Ngokusho kobudlelwano obujwayelekile phakathi kwezifundazwe ezahlukahlukene kanye nokugxila kwama-polymers ngesixazululo, imodeli yombuso wamangqamuzana we-HPMC / HPS Compound System kwisixazululo esiphansi sokushisa iyaphakanyiswa.Ngokusho komgomo wegama le-Logarithmic of the Properties zezakhi ezahlukahlukene ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe, ukuhambisana kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kufundwa.Okutholakele okuyinhloko kungokulandelayo: ISAHLUKO 3 Ukulungiselela Nezakhiwo zamafilimu ahlanganisiwe we-HPMC / HPS Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polymer kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokufeza ukuhambisana kokusebenza kwezingxenye eziningi, ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukunciphisa amanani omkhiqizo, nokwandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwezinto [240-242, 328].Khona-ke, ngenxa yomehluko othile wesakhiwo samangqamuzana kanye ne-conformational entropy phakathi kwama-polymers ahlukene, izinhlelo eziningi ze-polymer compounding azihambisani noma zihambisana kancane [11, 12].Izakhiwo zemishini nezinye izakhiwo ze-macroscopic zesistimu ye-polymer compound zihlobene eduze nezakhiwo ze-physicochemical zengxenye ngayinye, isilinganiso esihlanganisiwe sengxenye ngayinye, ukuhambisana phakathi kwezingxenye, kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-microscopic nezinye izici [240, 329]. Ukusuka endaweni yesakhiwo samakhemikhali yokubuka, yomibili i-HPMC ne-HPS yi-hydrophilic curdlan, ineyunithi efanayo yesakhiwo - i-glucose, futhi iguqulwa yiqembu elifanayo elisebenzayo - iqembu le-HPMC, ngakho-ke i-hps kufanele libe nesigaba esihle.ICapacitance.Kodwa-ke, i-HPMC iyi-gel enenqwaba, esesimweni solukhuni ngokubonakala okuphansi kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi, futhi akha i-colloid yokushisa okuphezulu;I-HPS iyi-gel ebandayo ebandayo, okuyi-gel yokushisa ephansi futhi isesimweni sokushisa ngokushisa okuphezulu;Izimo ze-gel nokuziphatha kuphambene ngokuphelele.Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HPMC kanye ne-HPS akukuvumeli ukwakheka kohlelo olunobunzima ngokuhambisana okuhle.Ukunaka konke ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-thermodynamics, kungokubaluleka okukhulu kwethiyori kanye nenani elingokoqobo ku-HPMC elihlanganisiwe nge-HPS ukusungula uhlelo olubandayo lwe-HPL. Lesi sahluko sigxile ocwaningweni lwezakhiwo zemvelo zezingxenye ohlelweni lwe-HPMC/HPS olubandayo kanye nejeli elishisayo, isilinganiso esihlanganisiwe kanye nomswakama ohlobene wemvelo ku-morphology ye-microscopic, ukuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo zokukhanya. , nezindawo zokuphonsa ezishisayo zohlelo oluhlanganisiwe.Kanye nethonya lezakhiwo ze-macroscopic ezifana nezakhiwo ezinesithiyo se-oksijini. 3.1 Izimpahla kanye Nezisetshenziswa 3.1.1 Izinto zokuhlola eziyinhloko 3.1.2 Amathuluzi nemishini emikhulu 3.2 Indlela yokuhlola 3.2.1 Ukulungiswa kwefilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS I-15% (W / W) eyomile esomile ye-HPMC ne-HPS yahlanganiswa ne-3% (W / W) I-Polyethylene Glycol Plaridizer yahlanganiswa ngamanzi ahlanganisiwe ukuthola i-HPMC / kanye nefilimu edliwayo ye-HPMC / I-HPS yalungiswa ngendlela yokusakaza. Indlela yokulungiselela: qala ukale i-HPMC ne-HPS impushana eyomile, bese uwaxuba ngokwezilinganiso ezahlukene;bese ufaka emanzini angu-70 ° C, bese uvuselela ngokushesha ku-120 rpm/min imizuzu engu-30 ukuze uhlakaze ngokugcwele i-HPMC;bese ushisisa ikhambi libe ngaphezu kuka-95 °C, ugovuze ngokushesha ngesivinini esifanayo ihora elingu-1 ukuze ugcwalise ngokuphelele i-HPS;ngemuva kokuqedwa kwe-gelatinization, izinga lokushisa lesisombululo liyancipha ngokushesha libe ngu-70 ° C, futhi isisombululo sishukunyiswa ngesivinini esincane se-80 rpm / min imizuzu engu-40.Ukuncibilikisa ngokugcwele i-HPMC.Thela u-20 g wesisombululo esixubile sokwenza ifilimu esitsheni se-polystyrene petri esinobubanzi obungu-15 cm, usibeke phansi, bese usomisa ku-37 °C.Ifilimu eyomile ihlutshiwe ku-disc ukuze ithole i-membrane ehlanganisiwe edliwayo. Amafilimu adliwayo wonke alingana nomswakama ongu-57% isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, nengxenye yamafilimu edliwayo esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwempahla okwenziwe ngemishini kwafakwa ku-75% umswakama isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-75. 3.2.2 I-Micromorphology yefilimu eyinhlanganisela edliwayo ye-HPMC/HPS 3.2.2.1 Umgomo wokuhlaziya wokuskena isibonakhulu se-electron Isibhamu se-electron esingaphezulu kwe-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) singakhipha inani eliphezulu lama-electron.Ngemuva kokuncishiswa futhi kugxilwe, kungakha ugongolo lwe-elektroni ngamandla athile namandla.Iqhutshwa amandla kazibuthe wekhoyili yokuskena, ngokusho kwesikhathi esithile kanye ne-oda le-Order Scan elingaphezulu kwephuzu lesampula ngephuzu.Ngenxa yomehluko ezicini zendawo encane engaphezulu, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwesampula ne-electron beam kuzokhiqiza amasignali e-electron yesibili ngokuqina okuhlukene, aqoqwa umtshina bese eguqulelwa amasignali kagesi, akhuliswa ividiyo. kanye nokokufaka kugridi yeshubhu lesithombe, ngemva kokulungiswa kokukhanya kweshubhu lesithombe, isithombe se-electron sesibili singatholakala esingabonisa ukuma nezici zesifunda esincane ebusweni besampula.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibonakhulu zendabuko zendabuko, ukulungiswa kwe-SEM kuphakeme kakhulu, mayelana ne-3nm-6nm yongqimba olungaphezulu lwesampula, okulungele kakhulu ukubhekwa kwezici ze-micro-structure ebusweni bezinto. 3.2.2.2 Indlela yokuhlola Ifilimu edliwayo yafakwa ku-desiccator ukuze yomiswe, futhi kwakhethwa usayizi ofanelekile wefilimu edliwayo, yanamathiselwa esiteji sesampula esikhethekile se-SEM nge-adhesive conductive, yase igcotshwa ngegolide nge-vacuum coater.Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, isampula lafakwa e-sem, futhi i-morcopic morphology yesampula yaqashelwa futhi ithathwe izithombe ngezikhathi ezingama-300 kanye nezikhathi eziyi-1000 ukukhulisa ivola lokusheshisa le-elektroni ye-KV. 3.2.3 Ukuhamba okukhanyayo kwefilimu ye-HPMC / HPS edliwayo 3.2.3.1 Ukuhlaziya Umgomo We-UV-Vis Spectrophotometry I-spectrophotometer ye-UV-Vis ingakhipha ukukhanya ngobude begagasi obungu-200~800nm futhi iyikhanyise entweni.Amanye ama-wavelength athile okukhanya ekukhanyiseni kwesigameko amunwa yizinto ezibonakalayo, kanye noshintsho lwamandla we-molecular amandla we-vibrational energy kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla we-elekthronikhi kwenzeka.Njengoba into ngayinye inezinhlaka ezihlukene zendawo yamangqamuzana, i-athomu kanye ne-molecular, into ngayinye ine-spectrum yayo ethile yokumuncwa, futhi okuqukethwe kwento kunganqunywa noma kunqunywe ngokwezinga lokumunca kwamanye amaza obude obuthile ku-spectrum yokumuncwa.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa kwe-UV-Vis spectrophotometric kungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokutadisha ukwakheka, ukwakheka kanye nokuxhumana kwezinto. Uma umsebe wokukhanya ushaya into, ingxenye yokukhanya kwesigameko imuncwa into, futhi enye ingxenye yokukhanya kwesigameko idluliswa ngento;isilinganiso sokuqina kokukhanya okudlulisiwe kuya kubukhulu bokukhanya kwesigameko ukudluliswa. Ifomula yobudlelwano phakathi kokumunca nokudluliswa yileli: Phakathi kwazo, A ukumunca; T iwukudlulisa, %. Ukumuncwa kokugcina kwalungiswa ngokulinganayo ngokumunca × 0.25 mm/ubukhulu. 3.2.3.2 Indlela yokuhlola Lungiselela ama-5% hpmc kanye nezixazululo ze-HPMP, zixubeke ngokuya ngezilinganiso ezihlukile, uthele u-10 g wesisombululo esakha amafilimu esitsheni se-polystyrene petri ngesilinganiso esingu-15 cm, bese uyoma ku-37 ° C ukuze wakhe ifilimu.Sika ifilimu elidliwayo kwi-1mm × 3mm unxande unxantathu, ulifake ku-cuvette, bese wenza ifilimu elidliwayo liseduze nodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-cuvette.I-WFZ UV-Vis Spectrophotometer yayisetshenziselwa ukuskena amasampula agcwele we-wavelength ka-200-800 NM, futhi isampula ngayinye ihlolwe amahlandla ama-5. 3.2.4 Izici ezinamandla ze-thermomechanical ze-HPMC/HPS zamafilimu ayinhlanganisela adliwayo 3.2.4.1 Isimiso sokuhlaziywa kwe-thermomechanical eguquguqukayo I-Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMA) iyithuluzi elingakala ubudlelwano phakathi kwesisindo nezinga lokushisa lesampula ngaphansi komthwalo othile wokushaqeka kanye nezinga lokushisa elihleliwe, futhi lingahlola izici zomshini zesampula ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushintshwa kwengcindezi ngezikhathi ezithile nesikhathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa.ubudlelwane bokuvama. Ama-polymers aphezulu anezindawo eziphakeme ze-tholeelastic, ezingagcina amandla okusebenza njenge-elastomer ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi adle amandla anjenge-mucus ngakolunye uhlangothi.Lapho kusetshenziswa amandla ashintshayo ngezikhathi ezithile, ingxenye enwebekayo iguqula amandla abe amandla angaba namandla futhi awagcine;kuyilapho ingxenye ye-viscous iguqula amandla ibe amandla okushisa futhi ilahlekelwe.Izinto ze-polymer zivame ukukhombisa izifunda ezimbili zezinga lokushisa ingilazi yesimo kanye nesimo sokushisa esiphakeme samazinga okushisa, kanye nokushisa okuguqukayo phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili zokushisa kwengilazi.Ukushisa kwengilazi okuguqukayo kuthinta ngqo isakhiwo nezakhiwo zezinto zokwakha, futhi kungenye yezindlela zokushisa ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinama-polymers. Ngokuhlaziya izakhiwo ezinamandla ze-thermomechanical zama-polymers, i-viscoeliastity of polymers ingabhekwa, futhi amapharamitha afanele anquma ukusebenza kwama-polymers angatholakala, ukuze akwazi ukusetshenziswa kangcono kwimvelo yokusebenzisa uqobo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya okunamandla kwe-thermomechanical kuzwela kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwengilazi, ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, ukuxhumeka kwesigaba, ukunyakaza kwe-crystallization kanye nokunyakaza kwamangqamuzana kuwo wonke amazinga wesakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zama-polymers.Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukutadisha ama-molecule ama-polymers.Ukuziphatha okuhle.Usebenzisa imodi yokushisa ye-DMA ye-DMA, ukwenzeka kwezinguquko zesigaba njengokushintshwa kwengilazi kungahlolwa.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-DSC, i-DMA inokuzwela okuphezulu futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukuhlaziya izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezilingisa ukusetshenziswa kwangempela. 3.2.4.2 Indlela yokuhlola Khetha amasampula ahlanzekile, afanayo, ayisicaba futhi angalimele, bese uwasika abe yimichilo engunxande engu-10mm×20mm.Amasampula ahlolwe kwimodi ye-Tensile esebenzisa i-Pydris Diamond Dynamic Dymomechanical Analyzer kusuka kuPinkinelmer, e-USA.Ibanga lokushisa lokuhlola lalingu-25 ~ 150 ° C, izinga lokushisa lalingu-2 ° C / min, imvamisa bekungu-1 hz, kanti isivivinyo saphindwa kabili kwisampula ngayinye.Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, isitoreji se-modulus (e ') kanye nokulahlekelwa modulus (e ") kwesampula kwaqoshwa, kanye nesilinganiso se-modulus elahlekelwe ku-modulus yesitoreji, okungukuthi, ne-tangent angle tan Δ, nayo ingabalwa. 3.2.5 Ukuqina okushisayo kwamafilimu ahlanganisiwe we-HPMC / HPS edliwayo 3.2.5.1 Isimiso sokuhlaziywa kwe-thermogravimetric I-Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) ingakala ukuguqulwa kwesisindo sesampula ngezinga lokushisa noma isikhathi ezingeni lokushisa elihleliwe, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukutadisha ukuhwamuka okungaba khona, ukuncibilika, ukuncishiswa kwamanzi, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukubola kanye ne-oxidation yezinto ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisisa. .nezinye izenzakalo ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali.Ijika lobudlelwane phakathi kwesisindo sento nezinga lokushisa (noma isikhathi) elitholwe ngokuqondile ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesampula libizwa ngokuthi i-thermogravimetric (ijika le-TGA).ukuncipha kwesisindo nolunye ulwazi.Ijika le-Thermogravimetric eliphuma kulo (ijika le-DTG) lingatholakala ngemva kokutholwa kwe-oda lokuqala lejika le-TGA, elibonisa ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokuncipha kwesisindo lesampula elihloliwe ngezinga lokushisa noma isikhathi, futhi iphuzu eliphakeme liyiphuzu eliphakeme lokungaguquki. isilinganiso. 3.2.5.2 Indlela yokuhlola Khetha ifilimu edliwayo enogqinsi oluyiyunifomu, uyisike ibe yindingilizi enobubanzi obufana nediski yokuhlola i-thermogravimetric analyzer, bese uyibeka phansi kudiski yokuhlola, bese uyivivinya endaweni yenitrogen enezinga lokugeleza elingu-20 mL/min. .Izinga lokushisa lalingu-30–700 °C, izinga lokushisa lalingu-10 °C/min, futhi isampula ngayinye yahlolwa kabili. 3.2.6.1 Isimiso sokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo esiqinile 3.2.6 Izakhiwo eziqinile zamafilimu ayinhlanganisela e-HPMC/HPS Umhloli wempahla yemishini angafaka umthwalo we-tensile oqinile kwi-spline eceleni kwe-eksisi ende ende ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elithile, umswakama kanye nezimo zejubane kuze kube yilapho i-sple yephukile.Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umthwalo usetshenziselwe i-spline kanye nenani lokuchazwa kwalo kwaqoshwa umhloli wempahla yemishini, kanye ne-string-striain curve ngesikhathi sokushintshana kwezithako kwakhiwa.Ukusuka kwi-Stress-Strain Curve, amandla ashubile (ζt), ukusunduza ekhefu (i-ESKB) kanye ne-elastic modulus (e) kungabalwa ukuze kuhlolwe izakhiwo zefilimu. Ubudlelwano bezingcindezi zezinto zokwakha ngokujwayelekile bungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili: Isifunda se-Elastic Defformation kanye nesifunda sezobulungiswa sepulasitiki.Ku-elastic deformation zone, ingcindezi kanye nobunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo kunobudlelwano obuqondile, futhi ukuguqulwa ngalesi sikhathi kungabuyiselwa ngokuphelele, okuhambisana nomthetho kaCook;Emikhakheni yezobutho lepulasitiki, ukucindezelwa kanye nokuxineka kwezinto ezibonakalayo azisawoti eqondile, kanye noshintsho olwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi ngokungaguquki, ekugcineni amakhefu abonakalayo. Ifomula yokubala yamandla aqinile: Kuphi: amandla aqinile, MPa; p ungumthwalo omkhulu noma umthwalo ophukayo, N; b ububanzi besampula, mm; d ubukhulu besampula, mm. Ifomula yokubala ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu: Kuphi: εb iwubude ngesikhathi sekhefu, %; L ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa yokumaka lapho isampula iphuka, mm; I-L0 ubude be-gauge yoqobo yesampula, mm. Ifomula yokubala ye-elastic modulus: Phakathi kwazo: E yi-elastic modulus, MPa; ζ ingcindezi, i-MPA; ε uhlobo. 3.2.6.2 Indlela yokuhlola Khetha amasampula ahlanzekile, umfaniswano, ofulethi futhi ongalimele, abhekisele kwi-National Standard GB13022-91, bese uwasika ube yi-splines ebunjiwe ye-dumbbell ngobude obungu-120mm, ibanga lokuqala phakathi kokulungiswa kwe-40mm, ibanga eliphakathi kwamamaki angama-40mm, futhi ububanzi be-10mm.Ama-splines abekwe ku-75% no-57% (esimweni se-sodium chloride egcwele i-sodium chloride ne-sodium bromide solution) umswakama, bese ulingana izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokulinganisa.Kulesi sivivinyo, i-ASTM D638, 5566 Mechanical Property Tests of Instron Corporation of the United States kanye ne-2712-003 pneumatic clamp asetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa.Ijubane lokuqina lalingu-10 mm/min, futhi isampula yaphindwa izikhathi ezingu-7, futhi inani elimaphakathi libalwe. 3.2.7 I-Oxygen PermeAbility yefilimu ye-HPMC / HPS edliwayo 3.2.7.1 Isimiso sokuhlaziywa kwe-oxygen permeability Ngemuva kokuthi isampula lokuhlola lifakiwe, i-test cavity ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, a no-b;Ukugeleza komoya wokuhlanza okuphezulu okunamanani athile okugeleza kudluliswa emgodini, futhi ukugeleza kwe-nitrogen ngesilinganiso esithile sokugeleza kudluliswa emgodini we-B;Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola, i-cavity the oxygen igcwele ngesampula ku-BACITER, kanye nomoya-mpilo ungene endaweni ye-B yenziwa ngokugeleza kwe-nitrogen futhi ushiya i-affity ukufika enzwa ye-oxygen.Inzwa ye-oksijini ilinganisa okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo ekugelezeni kwe-nitrogen futhi kukhipha isibonakaliso sikagesi esihambisanayo, ngaleyo ndlela kubale umoya-mpilo wesampula.ukudluliselwa. 3.2.7.2 Indlela yokuhlola Khetha amafilimu ahlelekile ahluzekile, usike ungene kumasampula abunjwe nge-10.16 x 10.16 cmKuhlolwe ngokuya nge-ASTM D-3985, isampula ngayinye inendawo yokuhlola engama-50 cm2. 3.3 Imiphumela Nezingxoxo 3.3.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo esincane samafilimu ayinhlanganisela adliwayo Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezingxenye zoketshezi olwakha ifilimu kanye nezimo zokomisa-kunquma ukwakheka kokugcina kwefilimu futhi kuthinte ngokungathi sína izici ezihlukahlukene zomzimba namakhemikhali zefilimu [330, 331].Izakhiwo zejeli ezingokwemvelo kanye nesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe sengxenye ngayinye singathinta i-morphology ye-compound, ephinde ithinte ukwakheka kwendawo kanye nezakhiwo zokugcina ze-membrane [301, 332].Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya okungahambi kahle kwamafilimu kunganikeza imininingwane efanelekile ekuhlelweni kwamangqamuzana kwengxenye ngayinye, yona engasisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono izakhiwo zesithiyo, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nezakhiwo ze-optical zamafilimu. Ukuskena okungaphezulu kwe-elektroni Micrographs yama-Scrographs ama-HPS / HPMC amafilimu adliwayo anezilinganiso ezihlukile aboniswa kuMfanekiso 3-1.Njengoba kungabonakala kuMdwebo 3-1, amanye amasampula akhombisa imifantu emincane ebusweni, engabangelwa ukuncishiswa komswakama kusampula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, noma ngokuhlaselwa komshini we-elektroni ku-microscope cavity [122 , 139].Emfanekisweni, ulwelwesi lwe-HPS olumsulwa kanye ne-HPMC emsulwa.Ama-membranes akhombisa indawo ebushelelezi emicroscopic, kanye ne-microsscructure of membranes emsulwa e-membranes emsulwa futhi ebushelelezi kunama-membranes ahlanzekile we-HPMC, okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yama-molecule e-starch (ama-molecule we-amylopectin) ngesikhathi sokupholisa i-molecular ngesisombululo esinamanzi.Izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi uhlelo lwamanzi lwe-amylose-amylopectin kwinqubo yokupholisa Kungaba khona indlela yokuncintisana phakathi kokwakheka kwe-gel nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba.Uma izinga lokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba liphansi kunesilinganiso sokwakheka kwe-gel, ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba ngeke kwenzeke ohlelweni, ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kuzokwenzeka ohlelweni [333, 334].Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-amylose kudlula ama-25%, i-gelatinization ye-amylose kanye nesakhiwo senethiwekhi esiqhubekayo sokusebenzela singavimba kakhulu ukubukeka kokuhlukana kwesigaba [334].Okuqukethwe kwe-Amylose kwama-HPS asetshenzisiwe kuleli phepha kungama-80%, kuphakeme kakhulu kune-25%, ngaleyo ndlela kufanekiselwa kangcono isimo se-membranes esihlanzekile futhi esibushelelezi kunama-HPMC membranes amaningi. Kungabonakala ekuqhathanisweni kwezibalo zawo wonke amafilimu ama-composite anokhangi, futhi ezinye izigaxa ezingajwayelekile zihlakazekile, okukhombisa ukuthi kunezinga elithile lokulimaza phakathi kwe-HPMC ne-HPS ne-HPS.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe olunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPMC kukhombisa isakhiwo esiningi esimnandi kunalabo abanokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPS.I-HPS esekwe ku-Towensation ku-37 ° CEMEME FREATE FRATESTRATION Ngokusekelwe kwizakhiwo zejeli, i-HPS yethule isimo sejeli esibonakalayo;Ngenkathi kususelwa kwizindawo ze-Thermal Gel ze-HPMC, i-HPMC yethule isimo solusizo samanzi.Ku-membrane okunhlanganisela okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPS (7: 3 hpP / HPMC), i-viscous hpmc), futhi i-HPMC enamanzi ihlakazeka kusigaba esiphakeme se-HPS esiqhubekayo njengesigaba esihlakazekile, esingalungile ekusakazweni okufanayo kwesigaba esihlakazekile;Kwifilimu eyinhlanganisela enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPMC (3: 7 HPS / HPMC), i-HPMC ephansi iguqukela esigabeni esiqhubekayo, futhi i-HPS ebonakalayo ihlakazeka esigabeni esiphansi se-HPMC njengesigaba esihlakazekile, esivumelana ukwakheka kwesigaba se-homogeneous.uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe. Kungabonakala esimweni sokuthi yize wonke amafilimu ahlanganisiwe abonisa izakhiwo ezingaphezulu ezinzima nezinobungozi, akukho lutho lwesigaba esibonakalayo olutholakala, okukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ne-HPS kufanelekile ukuhambisana okuhle.Amafilimu ahlanganisiwe we-HPMC / Starch angenawo amapulasitiki anjenge-peg akhombisa ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba okusobala [301], ngaleyo ndlela okukhombisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-hydroxypropyll of starch kanye nama-peg spisticisyl kungathuthukisa ukuhambisana kwe-compothite -System. 3.3.2 Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo ze-Optical of Edred Composite Films Izakhiwo ezilula zokuhambisa amafilimu ahlekisayo we-HPMC / HPS anezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene ahlolwe yi-UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, kanti i-UV Spectra iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3-2.Okukhudlwana inani lokushintshana lokukhanya, umfaniswano obonakalayo futhi obala ifilimu;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuncane okuthatha inani lokuhamba elikhanyayo, okulinganiselwe kanye ne-opaque ifilimu.Kungabonakala kusuka kuMdwebo 3-2 (a) ukuthi wonke amafilimu ahlanganisiwe akhombisa umkhuba ofanayo nokwanda kwe-wavelength yokuskena okugcwele, futhi ukudluliselwa kokukhanya kukhuphuka kancane kancane ngokwanda kwe-wavelength.Ku-350nm, amajika avame ukukhuphuka. Khetha ukudlulisela kubude begagasi obungu-500nm ukuze uqhathanise, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 3-2(b), ukudluliswa kwefilimu ehlanzekile ye-HPS kungaphansi kwalokho kwefilimu ye-HPMC emsulwa, futhi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, ukudlulisela kuyehla kuqala, bese inyuke ngemuva kokufinyelela inani elincane.Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kukhuphuka ku-70%, ukudluliselwa kokukhanya kwefilimu eyinhlanganisela kwakukukhulu kune-HPS emsulwa.Kuyaziwa ukuthi uhlelo olunobunzima luzokhombisa ukudluliselwa okungcono kokukhanya, kanye nenani laso lokuhambisa elilinganiswayo liphakeme kakhulu;Izinto ze-inhomogeneous ngokuvamile zivame kakhulu futhi zinamanani aphansi we-UV Transmittance.Amanani okudlulisela amafilimu ayinhlanganisela (7:3, 5:5) abephansi kunalawo amafilimu e-HPS amsulwa nawe-HPMC, okubonisa ukuthi bekunezinga elithile lokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ze-HPS ne-HPMC. Fig. 3-2 I-UV Spectra kuwo wonke ama-wavelength (a), kanye no-500 nm (b), kumafilimu we-HPS / HPMC ahlanganisa.Ibha imele ± ukuchezuka okujwayelekile.I-AC: izinhlamvu ezahlukene zihluke kakhulu ngesilinganiso esihlukahlukene sokuhlanganiswa (p <0.05), esisetshenzisiwe kwi-dissertation ephelele 3.3.3 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-thermomechanic kwamafilimu adible composite Umdwebo 3-3 ukhombisa izakhiwo ze-thermomechanical ezinamandla zamafilimu adliwayo e-HPMC / HPS anezakhi ezahlukahlukene.Kungabonakala ku-Fig. 3-3 (a) ukuthi i-modulus yokugcina (e ') yehla ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-modululus yesitoreji yawo wonke amasampula yehle kancane kancane ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ngaphandle kwalapho ifilimu esitoreji se-HPS emsulwa (10: 0) ifilimu inyuke kancane ngemuva kokuthi izinga lokushisa lenyuke laya ku-70 ° C.Ekushiseni okuphezulu, ifilimu eliyinhlanganisela enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPMC, i-modululus yesitoreji yefilimu eyinhlanganisela inomkhuba osobala ongezansi ngokwanda kokushisa;Ngenkathi yesampula enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-HPS, i-modulus yesitoreji iyehla kuphela kancane ngokwanda kokushisa. Fig. 3-3 Isitoreji modulus (e ') (a) kanye nokulahleka kwe-tangent (Tan Δ) (b) ye-HPS / HPMC ehlanganisa amafilimu Kungabonakala kusuka kuMdwebo 3-3 (b) ukuthi amasampula anokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC ephakeme kune-30% (5: 5, 3: 7, 0:10) Konke kukhombisa ukuguqulwa kwengilazi ye-Glass, futhi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, Ukuguqulwa kwengilazi okushisa okuguqukayo kuguqukele ekushiseni okuphezulu, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwe-HPMC polymer chain yehle.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulwelwesi olumsulwa lwe-HPS lubonisa imvilophu enkulu ecishe ibe yi-67 ° C, ngenkathi ulwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe olune-70% HPS okuqukethwe alunalo inguquko yengilazi esobala.Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba kunesilinganiso esithile sokuxhumana phakathi kwe-HPMC ne-HPS, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela ukunyakaza kwezingxenye zamangqamuzana ze-HPMC ne-HPS. 3.3.4 Ukuhlaziywa kokuqina kwe-Thermal kwamafilimu afanayo ahlanganisiwe Fig. 3-4 TGA curves (a) kanye nokuphuma kwawo (DTG) curves (b) of HPS/HPMC blend films Ukuqina okushisayo kwefilimu elidliwayo le-composite le-HPMC / HPS kuhlolwe ku-thermogravimetric analyzer.Umdwebo 3-4 ukhombisa ijika le-thermogravimetric Curve (TGA) kanye ne-curve yayo yokunciphisa isisindo (i-DTG) yefilimu eyinhlanganisela.Kusukela ejikeni le-TGA ku-Figure 3-4(a), kungabonakala ukuthi amasampula olwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela anezilinganiso ezihlukene abonisa izigaba ezimbili ezisobala zoshintsho lwe-thermogravimetric ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.Ukushintshashintsha kwamanzi adsorbed yi-polysaccharide macromolecule kubangela isigaba esincane sokuncipha kwesisindo ku-30-180 ° C ngaphambi kokuba ukuwohloka kwangempela kokushisa kwenzeke.Kamuva, kunesigaba esikhulu sokunciphisa umzimba ku-300 ~ 450 ° C, lapha isigaba sokuwohloka kwe-HPMC ne-HPMC ne-HPS. Kusuka kumajika e-DTG kuMfanekiso 3-4(b), kuyabonakala ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuwohloka kokushisa kwe-HPS emsulwa kanye ne-HPMC emsulwa angu-338 °C no-400 °C, ngokulandelana, kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuwohloka kwe-HPMC emsulwa. ephakeme kunaleyo ye-HPS, ekhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC engcono yokuqina okushisayo kune-HPS.Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kungu-30% (7:3), ukuphakama okukodwa kuvele ku-347 °C, okuhambisana nesici esiphezulu se-HPS, kodwa izinga lokushisa laliphezulu kunenani eliphakeme lokuwohloka kokushisa kwe-HPS;Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC bekungu-70% (3: 7), kuvela inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-HPMC ngo-400 ° C;Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kwakungama-50%, iziqongo ezimbili zokuwohloka okushisayo zivele kwijika le-DTG, 345 ° C no-396 ° C, ngokulandelana.Iziqongo zihambisana neziqongo zesici ze-HPS ne-HPMC, ngokulandelana, kodwa inani eliphakeme lokuwohloka kokushisa elihambisana ne-HPS lincane, futhi zombili iziqongo zinokushintsha okuthile.Kungabonakala ukuthi ulwelwesi oluningi oluyinhlanganisela lubonisa kuphela isici esiphakeme esihambisana nengxenye ethile, futhi ayasuswa uma kuqhathaniswa nolwelwesi lwengxenye emsulwa, okubonisa ukuthi kunomehluko othile phakathi kwezingxenye ze-HPMC ne-HPS.izinga lokuhambisana.Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuwohloka okushisayo kwelwelwesi eliyinhlanganisela laliphakeme kunalelo le-HPS emsulwa, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC ingathuthukisa ukuzinza kokushisa kwe-HPS ulwelwesi ngokwezinga elithile. 3.3.5 Ukuhlaziywa Kwezakhiwo Zemishini Yefilimu Ehlekisayo Edliwayo Izakhiwo ezi-Tensale zamafilimu ahlanganisiwe we-HPMC / HPS anezilinganiso ezihlukile alinganiswa ngama-analyzer we-Mechanical Praces ngo-25 ° C, umswakama ohlobene ka-57% no-75%.Umfanekiso 3-5 ubonisa i-elastic modulus (a), ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu (b) namandla aqinile (c) amafilimu ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS anezilinganiso ezihlukene ngaphansi kokuswakama okuhlobene okuhlukile.Kungabonakala esibalweni ukuthi uma umswakama ohlobene ungama-57%, i-elastic modulus namandla aqinile wefilimu ye-HPS emsulwa inkulu, futhi i-HPMC emsulwa incane kakhulu.Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, i-elastic modulus namandla aqinile amafilimu ayinhlanganisela anda ngokuqhubekayo.Ukwelulwa ngesikhathi sekhefu lolwelwesi oluhlanzekile lwe-HPMC kukhulu kakhulu kunolwelwesi oluhlanzekile lwe-HPS, futhi kokubili kukhulu kunolwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela. Lapho umswakama ohlobene ephakeme (75%) uma kuqhathaniswa nomswakama ohlobene nama-57%, amamojula anwestic kanye namandla ashubile awo wonke amasampula ancipha, ngenkathi ukugcwala kwekhefu kuncishisiwe kakhulu.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi, njenge-scielizer ejwayelekile, angayihlaza i-HPMC ne-HPS Matrix, anciphise amandla phakathi kwamaketanga we-polymer, futhi athuthukise ukuhamba kwama-polymer izingxenye.Emazingeni aphezulu omswakama, i-elastic modulus namandla aqinile wamafilimu e-HPMC ahlanzekile ayephakeme kunalawo amafilimu e-HPS amsulwa, kodwa ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu babuphansi, umphumela owawuhluke ngokuphelele emiphumeleni yomswakama ophansi.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezakhiwo zemishini yamafilimu ayinhlanganisela anezilinganiso zengxenye kumswakama ophezulu wama-75% kuphambene ngokuphelele nalokho okunomswakama ophansi uma kuqhathaniswa necala kumswakama ohlobene no-57%.Ngaphansi komswakama ophezulu, umswakama wefilimu uyanda, futhi amanzi akagcini nje ngokuba nomphumela othile we-plasticizing ku-matrix ye-polymer, kodwa futhi akhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwesitashi.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HPMC, i-HPS inokuthambekela okunamandla kokuphinda isebenze, ngakho-ke umphumela wokuswakama umswakama kuma-HPS mkhulu kakhulu kunalokho kwe-HPMC. I-Fig. 3-5 Izakhiwo ezi-Tensale zamafilimu we-HPS / HPMC anezilinganiso ezihlukile ze-HPS / HPMC ezilingana ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuthobeka (RH).*: Izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ezihlukile zihlukile kakhulu nge-RH ehlukahlukene, zisetshenziswa kwi-dissertation ephelele 3.3.6 Ukuhlaziywa kokuthathwa komoya-mpilo kwamafilimu ahlekisayo adliwayo Ifilimu eyinhlanganisela edliwayo isetshenziswa njengempahla yokupakisha ukudla ukuze inwebe isikhathi seshalofu lokudla, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kwesithiyo somoya-mpilo kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile.Ngakho-ke, amazinga okudlulisa umoya-mpilo wamafilimu adliwayo anezilinganiso ezihlukene ze-HPMC / HPS alinganiswa ekushiseni kwe-23 ° C, futhi imiphumela iboniswa ku-Figure 3-6.Kungabonakala ngesibalo ukuthi ukufinyeleleka komoyampilo we-membrane ye-HPS emsulwa kuphansi kakhulu kunolwelwesi oluhlanzekile lwe-HPMC, okubonisa ukuthi ulwelwesi lwe-HPS lunezinto ezingcono zokuvimbela umoya-mpilo kunolwelwesi lwe-HPMC.Ngenxa yokuvuleka okuphansi kanye nokuba khona kwezindawo ezinama-amorphoous, i-HPMC kulula ukwakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi esezingeni eliphansi kakhulu kwifilimu;uma iqhathaniswa ne-HPS, inokuthambekela okuphezulu kokuphinda ikristale, futhi kulula ukwenza isakhiwo esiminyene efilimini.Ucwaningo oluningi lubonise ukuthi amafilimu esitashi anezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela umoya-mpilo uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-polymers [139, 301, 335, 336]. Fig. 3-6 perlygen vermeability yama-HPS / HPMC ahlanganisa amafilimu Ukwengezwa kwe-HPS kunganciphisa kakhulu ukufinyeleleka komoyampilo we-membrane ye-HPMC, futhi ukufinyeleleka komoya-mpilo wezingqimba eziyinhlanganisela kuncipha kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS.Ukwengezwa kwe-HPS engangeneki komoya-mpilo kungakhuphula ukuhlukumezeka kwesiteshi somoya-mpilo kulwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela, okubuye kuholele ekwehleni kwezinga lokungena komoyampilo futhi ekugcineni kunciphise ukungena komoyampilo.Imiphumela efanayo ibikiwe kwezinye izitashi zomdabu [139,301]. 3.4 Isifinyezo salesi sahluko Kulesi sahluko, ukusebenzisa i-HPMC ne-HPS njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko, kanye nokwengeza i-polyethylene glycol njenge-plasticizer, amafilimu ahlanganisiwe adliwayo e-HPMC/HPS anezilinganiso ezihlukene alungiswe ngendlela yokuphonsa.Umthelela wezakhiwo ezingokwemvelo zezingxenye kanye nesilinganiso sokuhlanganisa ku-morphology ye-microscopic ye-membrane eyinhlanganisela yacwaningwa ngokuskena i-electron microscopy;izakhiwo zemishini ye-membrane eyinhlanganisela zafundwa umhloli we-mechanical-properties.Umthelela wezakhiwo ezingokwemvelo zezingxenye kanye nesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe ezimpahleni zokuvimbela umoya-mpilo kanye nokudluliswa kokukhanya kwefilimu eyinhlanganisela kwacwaningwa umhloli wokudlulisa umoya-mpilo kanye ne-UV-vis spectrophotometer.Ukuskena i-electron microscopy, ukuhlaziywa kwe-thermogravimetric nokuhlaziywa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo kwasetshenziswa.Ukuhlaziywa kwemishini kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlaziya zasetshenziselwa ukutadisha ukuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba sesistimu yenhlanganisela yejeli ebandayo eshisayo.Okutholakele okuyinhloko imi kanje: Imiphumela yokuhlola engenhla ibonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HPS ne-HPMC akukwazi ukunciphisa kuphela izindleko zokukhiqiza zefilimu edliwayo ye-HPMC, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwayo.Izakhiwo zemishini, izakhiwo zokuvimbela umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhiwo ze-optical zefilimu ehlanganisiwe edliwayo zingafinyelelwa ngokulungisa isilinganiso esihlanganisiwe sezingxenye ezimbili kanye nomswakama ohlobene nendawo yangaphandle. Isahluko 4 Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-micromorphology kanye nezici zemishini zohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-entropy yokuxuba ephakeme ngesikhathi sokuxuba i-alloy yensimbi, i-entropy yokuxuba ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa i-polymer ngokuvamile incane kakhulu, futhi ukushisa kokuhlanganisa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa kuvame ukuba kuhle, okuholela ezinqubweni zokuhlanganisa i-polymer.Ushintsho lwamandla lwamahhala lwe-Gibbs luhle (���>), ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwe-polymer kuvame ukwakha izinhlelo zezigaba ezimbili ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba, futhi ukwakheka kwe-polymer okuhambisana ngokugcwele kuyivelakancane kakhulu [242]. Amasistimu enhlanganisela exubile ngokuvamile angafinyelela ukungezwani kweleveli yamangqamuzana ku-thermodynamics futhi akhe izinhlanganisela ezilinganayo, ngakho-ke izinhlelo eziningi ezihlanganisiwe ze-polymer azihlanganisi.Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo eziningi ezihlanganisiwe ze-polymer zingafinyelela esimweni esihambisanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile futhi zibe izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezinokuhambisana okuthile [257]. Izakhiwo ze-macroscopic ezifana nemishini yezinhlelo ze-polymer composite zincike kakhulu ekusebenzelaneni kanye ne-morphology yesigaba sezingxenye zazo, ikakhulukazi ukuhambisana phakathi kwezingxenye kanye nokwakheka kwezigaba eziqhubekayo nezihlakazekile [301].Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha i-microscopic morphology kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic zesistimu eyinhlanganisela nokusungula ubuhlobo phakathi kwazo, okubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izakhiwo zezinto ezihlanganisiwe ngokulawula isakhiwo sesigaba nokuhambisana kwesistimu eyinhlanganisela. Enkambweni yokufunda i-morphology kanye nomdwebo wesigaba sesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izindlela ezifanele zokuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene.Kodwa-ke, umehluko phakathi kwe-HPMC ne-HPS unzima impela, ngoba zombili zinokucaca okuhle kanye nenkomba ye-refractive efanayo, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezimbili nge-optical microscopy;ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba kokubili kuyizinto eziphilayo ezisekelwe kukhabhoni, ngakho-ke lezi zimbili zinokumuncwa okufanayo kwamandla, ngakho-ke kunzima futhi ukuskena i-electron microscopy ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile izingxenye ezimbili.I-Fourier transform spectroscopy ye-infrared ingabonisa izinguquko kumofology kanye nomdwebo wesigaba sesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi ye-protein-starch ngesilinganiso sendawo yebhande le-polysaccharide ku-1180-953 cm-1 kanye nebhendi ye-amide ku-1750-1483 cm-1 [52, 337], kodwa le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile idinga imisebe ye-synchrotron i-Fourier iguqule amasu e-infrared ukuze akhiqize ukugqama okwanele kumasistimu ayingxube ye-HPMC/HPS.Kukhona futhi amasu okufeza lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye, njenge-microscopy ye-electron yokudlulisela kanye nokuhlakazeka kwe-X-ray ye-angle encane, kodwa lawa masu ngokuvamile ayinkimbinkimbi [338].Kulesi sihloko, kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlaziya i-iodine elula yokudaya isibonakhulu esibonakalayo, futhi isimiso sokuthi iqembu lokugcina le-amylose helical structure lingasabela nge-iodine ukuze lenze ama-inclusion complexes lisetshenziselwa ukudaya uhlelo lwenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS ngokudaya i-iodine, ngakho-ke. Lokho ku-HPS Izakhi zahlukaniswa nezakhi ze-HPMC ngemibala yazo ehlukene ngaphansi kwesithambisi esincane.Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuhlaziya i-iodine yokudaya i-optical microscope iyindlela yocwaningo elula nephumelelayo ye-morphology kanye nomdwebo wesigaba wezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisekelwe isitashi. Kulesi sahluko, i-microscopic morphology, ukusatshalaliswa kwesigaba, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezincane ze-HPMC/HPS uhlelo lwekhompiyutha zafundwa ngokuhlaziywa kwe-iodine yokudaya i-optical microscope;kanye nezakhiwo zemishini nezinye izakhiwo ze-macroscopic;futhi ngokuhlaziywa kokuhlobana kwe-microscopic morphology kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic zokugxilisa izixazululo ezahlukene kanye nezilinganiso ezihlanganisiwe, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic zesistimu yenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS yasungulwa, ukuze kulawulwe i-HPMC/HPS.Nikeza isisekelo sezakhiwo zezinto eziyinhlanganisela. 4.1 Izinto zokwakha nemishini 4.1.1 Izinto zokuhlola eziyinhloko 4.2 Indlela yokuhlola 4.2.1 Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo esiyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS Lungiselela isixazululo se-HPMC nekhambi le-HPS ngo-3%, 5%, 7% kanye no-9% ukugxila, bheka 2.2.1 ngendlela yokulungiselela.Hlanganisa isixazululo se-HPMC nesixazululo se-HPS ngokusho kuka-100: 0, 90: 20, 70:30, 60:50, 50:50, 45:50, 20:80, 0: Izilinganiso ezihlukene ze-100 zixutshwe ngesivinini se-250 rmp / min ku-21 ° C ye-30 min, futhi izixazululo ezixutshwe ngokugxila okuhlukene kanye nezilinganiso ezahlukene zatholakala. 4.2.2 Ukulungiswa kolwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC/HPS Bheka 3.2.1. 4.2.3 Ukulungiswa kwamaphilisi ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS Bheka isixazululo esilungiselelwe yindlela ku-2.2.1, sebenzisa isikhunta sensimbi engenasici sokucwilisa, bese sisomisa ku-37 ° C.Khipha amaphilisi omisiwe, anqume okweqile, futhi abeke ndawonye ukwakha umbhangqwana. 4.2.4 Isibonakhulu sefilimu esiyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS 4.2.4.1 Izimiso Zokuhlaziya I-Optical Microscopy I-optical microscope isebenzisa isimiso sokubona sokukhulisa isithombe ngelensi eyi-convex, futhi isebenzisa amalensi aguqukayo amabili ukuze inwebise i-engeli yokuvula yezinto ezincane eziseduze emehlweni, futhi yandise usayizi wezinto ezincane ezingenakubonwa ngeso lomuntu. kuze kube yilapho ubukhulu bezinto bubonakala ngeso lomuntu. 4.2.4.2 Indlela yokuhlola Izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPMC/HPS zokugxila okuhlukene kanye nezilinganiso ezihlanganisiwe zikhishwe ku-21 °C, zehliswa esilayidini sengilazi, zaphonswa ungqimba oluncane, futhi zomiswa ezingeni lokushisa elifanayo.Amafilimu agcotshwe ngesisombululo se-iodine esingu-1% (i-1 g ye-iodine kanye ne-10 g ye-potassium iodide afakwa ku-100-mL ye-volumetric flask, futhi yancibilika ku-ethanol), yafakwa endaweni yesibonakhulu esikhanyayo ukuze ibukwe futhi ithathwe izithombe. 4.2.5 Ukudlulisa ukukhanya kwefilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS 4.2.5.1 Ukuhlaziya Isimiso se-UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Okufanayo ne-3.2.3.1. 4.2.5.1 Indlela yokuhlola Bheka 3.2.3.2. 4.2.6 Izakhiwo eziqinile zamafilimu ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS 4.2.6.1 Isimiso sokuhlaziywa kwempahla okwenziwe tensile Okufanayo ne-3.2.3.1. 4.2.6.1 Indlela yokuhlola Amasampula ahlolwe ngemva kokulinganisa kumswakama ongu-73% amahora angama-48.Bheka 3.2.3.2 ukuze uthole indlela yokuhlola. 4.3 Imiphumela Nezingxoxo 4.3.1 Ukubhekwa kwezinto obala zomkhiqizo Umfanekiso 4-1 ubonisa amafilimu adliwayo namaphilisi alungiswe ngokuhlanganisa i-HPMC ne-HPS ngesilinganiso sokuhlanganisa esingu-70:30.Njengoba kungabonakala kulokho, imikhiqizo inokubonakala okuhle, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC ne-HPS zinama-indices afanayo, futhi i-homegeneineous compouse ingatholwa ngemuva kokuhlanganisa lezi ezimbili. 4.3.2 Izithombe ze-microscope ze-Optical of HPMC / HPS ngaphambi nangemva kokubala Umdwebo 4-2 Ubonisa i-morphology ejwayelekile ngaphambi nangemva kokudaya kwe-HPMC / HPS izakhiwo ezinezilinganiso ezihlukile ezihlanganisiwe ezabonwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu esibonakalayo.Njengoba kungabonakala emfanekisweni, kunzima ukuhlukanisa isigaba se-HPMC kanye nesigaba se-HPS kusibalo esingenabala;I-HPMC ehlanzekile ehlanganisiwe kanye nama-HPS amsulwa akhombisa imibala yawo eyingqayizivele, okuyinga ngoba ukusabela kwe-HPS ne-iodine nge-iodine ukulimaza umbala wayo kuba mnyama.Ngakho-ke, izigaba ezimbili ezinhlelweni ze-HPMC / HPS zimane nje zihlukaniswe ngokucacile, okuthi enye ifakazela ukuthi i-HPMC ne-HPS azikwazi ukungazi kahle futhi azikwazi ukwakha i-compactoous.Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kuMfanekiso, njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-HPS kukhuphuka, indawo yendawo emnyama (isigaba se-HPS) esithombeni iqhubeka yanda njengoba bekulindelekile, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhanjiswa kabusha kwesigaba ezimbili kwenzeka phakathi nale nqubo.Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kuphakeme kune-40%, i-HPMC iveza isimo sesigaba esiqhubekayo, futhi i-HPS ihlakazeka esigabeni esiqhubekayo se-HPMC njengesigaba esihlakazekile.Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kuphansi kune-40%, i-HPS iveza isimo sesigaba esiqhubekayo, futhi i-HPMC ihlakazeka esigabeni esiqhubekayo se-HPS njengesigaba esihlakazekile.Ngakho-ke, kukhambi le-5% hpmc / hps HPMC / HPS, ngokuqukethwe okukhulayo kwe-HPS, okwenzekile lapho isilinganiso se-HPMC / HPS 40:560.Isigaba esiqhubekayo sishintsha kusuka esigabeni sokuqala se-HPMC esigabeni sakamuva se-HPS.Ngokubheka ukwakheka kwesigaba, kungabonakala ukuthi isigaba se-HPMC ku-matrix ye-HPS siyindilinga ngemva kokuhlakazwa, kuyilapho ukwakheka okuhlakazekile kwesigaba se-HPS ku-matrix ye-HPMC kungavamile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubala isilinganiso sendawo yendawo enombala okhanyayo (HPMC) endaweni enombala omnyama (HPS) kwi-HPMC / HPS iyinkimbinkimbi ngemuva kodaya (ngaphandle kokubheka isimo se-mesopha), kwatholakala ukuthi indawo I-HPMC (umbala okhanyayo)/HPS (umbala omnyama) esithombeni Isilinganiso sihlala sikhulu kunesilinganiso sangempela esiyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS.Ukwenza isibonelo, emgqonyeni wezinhlamvu ze-HPMC / HPS Compound ngesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe esingu-50: 50, indawo ye-HPS endaweni ye-Interphase ayibalwa, futhi isilinganiso sendawo elula / emnyama ngu-71/29.Lo mphumela uqinisekisa ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lama-mesophase ohlelweni oluyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa i-polymer ezihambisana ngokugcwele azivamile ngoba ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa i-polymer, ukushisa kokuhlanganisa kuvame ukuba kuhle futhi i-entropy yokuhlanganisa ngokuvamile ishintsha kancane, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele amandla amahhala ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kube yinani elihle.Kodwa-ke, ohlelweni lwenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS, i-HPMC ne-HPS basathembisa ukukhombisa izinga elikhulu lokuhambisana, ngoba i-HPMC ne-HPS zombili ziyi-hydrophilic polysaccharides, zineyunithi yesakhiwo efanayo - i-glucose, futhi idlula iqembu elifanayo elisebenzayo liguqulwa i-hydroxypropyl.Ukwenzeka kwama-mesophase amaningi ohlelweni lwenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS kuphinde kukhombise ukuthi i-HPMC ne-HPS kunhlanganisela inezinga elithile lokuhambisana, futhi kwenzeka into efanayo ohlelweni lwe-starch-polyvinyl alcohol blend ene-plasticizer eyengeziwe.wabuye wavela [339]. 4.3.3 Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-microscopic morphology kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic zesistimu ehlanganisiwe Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-morphology, into yokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, ukucaca kanye nezindawo zemishini zohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Composite lwafundwa ngokuningiliziwe.Umfanekiso 4-3 ubonisa umthelela wokuqukethwe kwe-HPS kuzakhiwo ze-macroscopic njengokusobala kanye ne-tensile modulus yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC/HPS.Kungabonakala kusuka ekubonakaleni kwe-HPMC ehlanzekile kuphakeme kunalokho kwe-HPS emsulwa, ikakhulukazi ngoba ukuthandwa kabusha kwe-starch kunciphisa ukucaca kwe-HPS, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-hydroxypropyl kuyisizathu esibalulekile sokwehliswa kokubikwa kwe I-HPS [340, 341].Ingatholakala kusuka kwisibalo sokuthi ukudluliselwa kohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Compact kuzoba nenani elincane ngomehluko wokuqukethwe kwe-HPS.Ukudluliswa kwesistimu eyinhlanganisela, ebangeni lokuqukethwe kwe-HPS ngaphansi kwama-70%, kuyandait yehla ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS;uma okuqukethwe kwe-HPS kweqa u-70%, kuyanda ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS.Lesi simo sisho ukuthi uhlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Compound lungabonakali, ngoba into yokuhlukanisa yesigaba iholela ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa kokukhanya.Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-modulus yoMncane yohlelo lwe-Compouc nayo ivele iphuzu eliphansi ngezilinganiso ezihlukile, futhi i-modulus yoSout yaqhubeka yehla ngokuqukethwe kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, futhi yafinyelela endaweni ephansi lapho okuqukethwe kwe-HPS.I-modulus yaqhubeka ikhula, futhi i-modulus yanda kancane.I-modulus ye-Young ye-HPMC / HPS Compound Systel ikhombise inani elincane, elibonisa nokuthi uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwaluwuhlelo olungabonakali.Iphuzu eliphansi kakhulu lokudluliselwa kokukhanya kwe-HPMC / HPS Compound Systel lihambisana ne-Phase Transition Point yeSigaba esiqhubekayo se-HPMC esigabeni esihlakazekile kanye nenani eliphansi kakhulu le-modulus ye-modulus ye-FRICE 4-2. 4.3.4 Umphumela wokuhlushwa kwesixazululo kwi-microscopic morphology yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe Umfanekiso 4-4 ubonisa umphumela wokugxilisa isixazululo ku-morphology kanye noshintsho lwesigaba sohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC/HPS.Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kuMfanekiso, okuqoqwa okuphansi kwe-3% HPMC / HPS Compound System, esilinganisweni esihlanganisiwe se-HPMC / HPS kungu-40: 60, ukubukeka kwesakhiwo esiqhubekayo singabhekwa;kuyilapho ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwesisombululo esingu-7%, lesi sakhiwo esiqhubekayo sibonwa esithombeni ngesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe esingu-50:50.Lo mphumela ukhombisa ukuthi iphuzu lokuguqula lesigaba le-HPMC / HPS Compound linokuncika okuthile okuhlangene, kanye ne-HPMC / HPS Compound Ratiotion yoshintsho lwesigaba inyuka ngokuhlushwa kwesisombululo sekhambi, futhi i-HPS ivame ukwakha isigaba esiqhubekayo ..Ukwengeza, izizinda ze-HPS ezihlakazekile esigabeni esiqhubekayo se-HPMC zibonise ukubunjwa okufanayo kanye ne-morphologies ngokushintsha kokugxila;kuyilapho i-HPMC ihlakaza izigaba ezihlakazekile esigabeni esiqhubekayo se-HPS ibonise ubujamo obuhlukene kanye ne-morphologyes ekugxilweni okuhlukene.futhi ngokwanda kokugxila kwesixazululo, indawo yokusabalalisa ye-HPMC yaba ngokungavamile.Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ukuthi i-viscosity yesisombululo se-HPS siphakeme kakhulu kunalesosixazululo se-HPMC ekushiseni kwegumbi, futhi ukuthambekela kwesigaba se-HPMC ukwakha isimo sengxabano. 4.3.5 Umthelela wokugxila kwesixazululo ezimpahleni zemishini zohlelo oluyingxube Ihambelana ne-morphologies ka-Fig. 4-4, Fig. 4-5 ikhombisa izakhiwo ezishukumisayo zamafilimu ahlanganisiwe akhiwa ngaphansi kwezixazululo ezihlukile zokuhlushwa.Kungabonakala esifanekisweni sokuthi i-modulus ye-vesves kanye ne-elongation yohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS composite zivame ukwehla ngokuhlupheka kwesixazululo, okuhambisana noguquko oluqhubekayo lwe-HPMC kusuka esigabeni esisatshalalisiwe kuMfanekiso 4 -4.I-microscopic morphology iyahambisana.Njengoba modulus ye-modulus ye-homopolymer ye-HPMC iphakeme kunaleyo ye-HPS, kubikezelwa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-modulus lwe-HPMC / HPS lwe-HPS luzothuthukiswa lapho i-HPMC iyisigaba esiqhubekayo. 4.4 Isifinyezo salesi sahluko Kulesi sahluko, izixazululo zekhompiyutha ze-HPMC/HPS namafilimu ayinhlanganisela anokugxiliswa okuhlukene kanye nezilinganiso ezihlanganisiwe zalungiswa, futhi i-microscopic morphology kanye noshintsho lwesigaba sohlelo lwekhompiyutha lwe-HPMC/HPS lwabonwa ngokuhlaziywa kwe-optical microscope ye-iodine staining ukuhlukanisa izigaba zesitashi.Ukudluliswa kokukhanya kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zefilimu eyinhlanganisela edliwayo ye-HPMC/HPS kwacwaningwa yi-UV-vis spectrophotometer kanye nesihloli sempahla esisebenza ngomshini, futhi imiphumela yokugxilisa okuhlukene kanye nezilinganiso ezihlanganisiwe ezimpahleni zokubona kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zesistimu yokuhlanganisa zacwaningwa.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesakhiwo se-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo ezinkulu ze-HPMC/HPS uhlelo lwekhompiyutha lwasungulwa ngokuhlanganisa i-microstructure yesistimu eyinhlanganisela, njenge-microstructure, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic ezifana nezakhiwo ze-optical kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.Okutholakele okuyinhloko imi kanje: Ngamafuphi, izakhiwo ze-macroscopic zohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS composite zihlobene kakhulu nokwakheka kwalo kwe-microscopic morphological, ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba nezinye izinto zezinhlanganisela kungalawulwa ngokulawula ukwakheka kwesigaba nokuhambisana kwenhlanganisela uhlelo. Isahluko 5 Ithonya le-HPS Hydroxypropyll Ukufakwa esikhundleni sezakhiwo ze-Rheological of HPMC / HPS Compound System Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinguquko ezincane ezakhiweni zamakhemikhali zesitashi zingaholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezakhiwo zayo ze-rheological.Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kunikeza amathuba okuthuthuka nokulawula izakhiwo zesimbozo zemikhiqizo esekwe esitashweni.Ngokulandelayo, ukwazi kahle ithonya lesakhiwo samakhemikhali esitashi ezimpahleni zayo ze-rheological kungaqonda kangcono izakhiwo zesakhiwo semikhiqizo esekelwe isitashi, futhi kunikeze isisekelo sokuklanywa kwezitashi eziguquliwe ezinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zokusebenza kwesitashi [235].I-Hydroxypropyl starch iyisitashi esiguquliwe esisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokudla nomuthi.Imvamisa ilungiselelwe ukusabela kokusheshisa kwesitashi sendabuko nge-propelene oxide ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline.IHydroxypropyl yiqembu le-hydrophilic.Ukwethulwa kwalawa maqembu ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana esitashi kunganqamula noma kwenze buthaka izibopho ze-hydrogen ze-intramolecular ezigcina ukwakheka kwe-starch granule.Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ze-physicochemical of isitashi se-hydroxypropyl zihlobene nezinga lokufakwa esikhundleni kwamaqembu e-hydroxypropyl kuketango layo lamangqamuzana [233, 235, 343, 344]. Izifundo eziningi ziphenye umphumela wokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyll degree ezingxenyeni ze-phydroxypropylyl.Han et al.wafunda imiphumela ye-hydroxypropylyl waxy starch kanye ne-hydroxypropyl cornstarch kwisakhiwo kanye nezimpawu zokubuyisa izici zamakhekhe elayisi laseKorea.Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-hydroxypropylation inganciphisa izinga lokushisa kwe-gelatinization yesitashi futhi ithuthukise umthamo wokubamba amanzi wesitashi.ukusebenza, futhi kwavimbela kakhulu ukuguga kwesitashi kumaqebelengwane erayisi aseKorea [345].Kaur et al.wafunda umphumela wokushintsha i-hydroxypropyl ezicini ze-physicochemical zezinhlobo ezahlukene zesitashi samazambane, futhi wathola ukuthi izinga le-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni sesitashi samazambane liyahlukahluka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, kanye nomphumela walo ezimpahleni zesitashi ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinkulu Okubaluleke nakakhulu;ukusabela kwe-hydroxypropylation kubangela izingcezu eziningi nemifantu ebusweni bezinhlayiya zesitashi;Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-hydroxypropyl kungathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zokuvuvukala, ukuncibilika kwamanzi kanye nokuncibilika kwesitashi ku-dimethyl sulfoxide, futhi kuthuthukise isitashi ukubonakala kwe-paste [346].Lawal et al.wafunda umphumela we-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni sezakhiwo zesitashi sikabhatata.Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ngemva kokuguqulwa kwe-hydroxypropyl, umthamo wamahhala wokuvuvukala kanye nokuncibilika kwamanzi kwesitashi kwathuthukiswa;ukubuyiswa kabusha kwesitashi somdabu kwavinjwa;Ukugaya kuyathuthukiswa [347].Schmitz et al.walungisa isitashi se-hydroxypropyl tapioca futhi wasithola sinamandla okuvuvukala aphezulu kanye ne-viscosity, izinga eliphansi lokuguga, kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu kweqhwa [344]. Kodwa-ke, kunezifundo ezimbalwa ezingxenyeni zesigqoko se-hydroxypropyll, kanye nemiphumela yokuguqulwa kwe-hydroxypropyl ngezindawo zeRheological kanye ne-gel Properties yezinhlelo ze-Starch-based Compound zibikwe kuze kube manje.Chun et al.wafunda i-rheology ye-low-concentration (5%) isixazululo se-hydroxypropyl rice isitashi.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi umphumela wokuguqulwa kwe-hydroxypropyl ku-viscoelasticity eqinile futhi eguquguqukayo yesisombululo sesitashi yayihlobene nezinga lokushintshwa, futhi inani elincane lokushintshwa kwe-hydroxypropyl Propyl lingashintsha kakhulu izakhiwo ze-rheological zezixazululo zesitashi;i-viscosity coefficient ye-starch solutions iyancipha ngokunyuka kwe-substitution degree, futhi ukuncika kwezinga lokushisa kwezakhiwo zayo ze-rheological kuyanda ngokwanda kwe-hydroxypropyl substitution degree.Inani liyancipha ngezinga elikhulayo lokushintshwa [342].Lee et al.wafunda umphumela we-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni sezakhiwo zomzimba kanye nezakhiwo ze-rheological zesitashi sikabhatata, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ikhono lokuvuvukala nokuncibilika kwamanzi kwesitashi kwanda ngokunyuka kwezinga le-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni;Inani le-enthalpy liyancipha ngokunyuka kwe-hydroxypropyl substitution degree;i-viscosity coefficient, i-viscosity eyinkimbinkimbi, ukucindezeleka kwesivuno, i-viscosity eyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-modulus eguquguqukayo yesisombululo sesitashi konke kuncipha ngokunyuka kwe-hydroxypropyl substitution degree, inkomba yoketshezi kanye nesici sokulahlekelwa Ikhula ngezinga lokushintshwa kwe-hydroxypropyl;Amandla we-gel we-starch glue ayancipha, ukuqina kweqhwa kwe-free-thaw kukhuphuka, futhi umphumela we-syneresic wehla [235]. Kulesi sahluko, umphumela we-HPS Hydroxyproppropyls Ukufakwa kwezilinganiso ezingcupheni zeRheological kanye ne-gel Properties ye-HPMC / HPS ebandayo kanye ne-Hot Gel Compact System yafundwa.Isimo soshintsho sibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni okujulile kobudlelwano phakathi kokwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo ze-rheological.Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ye-gelation yohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Reverse-Cool-Compling System yayixoxwa ngayo ngokujwayelekile, ukuze inikeze ukuholwa okuthile kwethiyori kwezinye izinhlelo ezifanayo ze-gel-epholile ngokushisa. 5.1 Izimpahla kanye Nezisetshenziswa 5.1.1 Izinto zokuhlola eziyinhloko 5.1.2 Amathuluzi nemishini emikhulu 5.2 Indlela yokuhlola 5.2.1 Ukulungiswa kwezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe 15% izixazululo zekhompiyutha ze-HPMC/HPS ezinezilinganiso ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa (100/0, 50/50, 0/100) kanye ne-HPS enamadigri e-hydroxypropyl substitution ahlukene (G80, A939, A1081) alungiswa.Izindlela zokulungiselela ze-A1081, A939, HPMC kanye nezixazululo zabo ezihlanganisiwe kukhonjiswa ku-2.2.1.I-G80 kanye nezixazululo zayo ezihlanganisiwe ne-HPMC zifakwa nge-gelatinized ngokunyakaziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingu-1500psi kanye no-110°C ku-autoclave, ngoba isitashi se-G80 Native sine-amylose ephezulu (80%), futhi izinga lokushisa layo le-gelatinization lingaphezu kuka-100 °C, elingakwazi kufinyelelwe yindlela yasekuqaleni yokugeza yamanzi ye-gelatinization [348]. 5.2.2 Izakhiwo ze-Rheological zezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPMC/HPS ezinamadigri ahlukene okufaka esikhundleni se-HPS hydroxypropyl 5.2.2.1 Umgomo wokuhlaziya i-rheological Kuyafana nokuthi 2.2.2.1 5.2.2.2 Indlela yokuhlola imodi yokugeleza Kwasetshenziswa i-parallel plate clamp enobubanzi obungu-60 mm, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwamapuleti kwakusethwe ku-1 mm. 5.2.2.3 Indlela yokuhlola imodi ye-oscillation Kwasetshenziswa ipuleti elihambisanayo elinobubanzi obungu-60 mm, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwamapuleti kwakusethwe ku-1 mm. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesitoreji se-modulus g 'kanye nokulahlekelwa modulus g "yesisombululo se-polymer kanye nokuvama kwe-angular ω kulandela umthetho wamandla: lapho n 'futhi n "imithambeka ye-log g'-log ω no-log g" -log ω, ngokulandelana; I-G0′ kanye ne-G0″ yizindlela zokunqamula ilogi G′-log ω kanye ne-log G″-log ω, ngokulandelana. 5.2.3 IMicroscope Ebonakalayo 5.2.3.1 Isimiso sezinsimbi Ngokufanayo 4.2.3.1 5.2.3.2 Indlela yokuhlola I-3% 5: 5 HPMC / HPS comple solution yathathwa emazingeni okushisa ahlukene ka-25 ° C, 45 ° C, no-85 ° C, wehla kwisilayidi sengilazi egcinwe emazingeni okushisa afanayo, futhi aphonsele ifilimu elincanyana.Isixazululo se-Layer futhi somile ekushiseni okufanayo.Amafilimu anamabala ngesixazululo esingu-1% iodine, abekwe emkhakheni wezinto eziyi-microscope ezilula zokubuka nezithombe. 5.3 Imiphumela Nezingxoxo 5.3.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwephethini ye-viscosity kanye nokugeleza 5.3.1.1 Indlela yokuhlola yokugeleza ngaphandle kwe-Pre-shear ne-Thixotropic Ring Thixotropy Kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlola ukugeleza ngaphandle kokugunda kwangaphambili kanye ne-Thixotropic Ring Thixotropic indlela, i-viscoty yekhambi le-HPMC / HPS elihlanganisiwe ngamadigri ahlukile we-Hydroxypropylylylylyl vps afundwayo.Imiphumela ikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 5-1.Kungabonakala esibalweni ukuthi i-viscosity yawo wonke amasampula ibonisa inkambiso enciphayo ngokunyuka kwezinga lokugunda ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla okugunda, okubonisa izinga elithile lesenzakalo sokuncipha kwe-shear.Iningi lezixazululo ze-polymer ezigxile kakhulu noma ezincibilikayo zithola ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile nokuhlelwa kabusha kwamangqamuzana ngaphansi kwe-shear, ngaleyo ndlela kukhombisa ukuziphatha kwe-pseudoplastic fluid [305, 349, 350].Kodwa-ke, amadigri okunciphisa ama-shear ezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPMC/HPS ze-HPS ezinamadigri e-hydroxypropyl ahlukile ahlukile. Fig. 5-1 Viscosities vs. shear rate of the HPS/HPMC solution with different hydropropyl substitution degree of HPS (ngaphandle kokugunda kwangaphambili, izimpawu eziqinile nezingenalutho ziveza izinga elikhulayo kanye nenqubo yezinga elinciphayo, ngokulandelana) Kungabonwa ngesibalo ukuthi i-viscosity nedigri yokuncipha kwe-shear yesampula ye-HPS emsulwa iphakeme kunaleyo yesampula yenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS, kuyilapho idigri yokuncipha kwe-shear yesixazululo se-HPMC iphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi i-viscosity ye-HPS Emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho kwe-HPMC.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusixazululo esiyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS enesilinganiso esiyinhlanganisela esifanayo, i-viscosity iyanda nge-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree.Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi ukungezwa kwamaqembu e-hydroxypropyl kuma-molecule esitashi kwephula izibopho ze-hydrogen ze-intermolecular futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekuhlakazweni kwama-starch granules.I-Hydroxypropylation yanciphisa kakhulu isimo sokuncipha kwe-shear sesitashi, futhi ukuncipha kwe-shear kwesitashi somdabu kwaba sobala kakhulu.Ngokwanda okuqhubekayo kokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyll degree, izinga lokuncipha kwama-vear we-HPS lincipha kancane kancane. Wonke amasampuli anezindandatho ze-thixotropic ku-shear stress-shear rate curve, okubonisa ukuthi wonke amasampuli anezinga elithile le-thixotropy.Amandla e-thixotropic amelwe ubukhulu bendawo yendandatho ye-thixotropic.Isampula ye-thixotropic kakhulu [351].Inkomba yokugeleza n ne-viscosity coefficient K yesixazululo sesampula ingabalwa ngomthetho wamandla we-Ostwald-de Waele (bona isibalo (2-1)). Ithebula 5-1 Inkomba ye-Flow behavior (n) kanye ne-fluid consistency index (K) ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezinga kanye nenqubo yesilinganiso sokuncipha kanye nendawo eyiluphu ye-thixotropy yesisombululo se-HPS/HPMC ene-hydropropyl substitution degree ehlukile ye-HPS ku-25 °C Ithebula 5-1 libonisa inkomba yokugeleza n, i-viscosity coefficient K kanye nendawo yeringi ye-thixotropic yezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPMC/HPS ezinamadigri ahlukene we-HPS yokushintshanisa i-hydroxypropyl ohlelweni lokukhulisa ukugunda nokunciphisa ukugunda.Kungabonakala kuthebula ukuthi inkomba yokugeleza n yawo wonke amasampuli ingaphansi kuka-1, okubonisa ukuthi zonke izixazululo zesampula ziwuketshezi lwe-pseudoplastic.Ngohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC/HPS ene-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree efanayo, inkomba yokugeleza n iyanda ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, okubonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kwenza isixazululo esiyinhlanganisela sibonise izici eziqinile zoketshezi lwe-Newtonian.Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, i-viscosity coefficient K yehla ngokuqhubekayo, okubonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kunciphise i-viscosity yesisombululo senhlanganisela, ngoba i-viscosity coefficient K yayilingana ne-viscosity.Inani elingu-n kanye nenani le-K le-HPS emsulwa enamadigri ahlukile e-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni sesiteji esikhuphukayo sokugunda kokubili kwehle ngokunyuka kwe-hydroxypropyl substitution degree, okubonisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-hydroxypropylation kungathuthukisa i-pseudoplasticity yesitashi futhi kunciphise i-Viscosity yezixazululo zesitashi.Ngokuphambene nalokho, inani le-n liyakhula ngokukhuphuka kwedigri yokushintsha esigabeni esinciphayo sokugunda, okubonisa ukuthi i-hydroxypropylation ithuthukisa ukuziphatha kwe-Newtonian fluid yesixazululo ngemva kokugunda ngesivinini esikhulu.Inani elingu-n kanye nevelu ye-K yesistimu ehlanganisiwe ye-HPMC/HPS kuthintwa yi-HPS hydroxypropylation ne-HPMC, okube umphumela wesenzo sabo esihlanganisiwe.Uma kuqhathaniswa nesigaba sokugunda esandayo, amanani n wawo wonke amasampula esigabeni sokugunda esinciphayo aba makhulu, kuyilapho amanani e-K aba mancane, okubonisa ukuthi i-viscosity yesisombululo esiyinhlanganisela yehliswa ngemuva kokugunda ngesivinini esikhulu, Ukuziphatha kukaFluid eNewtonia kwesisombululo se-Compound kwathuthukiswa.. Indawo yendandatho ye-thixotropic yehla ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, okubonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-HPMC kunciphise i-thixotropy yesisombululo senhlanganisela futhi kwathuthukisa ukuzinza kwayo.Ngesixazululo senhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS enesilinganiso esifanayo sokuhlanganisa, indawo yeringi ye-thixotropic iyancipha ngokunyuka kwe-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, okubonisa ukuthi i-hydroxypropylation ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-HPS. 5.3.1.2 Indlela yokugunda ngendlela yangaphambi kokusika kanye ne-Thixotropic ye-Thixotropic Indlela yokugunda ene-pre-shear yayisetshenziselwa ukutadisha ukuguqulwa kwe-viscosity ye-HPMC/HPS isixazululo esihlanganisiwe esinamadigri ahlukene we-HPS ye-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni se-shear rate.Imiphumela ikhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 5-2.Kungabonakala esifanekisweni sokuthi isixazululo se-HPMC sibonisa cishe ukuncipha kwe-shear, kanti amanye amasampula ekhombisa ukuncipha kwe-shear.Lokhu kuyahambisana nemiphumela etholwe ngendlela yokugunda ngaphandle kokugunda kwangaphambili.Kungabonakala futhi kusuka kuMdwebo wokuthi ngamanani aphansi we-shear, isampula ebekiwe ye-hydroxypropyl ebonakalayo ekhombisa isifunda sethafa. I-Fig. 5-2 Viscosities vs Izinga le-vs I-viscosity ye-zero-shear (h0), inkomba yokugeleza (n) kanye ne-viscosity coefficient (K) etholwe ngokufaka iboniswa kuThebula 5-2.Kuthebula, singabona ukuthi kumasampula e-HPS amsulwa, amanani n atholwe yizo zombili izindlela akhuphuka ngezinga lokushintshana, okubonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha okuqinile kwesixazululo sesitashi kuncipha njengoba izinga lokushintsha likhula.Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, amanani we-n wonke abonise ukuthambekela okuphansi, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC yehlise ukuziphatha okuqinile kwesixazululo.Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlaziya ikhwalithi yalezi zindlela ezimbili iyahambisana. Qhathanisa imininingwane etholwe ngesampula efanayo ngaphansi kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola, itholakala ukuthi inani le-n elitholwe ngemuva kokugunda kwangaphambili lihlala likhulu kunalokho okutholakele, okubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwenhlanganisela olutholwe yi-pre-shearing Indlela -Shearing iyindlela eqinile yokuziphatha iphansi kunalokho okulinganiswe yindlela ngaphandle kokugunda kwangaphambili.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umphumela wokugcina otholwe ekuhlolweni ngaphandle kwe-pre-shear empeleni uwumphumela wesenzo esihlanganisiwe sezinga lokugunda kanye nesikhathi sokugunda, kuyilapho indlela yokuhlola nge-pre-shear kuqala iqeda umphumela we-thixotropic ngokushefa okuphezulu isikhathi esithile. isikhathi.Ngakho-ke, le ndlela inganquma ngokunembile ukuncipha kwe-shear incinyana yesikhathi kanye nezimpawu zokugeleza kohlelo lokuhlanganisa. Kusuka etafuleni, singabona futhi ukuthi ngesilinganiso esifanayo sokuhlanganisa (5:5), inani le-n lesistimu yokuhlanganisa liseduze no-1, futhi i-pre-sheared n ikhuphuka ngezinga lokushintshwa kwe-hydroxypropyl Kubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC isigaba esiqhubekayo ohlelweni lwenhlanganisela, futhi i-HPMC inomphumela onamandla kumasampula esitashi anedigri ephansi ye-hydroxypropyl substitution, ehambisana nomphumela wokuthi inani le-n liyakhuphuka ngokukhuphuka kwedigri yokushintsha ngaphandle kokugunda kwangaphambili ngokuphambene nalokho.Amanani we-K wezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe anamazinga ahlukene okushintshana kulezi zindlela ezimbili ayafana, futhi akukho mkhuba osobala, kuyilapho i-viscosity ye-zero-shear ibonisa ukuthambekela okucacile okuya phansi, ngoba i-viscosity ye-zero-shear izimele ngaphandle kwe-shear. isilinganiso.I-intrinsic viscosity ingabonisa ngokunembile izakhiwo zento ngokwayo. Umdwebo 5-3 I-thixotropy yezikhawu ezintathu yesisombululo senhlanganisela ye-HPS/HPMC enedigri ehlukile ye-hydropropyl esikhundleni se-HPS Indlela ye-thixotropic enezigaba ezintathu yasetshenziselwa ukutadisha umphumela wamazinga ahlukene we-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl isitashi kuzakhiwo ze-thixotropic zesistimu ye-compound.Kungabonakala ku-Figure 5-3 ukuthi esigabeni esiphansi se-shear, i-viscosity yesisombululo iyancipha ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, futhi iyancipha ngokunyuka kwe-substitution degree, ehambisana nomthetho we-zero shear viscosity. Izinga lokubuyiswa kwesakhiwo ngemva kwesikhathi esihlukile esigabeni sokubuyisela liboniswa izinga lokubuyisela i-viscosity i-DSR, futhi indlela yokubala iboniswa ku-2.3.2.Kungabonakala kuThebula 5-2 ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo sokutakula, i-DSR ye-HPS ehlanzekile iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-HPMC ehlanzekile, ikakhulukazi ngoba i-molecule ye-HPMC iyiketanga eliqinile, futhi isikhathi sayo sokuphumula sifushane, futhi isakhiwo singatholakala ngesikhathi esifushane.lulama.Ngenkathi i-HPS iyi-chain eguquguqukayo, isikhathi sayo sokuphumula yinde, futhi ukululama kwesakhiwo kuthatha isikhathi eside.Ngokukhula kwe-substitution degree, i-DSR ye-HPS ehlanzekile iyancipha ngokukhula kwe-substitution degree, okubonisa ukuthi i-hydroxypropylation ithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwe-starch chain molecule futhi yenza isikhathi sokuphumula se-HPS sibe side.I-DSR yesisombululo esiyinhlanganisela iphansi kunaleyo ye-HPS emsulwa namasampula e-HPMC amsulwa, kodwa ngokwanda kwedigri yokufaka esikhundleni se-HPS hydroxypropyl, i-DSR yesampula eyinhlanganisela iyanda, okubonisa ukuthi i-thixotropy yohlelo lwekhompiyutha iyanda ukwanda kokushintshwa kwe-HPS hydroxypropyl.Kwehla ngezinga elikhulayo lokufakwa esikhundleni se-radical, elihambisana nemiphumela ngaphandle kokugunda kwangaphambili. Ithebula 5-2 I-Zero shear viscosity (h0), inkomba yokuziphatha kokugeleza (n), inkomba yokuvumelana koketshezi (K) ngesikhathi esikhulayo kanye nezinga lokubuyiswa kwesakhiwo (DSR) ngemva kwesikhathi esithile sokululama sesisombululo se-HPS/HPMC nge-hydropropyl ehlukile i-substitution degree ye-HPS ku-25 °C Ngokufundwa, ukuhlolwa okuqinile kombuso ngaphandle kokugunda kwangaphambili kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Thixotropic ring twixotropy kungahlaziya kahle amasampula ahlukile ngokungezwani kwama-hpPS hydroxyproppropyly ahlukile kwemiphumela yocwaningo yekhambi aphikisana nalo Imiphumela yangempela, ngoba idatha elinganisiwe yimiphumela ephelele yethonya lezinga le-Shear kanye nesikhathi sokugunda, futhi alikwazi ukukhombisa ngokweqiniso ithonya lokuguquguquka okukodwa. 5.3.2 Isifunda esinomugqa we-viscoelastic Kwaziwa kahle ukuthi kuma-hydrogel, i-modulus yokugcina i-G′ inqunywa ubulukhuni, amandla kanye nenombolo yamaketanga e-molecular asebenzayo, futhi i-modulus yokulahlekelwa engu-G′ inqunywa ukufuduka, ukunyakaza nokungqubuzana kwama-molecule amancane namaqembu asebenzayo. .Kunqunywa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungqubuzana okufana nokudlidliza nokujikeleza.Ukuba khona kwesibonakaliso sokuhlangana kwesitoreji se-modulus g 'kanye nokulahlekelwa modulus g "(okusho. Tan δ = 1).Inguquko kusuka kusixazululo se-GEL ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Gel Point.Imodulus yesitoreji G′ kanye nemodulus G″ kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukutadisha ukuziphatha kwe-gelation, izinga lokubunjwa kanye nezakhiwo zesakhiwo senethiwekhi yejeli [352].Bangakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo bangaphakathi kanye nokwakheka kwamangqamuzana ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gel.[353]. Umfanekiso 5-4 ubonisa amajika obunzima bezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPMC/HPS ezinamadigri ahlukene we-HPS yokufaka esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl kumafrikhwensi ka-1 Hz kanye nebanga lobunzima lika-0.01% -100%.Kungabonakala kusuka kuMdwebo wokuthi endaweni ephansi yezenkolo (0.01-1%), wonke amasampula ngaphandle kwe-HPMC yi-G '> g ", ekhombisa isimo sejeli.Ku-HPMC, G 'kusesimweni sonke i-HAMU eguqukayo ihlala ingaphansi kwe-G ", okukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC isesimweni sokulungiselela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncika kokungcola kwe-viscoeliastity amasampula ahlukene ahlukile.Kusampula ye-G80, ukuncika kwemvamisa kwe-viscoelasticity kubonakala kakhulu: lapho ukuwohloka kungaphezu kuka-0.3%, kungabonakala ukuthi u-G' uyancipha kancane kancane, ohambisana nokwanda okukhulu kwe-G”.ukukhuphuka, kanye nokwanda okukhulu kweTan Δ;futhi unqamule lapho inani le-deformation liyi-1.7%, okubonisa ukuthi isakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gel ye-G80 sonakaliswe kakhulu ngemva kokuba inani le-deformation lidlula i-1.7%, futhi lisesimweni sokuxazulula. I-Fig. 5-4 Storage modulus (G′) kanye nemodulus yokulahlekelwa (G″) vs. strain ye-HPS/HPMC ihlangana nedigri ye-HPS ehlukile ye-hydroypropyl (Izimpawu eziqinile nezingenalutho zethula i-G′ ne-G″, ngokulandelana) Fig. 5-5 Tan Δ Δ δ. Δ. Δ. Hlela isixazululo se-HPMC / HPS Swend Ukufakwa esikhundleni se-hydropropyl ehlukile ye-HPS Kungabonakala ngesibalo ukuthi indawo eqondile ye-viscoelastic ye-HPS ehlanzekile ngokusobala inciphile ngokuncipha kwe-hydroxypropyl substitution degree.Ngamanye amazwi, njengoba i-HPS hydroxypropyl degree of substitution ikhula, izinguquko eziphawulekayo ku-tan δ curve zivame ukubonakala ebangeni lenani lokuguquguquka eliphezulu.Ikakhulukazi, indawo eqondile ye-viscoelastic ye-G80 iwumngcingo kuwo wonke amasampuli.Ngakho-ke, isifunda se-viscoelastic eqondile ye-G80 sisetshenziselwa ukunquma Izindlela zokunquma inani lokuguquguquka kwezimo eziguqukayo ochungechungeni olulandelayo lwezivivinyo.Ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC/HPS enesilinganiso esifanayo sokuhlanganisa, indawo eqondile ye-viscoelastic nayo iyancipha ngokuncipha kwedigri ye-HPS esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl, kodwa umphumela onciphayo we-hydroxypropyl substitution degree endaweni eqondile ye-viscoelastic ayibonakali kangako. 5.3.3 Izakhiwo ze-Pincoelastic ngesikhathi sokushisa nokupholisa Izici eziguqukayo ze-viscoelastic ze-HPMC/HPS izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPS ezinamadigri ahlukene okufaka esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 5-6.Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kuMfanekiso, i-HPMC ibonisa izigaba ezine ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa: Isifunda sokuqala sethafa, izigaba ezimbili ezakha ukwakheka, kanye nesifunda sokugcina sethafa.Esigabeni sethafa lokuqala, g ' Lezi zigaba ezine ze-HPMC zibonakala ngokulandelana ngokulandelana okuhlelekile njengoba izinga lokushisa liyancipha.Ukuphambana kwe-G′ kanye no-G″ kushintshela endaweni yokushisa ephansi cishe ku-32 °C phakathi nesigaba sokupholisa, okungenzeka kube ngenxa ye-hysteresis [208] noma umphumela wokujiya weketango ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi [355].Ngokufanayo ne-HPMC, amanye amasampuli ngesikhathi sokushisisa Kukhona nezigaba ezine, futhi into ehlehliswayo yenzeka ngesikhathi sokupholisa.Kodwa-ke, kungabonwa ngesibalo ukuthi i-G80 ne-A939 zibonisa inqubo eyenziwe lula engenakho ukuphambana phakathi kwe-G' ne-G”, futhi ijika le-G80 alibonakali ngisho.Indawo yesikhulumi ngemuva. Ku-HPS emsulwa, izinga eliphezulu lokushintshwa kwe-hydroxypropyl lingashintsha kokubili izinga lokushisa lokuqala nelokugcina lokwakheka kwejeli, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa lokuqala, elingu-61 °C ku-G80, A939, kanye ne-A1081, ngokulandelana., 62 °C no-54 °C.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumasampula e-HPMC/HPS anesilinganiso esifanayo sokuhlanganisa, njengoba izinga lokushintsha likhula, amanani we-G′ kanye no-G″ womabili avame ukwehla, okuhambisana nemiphumela yezifundo zangaphambilini [357, 358].Njengoba izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni senyuka, ukuthungwa kwejeli kuyathamba.Ngakho-ke, i-hydroxyproppylineration iqhekeza ukwakheka okuyalwa kwesitashi sendabuko futhi ithuthukise i-hydrophicility yayo [343]. Kumasampuli ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS, kokubili i-G′ kanye ne-G″ yehle ngokukhuphuka kwe-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree, ebihambisana nemiphumela ye-HPS emsulwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokufakwa kwe-HPMC, ukufakwa esikhundleni kwaba nomphumela obalulekile ku-G 'umphumela nge-G "kubangelwa kancane. Amajika e-viscoelastic awo wonke amasampula ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS abonise ukuthambekela okufanayo, okuhambisana ne-HPS ekushiseni okuphansi kanye ne-HPMC ekushiseni okuphezulu.Ngamanye amazwi, ekushiseni okuphansi, i-HPS ibusa izakhiwo ze-viscoelastic zesistimu ehlanganisiwe, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu i-HPMC inquma izakhiwo ze-viscoelastic zesistimu ehlanganisiwe.Lo mphumela uhlobene kakhulu ne-HPMC.Ikakhulu, i-HPS yijeli ebandayo, eshintsha kusuka esimweni sejeli esimweni sokuxazulula lapho kufuthelwa;Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-HPMC iyi-gel eshisayo, eyakha kancane kancane ijeli ngesakhiwo senethiwekhi yokushisa yokushisa.Kuhlelo lwenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS, ekushiseni okuphansi, izakhiwo zejeli zesistimu ehlanganisiwe zinikelwa ngokuyinhloko yijeli ebandayo ye-HPS, futhi ekushiseni okuphezulu, emazingeni okushisa afudumele, i-gelation ye-HPMC ibusa ohlelweni lwe-compound. I-Fig. 5-6 Isitoreji modulus (G '), ukulahleka modulus (g ") kanye ne-tan Δ v. Ukushisa kwe-HPS / HPMC Blend Solution ngesisombululo esihlukile se-Hydroypropyl degree nge-HPS I-modulus yohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS composite, njengoba bekulindelekile, kuphakathi kwe-moduli ye-HPMC emsulwa kanye ne-HPS emsulwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lubonisa i-G′ > G″ kulo lonke uhla lokuskena kwezinga lokushisa, okubonisa ukuthi kokubili i-HPMC ne-HPS zingakha amabhondi e-hydrogen e-intermolecular nama-molecule wamanzi, ngokulandelana, futhi angakha amabhondi e-hydrogen ahlanganayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ejini lesici sokulahlekelwa, zonke izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zinenani eliphakeme elingu-δ cishe ku-45 °C, okubonisa ukuthi uguquko lwesigaba esiqhubekayo lwenzekile ohlelweni oluyinkimbinkimbi.Lokhu kuguqulwa kwesigaba kuzoxoxwa ngakho ku-5.3.6 elandelayo.qhubeka nengxoxo. 5.3.4 Umphumela wokushisa ku-viscosity ehlanganisiwe Ukuqonda Umphumela Wokushisa Kwezakhiwo Ze-Rheological zezinto zokwakha kubalulekile ngenxa yamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokugcina [359, 360].Ebangeni lama-5 ° C - 85 ° C, Umphumela Wokushisa Kwindlela Ewunkimbinkimbi Yezixazululo ze-HPMC / HPS ezihlanganisiwe ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze-Hydroxypropylyly vps kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 5-7.Kusukela ku-Figure 5-7 (a), kungabonakala ukuthi i-viscosity eyinkimbinkimbi ye-HPS ehlanzekile iyancipha kakhulu ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa;i-viscosity ye-HPMC emsulwa yehla kancane isuka ekuqaleni iye ku-45 °C ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.ngcono. Amajika e-viscosity awo wonke amasampula ayinhlanganisela abonise izitayela ezifanayo nezinga lokushisa, okokuqala ehla ngezinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo bese anda ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-viscosity yamasampula ahlanganisiwe isondelene neye-HPS emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi eduze kwe-HPMC ekushiseni okuphezulu.Lo mphumela uhlobene nokuziphatha okuyingqayizivele kwe-geelation ye-HPMC ne-HPS.Ijika le-viscosity lesampula elihlanganisiwe libonise inguquko esheshayo ku-45 °C, mhlawumbe ngenxa yoshintsho lwesigaba ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC/HPS.Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-viscosity ye-G80/HPMC 5:5 isampula ehlanganisiwe ekushiseni okuphezulu iphakeme kunaleyo ye-HPMC ehlanzekile, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi i-viscosity ephezulu ye-G80 ekushiseni okuphezulu [361].Ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esifanayo sokuhlanganisa, i-viscosity ehlanganisiwe yesistimu yokuhlanganisa iyancipha ngokunyuka kwe-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree.Ngakho-ke, ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-hydroxypropyl kuma-molecule esitashi kungase kuholele ekuqhekekeni kwamabhondi e-hydrogen e-intramolecular kuma-molecule esitashi. I-Fig. 5-7 Ukuvuselelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi vs Ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa kwe-HPS / HPMC ngezilinganiso ezihlukile ze-hydroypropyl degree of hps Umthelela wezinga lokushisa ku-viscosity eyinkimbinkimbi yesistimu yenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS ihambisana nobudlelwane be-Arrhenius ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lokushisa, futhi i-viscosity eyinkimbinkimbi inobudlelwane obucacile nezinga lokushisa.I-Arrhenius equation imi kanje: Phakathi kwazo, u-η* yi-viscosity eyinkimbinkimbi, i-Pa s; A kuyinto njalo, Pa s; T izinga lokushisa eliphelele, K; I-R iyigesi engaguquki, 8.3144 J·mol–1·K–1; U-E ungamandla okwenza kusebenze, i-J·mol–1. Ifakwe ngokusho kwefomula (5-3), i-viscosity-izinga lejika lohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili ngokuya ngeTan Δ Peak ngo-45 ° C;Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe ku-5 ° C - 45 ° C no-45 ° C - 85 ° C - 85 ° C - 85 ° C - 85 ° Amanani okusebenza kwamandla e-Energy E kanye ne-Constant a atholakala ngokufaneleka kububanzi be-C aboniswa kuThebula 5-3.Amanani abalwa amandla e-activation Energy E aphakathi kuka-ActionsNgaphakathi kwebanga elifanelekile, ama-coefficients ahlanganisiwe aphezulu ayephakeme (R2 = 0.9071 -0.9892) ngaphandle kwesampula ye-G80 / HPMC.Isampula ye-G80 / HPMC ine-coefficial ephansi (R2 = 0.4435) ngobubanzi bokushisa obungama-45 ° C - 85 ° C, okungenzeka ngenxa yobulukhuni obuphezulu be-G80 nesisindo sayo esisheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga we-HPS Crystallization. 362].Le mpahla ye-G80 yenza ukuthi ikwazi ukwakha amakhompiyutha angewona angenamlilo lapho ahlanganiswe ne-HPMC. Ezingeni lokushisa elingu-5 °C – 45 °C, inani elingu-E lesampula eliyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS liphansi kancane kunalelo le-HPS emsulwa, okungenzeka kungenxa yokusebenzelana phakathi kwe-HPS ne-HPMC.Yehlisa ukuncika kwezinga lokushisa kwe-viscosity.Inani le-HPMC elihlanzekile liphakeme kunalelo namasampula athile.Amandla okuqalisa kuwo wonke amasampula aqukethe isitashi ayengamavelu amahle aphansi, okubonisa ukuthi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukwehla kwe-viscosity ngezinga lokushisa kwakungabonakali kahle futhi ukwakheka kubonisa ukuthungwa okufana nesitashi. Ithebula le-5-3 arrhenius equation parameter (E: I-activation Energy; A: I-CONTATE; R 2: Ukuzimisela okuhlanganisiwe) kusuka eq / 1 Nokho, ebangeni eliphezulu lokushisa elingu-45 °C – 85 °C, inani elingu-E lishintshe ngokwekhwalithi phakathi kwamasampuli ayinhlanganisela ye-HPS ne-HPMC/HPS, futhi inani elingu-E lama-HPS amsulwa lalingu-45.6 kJ·mol−1 – Kububanzi be I-124 KJ · mol-1, amanani wezakhiwo ezisezingeni le -3.77 kj · mol-1- -72.2 kJ · mol-1.Lolu shintsho lubonisa umthelela oqinile we-HPMC kumandla okwenza kusebenze wesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba inani elingu-E le-HPMC emsulwa lingu -174 kJ mol−1.Amanani we-E we-HPMC emsulwa kanye nesistimu ehlanganisiwe awekho, okubonisa ukuthi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-viscosity iyanda ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, futhi inhlanganisela ibonisa ukuthungwa kokuziphatha okufana ne-HPMC. Imiphumela ye-HPMC ne-HPS ku-viscosity eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPMC/HPS ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu nezinga lokushisa eliphansi ziyahambisana nezakhiwo ze-viscoelastic okuxoxwe ngazo. 5.3.5 Izakhiwo zemishini enamandla Amanani 5-8 akhombisa imvamisa eshanela i-Curves ku-5 ° C ye-HPMC / HPS compound solutions ye-HPS enamazinga ahlukene we-Hydroxypropylylyll.Kungabonwa esibalweni ukuthi i-HPS emsulwa ibonisa ukuziphatha okuqinile okujwayelekile (G′ > G″), kuyilapho i-HPMC iwukuziphatha okufana noketshezi (G′ < G″).Zonke izimiso ze-HPMC / HPS zibonisa ukuziphatha okufana nokuqina.Emasampuli amaningi, kokubili u-G′ kanye no-G″ akhuphuka ngobuningi obukhulayo, okubonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha okuqinile kwezinto kunamandla. Ama-HPMC ahlanzekile abonisa ukuncika kwemvamisa okucacile okunzima ukukubona kumasampula e-HPS amsulwa.Njengoba bekulindelekile, uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-HPMC/HPS lubonise izinga elithile lokuncika kwemvamisa.Kuwo wonke amasampula aqukethe i-HPS, i-n′ ihlala iphansi kuno-n″, futhi u-G″ ubonisa ukuncika kwemvamisa okunamandla kuno-G′, okubonisa ukuthi lawa masampuli anwebeka kakhulu kune-viscous [352, 359, 363].Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwamasampula ahlanganisiwe kunqunywa ikakhulukazi i-HPS, okungenxa yokuthi i-HPMC iveza isimo sesixazululo se-viscosity esiphansi ekushiseni okuphansi. Ithebula 5-4 n ', n ", G0' ne-G0" ne-G0 "nge-HPS / HPMC ene-hydropropyl Supreition degree ye-HPS ku-5 ° C njengoba kunqunywe kuma-EQ.(5-1) kanye (5-2) I-Fig. 5-8 Storage modulus (G′) kanye nemodulus yokulahlekelwa (G″) vs. frequency ye-HPS/HPMC ihlangana ne-hydroypropyl substitution degree ehlukile ye-HPS ku-5 °C Ama-HPMC ahlanzekile akhombisa ukuncika kokuvama okucacile okunzima ukubona kumasampula ahlanzekile e-HPS.Njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi ye-HPMC / HPS, uhlelo lwe-Ligand lukhombise inani elithile lokuncika imvamisa.Kuwo wonke amasampula aqukethe ama-HPS, n 'ahlala ephansi kune-n ", futhi g" ekhombisa ukuncika imvamisa okunamandla kuno-G', okukhombisa ukuthi amasampula anwebeka kakhulu [352, 359, 363].Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwamasampula ahlanganisiwe kunqunywa yi-HPS, okuyinto ikakhulukazi ngoba i-HPMC iveza isibonakaliso esiphansi sokulungiselela ngesimo sezulu esiphansi. Amanani 5-9 abonisa amajika okushanela imvamisa yezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPMC/HPS ze-HPS ezinamadigri ahlukene okushintsha i-hydroxypropyl ku-85°C.Njengoba kungabonwa esithombeni, wonke amanye amasampula e-HPS ngaphandle kwe-A1081 abonise ukuziphatha okuqinile okujwayelekile.Ku-A1081, amanani we-G' kanye no-G” asondelene kakhulu, futhi u-G' mncane kuno-G”, okubonisa ukuthi i-A1081 iziphatha njengoketshezi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba i-A1081 iyi-gel ebandayo futhi ibhekana noguquko lwe-gel-to-luxazulule ekushiseni okuphezulu.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumasampula anesilinganiso esifanayo esihlanganisa, amanani angu-n ', n ", g0' kanye ne-G0" (itafula 5-5) konke kwehle ngokwanda kwe-hydroxypropylyll degree, okukhombisa ukuthi i-hydroxyproppylitation yehlise ukuqina- njengokuziphatha kwesitashi ekushiseni okuphezulu (85 ° C).Ikakhulu, i-N 'ne-N "ye-G80 isondele ku-0, ekhombisa ukuziphatha okuqinile okuqinile;Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanani we-N 'ne-N "asondele ku-181 asondelene no-1, ekhombisa ukusebenza okuqinile koketshezi.Lawa magugu a-n 'ne-n "ahambisana nedatha ye-G' no g".Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kungabonakala kusuka kumanani ama-5-9, izinga lokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuncika kokuvama kwama-HPS ekushiseni okuphezulu. I-Fig. 5-9 Storage modulus (G′) kanye nemodulus yokulahlekelwa (G″) vs. frequency ye-HPS/HPMC ihlangana ne-hydroypropyl substitution degree ehlukile ye-HPS ku-85 °C Amanani ama-5-9 akhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC ikhombisa indlela ejwayelekile yokuziphatha okuqinile (g '> g ") ku-85 ° C, okuthiwa yizakhiwo zayo ze-thermogel.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-G 'ne-G "ye-HPMC iyahlukahluka ngokuvama ukwanda akuzange kushintshe okuningi, okubonisa ukuthi akunakho ukuncika imvamisa okucacile. Ngohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS compound, amanani a-n 'no n "asondelene no-0, futhi i-G0' liphakeme kakhulu kune-G0 (ithebula" 5-5), eqinisekisa indlela yokuziphatha kwayo okuqinile.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufaka esikhundleni kwe-hydroxypropyly ephakeme kungashintsha ama-hps kusuka ekuziphatheni okuqinile okufana noketshezi, into engenzeki ezixazululweni ezihlanganisiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe olungezwe nge-HPMC, ngokwanda imvamisa, bobabili g 'futhi g "bahlala bezinzile, futhi amanani a-n' no n" asondelene ne-HPMC.Yonke le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi i-HPMC ibusa i-viscoelasticity yesistimu ehlanganisiwe ekushiseni okuphezulu kwama-85°C. Ithebula 5-5 n ', n ", n", g0' ne-G0 "ne-G0" ye-HPS / HPMC ngokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydropropyl ahlukile kwe-HPS ku-85 ° C njengokunqunywa kuma-EQ.(5-1) kanye (5-2) 5.3.6 I-Morphology yesistimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS Ukushintshwa kwesigaba sohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC/HPS kwacwaningwa ngesibonakhulu se-iodine esingcolisa amehlo.Isistimu ehlanganisiwe ye-HPMC/HPS enesilinganiso esiyinhlanganisela engu-5:5 ihlolwe ku-25 °C, 45 °C no-85 °C.Izithombe zesibonakhulu esinebala elikhanyayo ngezansi ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 5-10.Kungabonakala esifanekisweni sokuthi ngemuva kokudaya nge-iodine, isigaba se-hps sidaywe ngombala omnyama, futhi isigaba se-HPMC sibonisa umbala olula ngoba angeke adaywe yi-iodine.Ngakho-ke, izigaba ezimbili ze-HPMC/HPS zingahlukaniswa ngokucacile.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, indawo yezifunda ezimnyama (isigaba se-HPS) iyanda futhi indawo yezifunda ezikhanyayo (isigaba se-HPMC) iyancipha.Ikakhulu, ku-25 ° C, HPMC (Umbala okhanyayo) yisigaba esiqhubekayo kuhlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS composite, kanye nesigaba esincane se-HPS (umbala omnyama) sihlakazeka esigabeni esiqhubekayo se-HPMC.Ngokuphambene, ku-85 °C, i-HPMC ibe yisigaba esihlakazekile esincane kakhulu nesinomumo ongavamile esihlakazekile esigabeni esiqhubekayo se-HPS. Fig. 5-8 morphologies of Dyded 1: 1 HPMC / HPS hlangana ngo-25 ° C, 45 ° C no-85 ° C Ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, kufanele kube nephuzu loshintsho lwe-morphology yesigaba sesigaba esiqhubekayo ukusuka ku-HPMC ukuya ku-HPS ohlelweni lwenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS.Ethiyori, kufanele kwenzeke lapho i-viscosity ye-HPMC ne-HPS ifana noma ifana kakhulu.Njengoba kungabonakala kuma-micrographs angu-45 °C ku-Figure 5-10, umdwebo wesigaba "sesiqhingi sasolwandle" ojwayelekile awuveli, kodwa isigaba esiqhubekayo siyabonwa.Lokhu kubheka futhi kuqinisekisa iqiniso lokuthi ukuguqulwa kwesigaba sesigaba esiqhubekayo kungenzeka kwenzeke endaweni ephakeme engu-δ ye-tan ku-dissipation factor-temperature curve okuxoxwe ngayo kokuthi 5.3.3. Kungabonakala futhi kusukela ekushiseni okuphansi (25 ° C), ezinye izingxenye zesigaba esimnyama se-HPS ehlakazekile zibonisa izinga elithile lombala okhanyayo, okungenzeka ngoba ingxenye yesigaba se-HPMC ikhona esigabeni se-HPSC uhlobo lwesigaba esihlakazekile.phakathi.Ngokuqondana, ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu (85 °C), ezinye izinhlayiya ezincane ezimnyama zisatshalaliswa esigabeni esihlakazekile se-HPMC esinemibala egqamile, futhi lezi zinhlayiya ezincane ezimnyama ziyisigaba esiqhubekayo se-HPS.Lokhu kubona kusikisela ukuthi isilinganiso esithile seMesophase sikhona ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC-HPS, ngakho-ke futhi kukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC inokuhambisana okuthile nge-HPS. 5.3.7 Umdwebo wohlelo woshintsho lwesigaba se-HPMC/HPS uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe Kususelwa ekuziphatheni kwe-rheological classical ye-polymer solutions namaphoyinti we-composite gel [216, 232] Futhi ukuqhathanisa nezakhiwo ezixoxwe ephepheni lezakhiwo zezinhlelo ze-HPMC / HPS izakhiwo ezihlongozwayo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig 5-11. Umdwebo 5-11 Izakhiwo ze-Schematic of the sol-gel transition ye-HPMC (a);I-HPS (b);kanye ne-HPMC/HPS (c) Ukuziphatha kwe-gel kwe-HPMC kanye nendlela yayo yokuguqula isixazululo se-gel - kufundwe okuningi [159, 160, 207, 208].Enye yaleyo eyamukelekayo ukuthi amaketanga we-HPMC akhona ngesixazululo ngendlela yezinqwaba ezihlanganisiwe.Lawa ma-Cluster axhumekile ngokusonga ezinye izakhiwo ze-cellulose ezingavikelekile noma ezingenamikhawulo, futhi axhunyiwe ezifundeni ezihleliwe ezibuyiselwe ama-hydrophobic amaqembu we-hydrophobic namaqembu e-hydroxyl.Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ama-molecule amanzi afana nezakhiwo ezifana ne-cage ngaphandle kwamaqembu we-methyl hydrophobic kanye nezakhiwo zamanzi ezingaphandle kwamaqembu ama-hydrophilic njengamaqembu ama-hydrothenic afana namaqembu e-hydroven anamazinga okushisa aphansi.Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-HPMC ithola amandla futhi le kheji lamanzi nezakhiwo zamagobolondo zamanzi ziphukile, okuyi-kinetics yenguquko ye-gel yesixazululo.Ukuqhekeka kwekheji lamanzi kanye negobolondo lamanzi kudalula amaqembu we-methyl kanye ne-hydroxypropyl emvelweni emanzi, okuholela ekukhuphukeni okukhulu kwevolumu yamahhala.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngenxa ye-hydrophobic association yamaqembu e-hydrophobic kanye ne-hydrophilic association yamaqembu we-hydrophilic, isakhiwo senethiwekhi enezici ezintathu se-gel ekugcineni sakhiwe, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 5-11 (a). Ngemuva kwe-starch gelatinization, i-amylose ihlakazeke kusuka kuma-starch granules ukwakha isakhiwo esingashayi esingenalutho, esiqhubekayo ngokuqhubekayo bese ekugcineni siveza isimo samakhoyili angahleliwe.Lesi sakhiwo se-helix esingu-single-helix sakha umgodi we-hydrophobic ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-hydrophilic ngaphandle.Lesi sakhiwo esiminyene sesitashi sizibeka ngokuqina okungcono [230-232].Ngakho-ke, i-HPS ikhona ngendlela yamakhoyili ahlukahlukene angahleliwe anezinye izingxenye ezeluliwe ngesisombululo samanzi okushisa ashelelayo.Njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha, izibopho ze-hydrogen phakathi kwama-molecule we-HPS kanye namanzi aphukile futhi aphethwe amanzi alahlekile.Ekugcineni, kwakhiwa isakhiwo senethiwekhi enezici ezintathu ngenxa yokwakheka kwama-hydrogen bond phakathi kwamaketanga ama-molefanel, futhi kwakhiwa ijeli, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 5-11 (B). Ngokuvamile, lapho izingxenye ezimbili ezinama-viscosity ahluke kakhulu zihlanganiswa, ingxenye ye-viscosity ephezulu ijwayele ukwakha isigaba esihlakazekile futhi ihlakazeke esigabeni esiqhubekayo sengxenye ye-viscosity ephansi.Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, i-viscosity ye-HPMC iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-HPS.Ngakho-ke, i-HPMC yakha isigaba esiqhubekayo esizungeze isigaba esiphakeme se-HPS GEL.Emaphethelweni ezigaba ezimbili, amaqembu e-hydroxyl kumaketanga e-HPMC alahlekelwa ingxenye yamanzi abophekile futhi akhe amabhondi e-hydrogen e-intermolecular ngamaketanga e-HPS.Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisisa, amaketanga e-HPS amangqamuzana ahamba ngenxa yokumunca amandla anele futhi akha amabhondi e-hydrogen nama-molecule amanzi, okuholele ekuqhekekeni kwesakhiwo sejeli.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo sekheji lamanzi kanye nesakhiwo segobolondo lamanzi kuchungechunge lwe-HPMC kwacekelwa phansi futhi kwaqhuma kancane kancane ukuze kuvezwe amaqembu e-hydrophilic kanye namaqoqo e-hydrophobic.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-HPMC yenza isakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gel ngenxa ye-intermolecular hydrogen bond kanye ne-hydrophobic association, futhi ngaleyo ndlela iba yisigaba esihlakazekile esiphezulu se-viscosity esihlakazekile esigabeni esiqhubekayo se-HPS yamakhoyili angahleliwe, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 5-11 (c).Ngakho-ke, i-HPS ne-HPMC yayibusa izakhiwo ze-rheological, izakhiwo ze-gel kanye ne-morphology yesigaba samajeli ahlanganisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi naphezulu, ngokulandelana. Ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-hydroxypropyl kuma-molecule esitashi kwephula ukwakheka kwebhondi ye-hydrogen e-odelwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, ukuze ama-molecule e-gelatinized amylose abe esimweni sokuvuvuka nokunwebeka, okwandisa umthamo we-hydration osebenzayo wama-molecule futhi avimbele ukuthambekela kwama-molecule e-starch ukunamathela ngokungahleliwe. kusisombululo esinamanzi [362].Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ezinkulu ne-hydrophilic ze-hydroxypropyl zenza ukuhlanganisa kabusha kwamaketanga e-amylose amangqamuzana kanye nokwakhiwa kwezifunda ezixhumanisa kube nzima [233].Ngakho-ke, ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa, uma kuqhathaniswa nesitashi sendabuko, i-HPS ivame ukwakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi yenethiwekhi ne-softer. Ngokukhula kwe-hydroxypropyl substitution degree, kukhona izingcezu ze-helical ezinwetshiwe kakhulu kusixazululo se-HPS, ezingakha amabhondi e-hydrogen amaningi e-intermolecular neketango lamangqamuzana e-HPMC emngceleni wezigaba ezimbili, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe isakhiwo esifanayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydroxypropylation inciphisa i-viscosity yesitashi, okunciphisa umehluko we-viscosity phakathi kwe-HPMC ne-HPS ekwakhiweni.Ngakho-ke, iphoyinti loshintsho lwesigaba kusistimu eyinkimbinkimbi ye-HPMC/HPS ishintshela kuzinga lokushisa eliphansi ngokukhuphuka kwe-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degree.Lokhu kungaqinisekiswa ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kwe-viscosity ngokushisa kwamasampula abuyiselwe ku-5.3.4. 5.4 Isifingqo Sesahluko Kulesi sahluko, izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPMC / HPS ezinama-HPS Hydroxyproppropylls alungiselelwe, futhi imiphumela ye-HPS Hydroxypropylyll degree ngezigaba ze-Rheological ezakhiweni ze-HPMC / HPS ezibandayo ze-HPMC / HPS GEL Compact System yaphenywa yiReometer.Ukusatshalaliswa kwesigaba kwe-HPMC / HPS kubanda kanye ne-Hot Gel Composite System kufundwe yi-Iodine Stain statical microscope Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Microscope.Okutholakele okuyinhloko imi kanje: Ngamafuphi, uhlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS olubandayo-hot gel gel oluhlanganisiwe lukhombisa isigaba esilawulwa sokushisa samazinga okushisa kanye nezakhiwo.Ngokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali kwe-starch kanye ne-cellulose, uhlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS olubandayo kanye ne-hot gel compound lungasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinobuhlakani obukhulu. Isahluko 6 Imiphumela Ye-HPS Exgaletution degree ezizakhiweni nasekuhambisaneni uhlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Hlumbo Kungabonakala eSahlukweni 5 ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samakhemikhali ezingxenyeni zesistimu ye-compound kunquma umehluko wezakhiwo ze-rheological, izakhiwo ze-gel nezinye izakhiwo zokucubungula zesistimu ye-compound.Ukusebenza sekukonke kunomthelela omkhulu. Lesi sahluko sigxile ethonyeni lesakhiwo samakhemikhali sezakhi ze-microssCreature kanye ne-macroscopic Properties ye-HPMC / HPS Membrane.Kuhlanganiswe nethonya lesahluko 5 ezingxenyeni zesilongo sohlelo lwezinhlanganisela, izimbobo zesistimu ye-HPMC / HPS composite system zisunguliwe phakathi kwezindawo zefilimu. 6.1 Izimpahla kanye Nezisetshenziswa 6.1.1 Izinto zokuhlola eziyinhloko 6.1.2 Amathuluzi nemishini emikhulu 6.2 Indlela yokuhlola 6.2.1 Ukulungiswa kwe-HPMC / HPS Hlela ulwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe olunama-HPS HYDROXYPRYPROPYL Isamba esiphelele sesisombululo esiyinhlanganisela singu-8% (w/w), isilinganiso senhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS ngu-10:0, 5:5, 0:10, i-plasticizer ingu-2.4% (w/w) i-polyethylene glycol, Okudliwayo ifilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS yalungiswa ngendlela yokusakaza.Ukuze uthole indlela ethile yokulungiselela, bheka 3.2.1. 6.2.2 Ukwakheka kwe-microdomain ye-HPMC / HPS Hloma Memebranes enama-HPS HYDROXYPRYPROPYL 6.2.2.1 Umgomo wokuhlaziywa kwe-microstructure yokusakazwa kwe-X-ray ngemisebe ye-synchrotron Ingelosi encane X-ray ehlakazeka (Sax) ibhekisa kwinto yokusakazeka ebangelwa yi-X-ray Beam inerradiatiating isampula ngaphansi kokuhlolwa ngaphakathi kwe-angle encane esondele ku-X-ray.Ngokusekelwe kumehluko wokuminyana kwama-electron we-nanoscale phakathi kwe-scatterer nendawo ezungezile, ukusakazeka kwe-X-ray ye-angle encane kuvame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwezinto eziqinile, eziqinile, neziwuketshezi ze-polymer ebangeni le-nanoscale.Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obukhulu be-X-RAY X-RAY TOFTRACTIONTE, ama-sax angathola imininingwane yesakhiwo ngesilinganiso esikhudlwana, esingasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya amaketanga ama-polymer molecular, izakhiwo zesikhathi eside, kanye nokwahlulwa kwesigaba kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesigaba kwe-polymer eziyinkimbinkimbi izinhlelo .Umthombo wokukhanya we-Synchrotron X-ray unguhlobo olusha lomthombo wokukhanya osebenza kahle, onobuhle bokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ukubambana okuphezulu, ukuncipha okuncane, ukugqama okuphezulu, ngakho-ke kungathola imininingwane yesakhiwo se-nanoscale yezinto zokwakha ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile.Ukuhlaziya i-spectrum ye-SAXS yento elinganisiwe kungathola ngokufanelekile ukufana kokuminyana kwamafu e-electron, ukufana kwesigaba esisodwa sokuminyana kwamafu e-electron (ukuchezuka okuhle ku-Porod noma i-theorem kaDebye), kanye nokucaca kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sezigaba ezimbili (ukuchezuka okungekuhle ku-Porod noma ithiyori kaDebye).), ukufana kwe-scatterer (noma ngabe kunezici ze-fractal), ukuhlakazeka kwe-scatterer (i-monodispersity noma i-polydispersity enqunywe i-Guinier) nolunye ulwazi, kanye nobukhulu be-scatterer fractal, i-gyration radius, kanye nongqimba oluyisilinganiso lwamayunithi aphindayo nakho kungatholakala ngokwenani.Ubukhulu, usayizi omaphakathi, ingxenyenamba yevolumu ye-scatterer, indawo ethile yendawo kanye neminye imingcele. 6.2.2.2 Indlela yokuhlola E-Australian Synchrotron Radiation Center (Clayton, Victoria, Australia), umthombo wemisebe ye-synchrotron wesizukulwane sesithathu othuthukisiwe (flux 1013 photons/s, wavelength 1.47 Å) wasetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwakheka kwesizinda esincane kanye nolunye ulwazi oluhlobene lwenhlanganisela. ifilimu.Iphethini yokuhlakazeka enezinhlangothi ezimbili yesampula yokuhlola yaqoqwa umtshina we-Pilatus 1M (indawo engu-169 × 172 μm, usayizi wamaphikiseli angu-172 × 172 μm), futhi isampuli elinganisiwe yayikububanzi obungu-0.015 6.2.3 Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Thermogravimetric kolwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS enamadigri ahlukene e-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution 6.2.3.1 Isimiso sokuhlaziywa kwe-thermogravimetric Ngokufanayo 3.2.5.1 6.2.3.2 Indlela yokuhlola Bheka 3.2.5.2 6.2.4 Izakhiwo ezi-Tensale zamafilimu ahlanganisiwe we-HPMC / HPS anama-degree ahlukene we-HPS Hydroxypropypropylyl 6.2.4.1 Isimiso sokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo esiqinile Ngokufanayo 3.2.6.1 6.2.4.2 Indlela yokuhlola Bheka 3.2.6.2 Usebenzisa i-ISO37 Engajwayelekile, sinqunywa sibe yi-splines ebunjiwe ye-dumbbell, ngobude obungu-35mm, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa engu-12mm, nobubanzi be-2mm.Zonke izibonelo zokuhlolwa zilinganiswe kumswakama ongu-75% ngaphezu kuka-3 d. 6.2.5 I-Oxygen Permeability ye-HPMC / HPS Hlunga Memebranes ngama-degree ahlukene we-HPS Hydroxypropypropyll 6.2.5.1 Isimiso sokuhlaziywa kwe-oxygen permeability Ngokufanayo 3.2.7.1 6.2.5.2 Indlela yokuhlola Bheka 3.2.7.2 6.3 Imiphumela Nezingxoxo 6.3.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo kwe-Crystal kwamafilimu we-HPMC / HPS ahlanganisiwe anamazinga ahlukene we-HPS Hydroxypropypropylls Umfanekiso 6-1 ubonisa i-engeli encane ye-X-ray ehlakazekayo yamafilimu ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS anamadigri ahlukene okushintsha i-HPS hydroxypropyl.Kungabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi ebangeni lesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu sika-q > 0.3 Å (2θ > 40), iziqongo zezici ezisobala zivela kuwo wonke amasampula olwelwesi.Kusuka kuphethini yokuhlakazeka kwe-X-ray yefilimu yengxenye emsulwa (Umfanekiso 6-1a), i-HPMC emsulwa inesici esinamandla sokuhlakazeka kwe-X-ray kokuthi 0.569 Å, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inenani eliphakeme lokuhlakazeka kwe-X ray engeli ebanzi. isifunda esingu-7.70 (2θ > 50).Iziqongo zesici se-Crystal, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPMC inesakhiwo esithile sekristalu lapha.Womabili amasampula efilimu isitashi e-A939 kanye ne-A1081 abonise inani eliphakeme eligqamile lokuhlakazeka kwe-X-ray kokuthi 0.397 Å, okubonisa ukuthi i-HPS inesici esivelele endaweni ebanzi engu-5.30, ehambisana nenani eliphakeme le-crystalline lohlobo lwe-B lwesitashi.Kungabonakala ngokucacile esibalweni ukuthi i-A939 ene-hydroxypropyl ephansi inendawo ephakeme kakhulu kune-A1081 enokushintshwa okuphezulu.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwethulwa kweqembu le-hydroxypropyl ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana esitashi kwephula ukwakheka okuyaliwe kwasekuqaleni kwama-molecule esitashi, kukhulisa ubunzima bokuhlela kabusha nokuxhumanisa phakathi kwamaketanga e-starch yamangqamuzana, futhi kunciphisa izinga lokuvuselela isitashi.Ngokukhula kwedigri yokushintshanisa yeqembu le-hydroxypropyl, umphumela ovimbelayo weqembu le-hydroxypropyl ku-starch recrystallization usobala kakhulu. Kungabonakala kusuka ku-X-ray engela encane yokusakaza amasampula ama-composite (Fig. 6-1b) ukuthi amafilimu ahlanganisiwe we-HPMC-HPS akhombisa iziqongo ezisobala ze-0.569 Å no-0.397 Å, ehambelana ne-7.70 hpmc crystal iziqongo zesici, ngokulandelana.Indawo ephakeme kakhulu ye-HPS crystallization yefilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/A939 inkulu kakhulu kunaleyo yefilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/A1081.Ukuhlelwa kabusha kuncishiswe, okuhambisana nokuhlukahluka kwe-HPS Crystallization Peak Area ngezinga lokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl kumafilimu amsulwa.Indawo ye-Crystalline Peak ehambelana ne-HPMC ngo-7.70 ngolwelwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe olunamazinga ahlukene we-HPS Hydroxyproppylyl eshintshile.Qhathanisa ne-spectrum yamasampula engxenye emsulwa (Fig. elinye iqembu.I-recrystallization phenomenon yezinto zokuhlukaniswa kwefilimu idlala indima ethile yokuvimbela. Fig. 6-1 SAXS spectra of HPMC/HPS ehlanganisa amafilimu ane-hydroxypropyl substitution degree ehlukahlukene ye-HPS Ekuphetheni, ukukhuphuka kwe-HPS Hydroxypropylyl Suption degree kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinto ezimbili kungavimba i-Penomenon ephindaphindwayo ye-HPMC / HPS composite membrane ngezinga elithile.Ukwanda kokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl se-HPS kuvinjelwe kabusha kabusha kwe-HPS kulwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe, ngenkathi i-complent complent idlala indima ethile yokuvimbela i-HPS ne-HPMC kulwelwesi oluyinhlawulo. 6.3.2 Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo esifana nesakho se-fractal solwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC/HPS olunamadigri ahlukile e-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution Isilinganiso sobude beketango (R) lamamolekyuli e-polysaccharide njengama-molecule esitashi nama-cellulose asebangeni lika-1000-1500 nm, futhi u-q usebangeni lika-0.01-0.1 Å-1, ne-qR >> 1. Ifomula ye-Porod, amasampula efilimu ye-polysaccharide angabonwa Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-engeli encane ye-X-ray namandla okuhlakazeka kanye ne-engeli yokuhlakaza yilokhu: Phakathi kwalokhu, I(q) ngiwumfutho wokusakazeka kwe-X-ray ene-engeli encane; q i-engeli yokuhlakaza; U-α uyintaba ye-Porod. I-Porod slope α ihlobene nesakhiwo se-fractal.Uma α <3, kukhombisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kukhululekile, ingaphezulu labasanda kubayisa libushelelezi, futhi kungukuphazamiseka okukhulu, kanye nobukhulu bawo obulimaleyo D = α;Uma 3 <α <4, kukhombisa ukuthi isakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo siminyene futhi isakaza ingaphezulu ingaphezulu, okungukuphazamiseka kwalo okungaphezulu kwe-D = 6 - α. Umfanekiso 6-2 ubonisa iziqephu ze-lnI(q)-lnq ze-HPMC/HPS eziyinhlanganisela ye-membrane enamazinga ahlukene okushintsha i-HPS hydroxypropyl.Kungabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi wonke amasampula aveza ukwakheka kwe-fractal okufana ncamashi phakathi kwebanga elithile, futhi umthamo we-Porod α ungaphansi kuka-3, okubonisa ukuthi ifilimu eyinhlanganisela iveza i-mass fractal, futhi ingaphezulu lefilimu eliyinhlanganisela lilinganiselwe. bushelelezi.Ubukhulu be-fractal dimensions ye-HPMC/HPS yolwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela enamadigri ahlukene okushintshanisa i-HPS hydroxypropyl aboniswa kuThebula 6-1. Ithebula 6-1 libonisa ubukhulu be-fractal bolwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela lwe-HPMC/HPS enamadigri ahlukene okushintsha i-HPS hydroxypropyl.Kungabonakala etafuleni ukuthi amasampula ahlanzekile we-HPS, ubukhulu be-A939 abathathelwa indawo aphezulu kakhulu kune-a1081 enesibalo esiphezulu se-hydroxyproppyl, okubonisa ukuthi esikhundleni sokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropylyly, ku-membrane Ubuningi besakhiwo esifanayo buncishiswa kakhulu.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwethulwa kwamaqembu ama-hydroxypropyl ku-starch molecular chain kuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa okuningana kwezingxenye ze-HPS, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esifanayo kwifilimu.Amaqembu e-Hydrophilic Hydroxypropyll angakha ama-computer ahlukene we-hydrogen ngama-molecule wamanzi, anciphise ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zamangqamuzana;Amaqembu amakhulu ama-hydroxypropyl akhawulela ukubuyiselwa kabusha kanye nokuxhumeka okuxhumene phakathi kwezivikelo ze-starch Molecular, ngakho-ke ngezinga elikhulayo lokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl, ama-HPS enza isakhiwo esifanayo esifanayo. Ohlelweni oluyinhlanganisela lwe-HPMC/A939, ubukhulu be-HPS buphakeme kunalelo lwe-HPMC, okubangelwa ukuthi isitashi siphinda sikhanye, futhi kwakheka ukwakheka okuhleleke kakhudlwana phakathi kwamaketanga wamangqamuzana, okuholela ekwakhiweni okucishe kufane kulwelwesi. .Ukuminyana okuphezulu.Ubukhulu be-fractal besampula ehlanganisiwe buphansi kunaleso sezingxenye ezimbili ezimsulwa, ngoba ngokuhlanganisa, ukubophezela okuhlangene kwamasegimenti wamangqamuzana ezingxenye ezimbili kuyavinjwa enye nenye, okuholela ekuncipheni kokuminyana kwezakhiwo ezizifanayo.Ngokuphambene, kusistimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/A1081, ubukhulu be-HPS buphansi kakhulu kunalelo lwe-HPMC.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-hydroxypropyl kuma-molecule esitashi kuvimbela ngokuphawulekayo ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwesitashi.Isakhiwo esifana nesokhuni sikhululekile kakhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu be-fractal besampula yenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/A1081 bungaphezulu kwaleyo ye-HPS emsulwa, nayo ehluke kakhulu kusistimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/A939.Isakhiwo esizifanayo, ama-molecule e-HPMC afana neketango angangena emgodini wesakhiwo sawo esixekethile, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ukuminyana kwesakhiwo esizifaniselayo se-HPS, okukhombisa futhi ukuthi i-HPS ene-hydroxypropyl ephezulu esikhundleni ingakha inkimbinkimbi efanayo ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa. nge-HPMC.izithako.Kusukela kudatha yezakhiwo ze-rheological, kungabonakala ukuthi i-hydroxypropylation inganciphisa i-viscosity yesitashi, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa, umehluko we-viscosity phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa uyancishiswa, okulungele ukwakheka kwe-homogeneous. inhlanganisela. I-Fig. 6-2 lnI(q)-lnq amaphethini kanye namajika ayo afanelekile e-HPMC/HPS ahlanganisa amafilimu anedigri ehlukile ye-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni se-HPS Ithebula 6-1 Imingcele yesakhiwo se-Fractal ye-HPS/HPMC ihlanganisa amafilimu aneziqu ezihlukahlukene ze-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni se-HPS Olwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela olunesilinganiso esifanayo sokuhlanganisa, ubukhulu be-fractal bubuye bunciphe ngokunyuka kwedigri yokushintshanisa yeqembu le-hydroxypropyl.Ukwethulwa kwe-hydroxypropyl ku-molecule ye-HPS kunganciphisa ukuhlangana kwezingxenye ze-polymer ohlelweni lwenhlanganisela, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuminyana kolwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela;I-HPS enokufakwa esikhundleni kwe-hydroxypropyl ephezulu inokuhambisana kangcono ne-HPMC, Kulula ukwenza umfaniswano kanye nenhlanganisela eminyene.Ngakho-ke, ukuminyana kwesakhiwo esizifanisayo kulwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela kuncipha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushintshwa kwe-HPS, okuwumphumela wethonya elihlangene ledigri yokushintsha ye-HPS hydroxypropyl kanye nokuhambisana kwezingxenye ezimbili zenhlanganisela. uhlelo. 6.3.3 Ukuhlaziywa kokuzinza kokushisa kwamafilimu ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS anamadigri ahlukile e-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution I-Thermogravimetric Analyzer yasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuqina okushisayo kwamafilimu ahlanganisiwe we-HPMC / HPS edliwayo anamazinga ahlukene we-hydroxypropylyll.Umdwebo 6-3 ukhombisa ijika le-thermogravimetric Curve (TGA) kanye nesilinganiso salo sokunciphisa isisindo samafilimu ahlanganisiwe anama-degree ahlukene we-hydroxypropylylylyly vps.Kungabonakala kusuka ku-TGA Curve kuMfanekiso 6-3 (a) ukuthi amasampula we-membrane ahlanganisiwe anama-HPS hydroxyproppropylyll degrees ahlukene.Kunezigaba ezimbili ezisobala zokushintsha kwe-thermogravimetric shintsha ngokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa.Okokuqala, kunesiteji esincane sokulahlekelwa isisindo ngo-30 ~ 180 ° C, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuguquguquka kwama-polysaccharide macromolecule.Kunesigaba esikhulu sokulahleka kwesisindo ngo-300 ~ 450 ° C, okuyisigaba sangempela sokuwohloka okushisayo, okubangelwa ukuwohloka okushisayo kwe-HPMC ne-HPS.Kungabonakala futhi kusuka kumuntu ukuthi ama-curve wesisindo we-HPS anamazinga ahlukene we-hydroxypropyly afanayo futhi ahluke kakhulu kwe-HPMC.Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezinsimbi zokunciphisa umzimba we-HPMC ehlanzekile namasampula ahlanzekile we-HPS. Kusuka ku-DTG Curves kuMfanekiso 6-3 (B), kungabonakala ukuthi amazinga okushisa awonakaliseko we-HPS amsulwa anamazinga ahlukene we-hydroxypropyl asondele kakhulu, futhi amazinga okushisa awohloka ashisayo angu-A939 namasampula angama-a081 angama-310 ° C kanye no-305 ° C, ngokulandelana okushintshiwe kwe-defradation dealflation kwesampula ye-HPMC ephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo ye-HPS, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lingu-365 ° C;Ifilimu ye-HPMC / HPS Composite ineziqongo ezimbili zokuwohloka okushisayo kwijika le-DTG, elihambisana nokuwohloka okushisayo kwe-HPS ne-HPMC, ngokulandelana.Iziqongo eziphakeme, ezibonisa ukuthi kunezinga elithile lokwehlukaniswa kwesigaba ohlelweni lwezinhlanganisela ngesilinganiso esiyinhlanganisela esingu-5: 5, esihambisana nemiphumela yokuwohloka okushisayo yefilimu eyinhlanganisela enesilinganiso esiyinhlanganisela esingu-5: 5 esahlukweni 3 Amazinga okushisa aphezulu okuwohloka kokushisa kwamasampula efilimu ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/A939 abengu-302 °C no-363 °C, ngokulandelana;amazinga okushisa aphezulu okonakaliswa okushisayo kwamasampula efilimu ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/A1081 abengu-306 °C no-363 °C, ngokulandelana.Amazinga okushisa aphezulu amasampula wefilimu ahlanganisiwe aguqulwe azoshisa amazinga okushisa kunamasampula wezakhi amsulwa, akhombisa ukuthi ukuqina kwamasampula okushisayo kwehlisiwe.Okwasampula ngesilinganiso esifanayo esihlanganisa, izinga lokushisa elishisayo le-thermal sehle ngokwanda kokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyll degree, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuzinza kwefilimu okuhlanganisiwe kwehle ngokwanda kokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropylylyll degree.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwethulwa kwamaqembu ama-hydroxypropyl ku-starch molecule kunciphisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zamangqamuzana futhi kuvimbela ukuhlehlelwa kabusha kwama-molecule.Kuyahambisana nemiphumela yokuthi ubuningi bezinhlaka ezifanayo buyancipha ngokwanda kwezinga le-hydroxypropp. Fig. 6-3 I-TGA Curves (a) kanye nama-curves abo atholwayo (B) we-HPMC / HPS ahlanganisa amafilimu ane-hydroxyproppropyll degree ye-HPS 6.3.4 Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo zemishini yolwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS enamadigri ahlukile e-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution I-Fig. 6-5 Izici ezi-Tensale ze-HPMC / HPS Films ene-HYDROXYPROPPROPYL yokufaka esikhundleni se-HPS Izici eziqinile zamafilimu ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS anamadigri ahlukile e-HPS hydroxypropyl esikhundleni ahlolwe ngomshini wokuhlaziya izakhiwo ku-25 °C kanye no-75% womswakama ohlobene.Amanani 6-5 abonisa imodulus enwebekayo (a), ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu (b) namandla aqinile (c) amafilimu ayinhlanganisela anamadigri ahlukene e-HPS hydroxypropyl esikhundleni.Kungabonakala ngesibalo ukuthi ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lwe-HPMC/A1081, ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, i-elastic modulus namandla aqinile efilimu eyinhlanganisela ancipha kancane kancane, nokwelulwa ngesikhathi sekhefu kwanda kakhulu, okwakuhambisana no-3.3. 5 umswakama ophakathi nendawo nophezulu.Imiphumela ye-membrane eyinhlanganisela enezilinganiso ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa yayingaguquguquki. Kulwelwesi oluhlanzekile lwe-HPS, kokubili imodulus enwebekayo namandla aqinile akhuphuka ngokuncipha kwedigri ye-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution, okuphakamisa ukuthi i-hydroxypropylation yehlisa ukuqina kolwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela futhi ithuthukise ukuguquguquka kwayo.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokukhula kwe-hydroxypropyl substitution degree, i-hydrophilicity ye-HPS iyanda, futhi ukwakheka kwe-membrane kuxega kakhulu, okuhambisana nomphumela wokuthi ubukhulu be-fractal buyancipha ngokunyuka kwedigri yokufaka endaweni e-engeli encane X- ukuhlolwa kokuhlakazeka kwemisebe.Kodwa-ke, ukuphakama ngesikhathi sekhefu kuncipha ngokuncipha kwedigri yokushintshanisa yeqembu le-HPS hydroxypropyl, okungenxa yokuthi ukwethulwa kweqembu le-hydroxypropyl ku-molecule yesitashi kungavimbela ukuphinda kukhiqizwe isitashi.Imiphumela ihambisana nokwanda nokuncipha. Ngomhlaka we-HPMC / HPS composite ngesilinganiso esifanayo se-compound, i-modulus ye-e-e-e-e-eastic ye-membrane impahla inyuka ngokuncipha kwe-hps hydroxyproppropylylyll sferture, kanye namandla ashukumisayo kanye ne-excation ekwehliseni ukuncipha kweziqu.Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini zolwelwesi lwezinhlanganisela ziyahlukahluka ngokuphelele ngesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe ngamadigri ahlukile we-HPS Hydroxypropypropypropylyl.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izakhiwo zemishini zoMefbrane ezinhlanganisela azithinteki kuphela yi-HPS Exget degree ngesakhiwo se-membrane, kodwa futhi ngokuhambisana phakathi kwezingxenye ezinhlelweni ezihlanganisiwe.I-viscosity ye-HPS iyancipha ngokwanda kokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyll degree, kuthandeka kakhulu ukwakha i-ancred actound ngokuhlanganisa. 6.3.5 Ukuhlaziywa kokungena komoyampilo kwe-HPMC/HPS ulwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe olunamadigri ahlukile e-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution I-oxidation ebangelwa i-oksijini yisigaba sokuqala ngezindlela eziningi zokubangela ukudla, ngakho-ke amafilimu ahlanganisiwe anezinhlanganisela ezinempilo ethile ye-oksijini angathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla nokwandisa impilo yeshalofu lokudla [108, 364].Ngakho-ke, amazinga okuhambisa umoya-mpilo we-HPMC / HPS Hlunga ulwelwesi olunama-HPS HYDROXYPRYPRYPROPYL alinganiswa, futhi imiphumela ikhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 5-6.Kungabonakala ngesibalo ukuthi ukungena komoyampilo kwawo wonke ama-membrane e-HPS ahlanzekile kuphansi kakhulu kunolwelwesi oluhlanzekile lwe-HPMC, okubonisa ukuthi ulwelwesi lwe-HPS lunezinto ezivimbela umoya-mpilo ezingcono kunolwelwesi lwe-HPMC, oluhambisana nemiphumela yangaphambilini.Kulwelwesi oluhlanzekile lwe-HPS enamadigri ahlukene okushintsha i-hydroxypropyl, izinga lokudluliswa komoyampilo liyakhuphuka ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushintsha, okubonisa ukuthi indawo lapho kungena umoya-mpilo kulwelwesi olubalulekile luyakhula.Lokhu kuhambisana nokuhlaziywa kwe-microstructure ye-engeli encane ye-X-ray ehlakazekayo ukuthi ukwakheka kolwelwesi luyaxega ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushintshwa kwe-hydroxypropyl, ngakho-ke umgudu wokungena komoyampilo kulwelwesi uba mkhulu, nomoya-mpilo kulwelwesi. igcwele Njengoba indawo ikhula, izinga lokudlulisela umoya-mpilo nalo liyakhula kancane kancane. I-Fig. 6-6 I-Oxygen permeability yamafilimu e-HPS/HPMC ane-hydroxypropyl substitution degree ehlukahlukene ye-HPS Olwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela olunamadigri ahlukile e-HPS hydroxypropyl, izinga lokudluliswa komoyampilo liyehla ngokunyuka kwedigri ye-hydroxypropyl esikhundleni.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngohlelo olungu-5: 5 oluhlanganisiwe, i-HPS ikhona ngendlela yesigaba esihlakazekile ku-HPMC ephansi ye-HPMC Isigaba esiqhubekayo, kanye ne-viscosity ye-HPS inciphisa ukwanda kwezilinganiso ze-hydroxypropylylylylylylylylylylylyly.Umehluko we-viscosity mncane, kuyasiza kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwenhlanganisela ye-homogeneous, kuhlukumeza kakhulu isiteshi se-oxygen permeation ku-membrane, kanye nezinga lokudlulisa umoya-mpilo lincane. 6.4 Isifingqo Sesahluko Kulesi sahluko, amafilimu ayinhlanganisela e-HPMC/HPS alungiswe ngokusakaza i-HPS ne-HPMC enamazinga ahlukene okushintsha i-hydroxypropyl, kanye nokwengeza i-polyethylene glycol njengepulasitiki.Umthelela we-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees ehlukene esakhiweni sekristalu kanye nesakhiwo se-microdomain solwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela wacwaningwa ngobuchwepheshe bokusakazeka kwe-synchrotron ngemisebe ye-X-ray encane.Imiphumela ye-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees ehlukene ekuzinzeni kwe-thermal, izakhiwo zemishini kanye ne-oxygen permeability yama-membrane ayinhlanganisela kanye nemithetho yawo yacwaningwa yi-thermogravimetric analyzer, i-mechanical property tester kanye nomhloli we-oxygen permeability.Okutholakele okuyinhloko imi kanje: Imiphumela yokuhlola engenhla ibonisa ukuthi izici ze-macroscopic ezifana nezakhiwo zemishini, ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nokungena komoyampilo we-HPMC/HPS ulwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela luhlobene eduze nesakhiwo sazo sekristalu sangaphakathi kanye nesakhiwo sesifunda se-amorphous, esingathinteki kuphela ngokushintshwa kwe-HPS hydroxypropyl, kodwa. futhi nge-complex.Ithonya lokuhambisana kwengxenye ezimbili kwezinhlelo ze-Ligand. Isiphetho kanye ne-Outlook Kuleli phepha, ijeli eshisayo i-HPMC kanye nejeli ebandayo ye-HPS iyahlanganiswa, futhi i-HPMC/HPS ebandayo ne-hot reverse gel compound system iyakhiwa.Ukuhlushwa kwesixazululo, isilinganiso esihlanganisiwe kanye nomphumela wokugunda ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe ufunde ngokuhlelekile ithonya lezakhiwo ze-rheological ezifana ne-viscotroty, i-twintoction yempahla, i-oxygen permeability, ukuhambisa okukhanyayo okukhanyayo kanye nokuzinza okukhanyayo kwe-armal amafilimu ahlanganisiwe alungiswe ngendlela yokulingisa.Izakhiwo eziphelele, kanye nodaya wewayini we-Iodine ukuhambisana, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nesigaba se-morphology sohlelo lwezinhlanganisela khona kwafundwa yi-microscopy ye-optical, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-HPMC / HPS kwasungulwa.Ukuze ulawule izakhiwo zama-composites ngokulawula ukwakheka kwesigaba kanye nokuhambisana kohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS composite ngokusho kobudlelwano phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-macroscopic kanye nohlelo lwe-micromorphological lwe-composite system.Ngokutadisha imiphumela ye-HPS eguqulwe ngamakhemikhali ngamazinga ahlukene ezinhlaka ezi-Rheological, izakhiwo ze-gel, i-microscopic kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic ze-mempranes kanye ne-gel system yama-hpmc / ama-hps abandayoUbudlelwano phakathi kwalokhu okubili, futhi kwasungulwa imodeli yenyama yokucacisa indlela ye-gelation kanye nezinto zawo ezithonya kanye nemithetho yejeli ebandayo nelishisayo ohlelweni olukhona.Izifundo ezifanele zenze lezi ziphetho ezilandelayo. .Uma isilinganiso sokuhlanganisa siphezulu (okuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwe-HPMC), i-HPMC ene-viscosity ephansi iyisigaba esiqhubekayo, futhi i-HPS iyisigaba esihlakazekile.Ngohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Compound, lapho ingxenye ephansi ye-visconent yisigaba esiqhubekayo kanye nengxenye ephezulu ye-visconent yisigaba esiqhubekayo, umnikelo wokuqhamuka kwesigaba esiqhubekayo sokuvunywa kwesistimu ye-browcosity kuhluke kakhulu.Lapho i-HPMC ephansi i-HPMC iyisigaba esiqhubekayo, i-viscosity yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe ikakhulukazi ikhombisa umnikelo wokubonakala kwesigaba esiqhubekayo;lapho i-HPS ye-viscosity ephezulu iyisigaba esiqhubekayo, i-HPMC njengesigaba esihlakazekile izonciphisa i-viscosity ye-high-viscosity HPS.umphumela.Ngokukhuphuka kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS kanye nokuhlushwa kwesisombululo ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe, i-viscosity kanye ne-shenon ukuncipha komqondo wohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kancane kancane, uketshezi luyehla, kanye nokuziphatha okuqinile kohlelo oluqinile kwathuthukiswa.I-viscosity kanye ne-thixotropy ye-HPMC ilinganiswa ngokwakhiwa ne-HPS. (2) Uhlelo olungu-5: 5 oluhlanganisiwe, i-HPMC ne-HPS ingakha izigaba eziqhubekayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi naphansi, ngokulandelana.Lolu shintsho lwesakhiwo sesigaba lungathinta kakhulu i-viscosity eyinkimbinkimbi, izakhiwo ze-viscoelastic, ukuncika kwemvamisa kanye nezakhiwo ze-gel ze-gel eyinkimbinkimbi.Njengezigaba ezihlakazekile, i-HPMC ne-HPS inganquma izakhiwo ze-rheological kanye nezakhiwo zejeli zezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ze-HPMC/HPS emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi, ngokulandelana.Amajika e-viscoelastic amasampula ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS ayehambisana ne-HPS ekushiseni okuphansi kanye ne-HPMC ekushiseni okuphezulu. (3) Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-microstructure, izakhiwo ze-rheological kanye nezakhiwo zejeli zesistimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS yasungulwa.Kokubili ushintsho olungazelelwe ku-viscosity ijika yohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kanye ne-Tan Delta Peak ku-Curve Factor Curve ivela ku-45 ° C, okuhambisana nesigaba sesigaba esiqhubekayo esibonakalayo ku-micrograph (ku-45 ° C). (1) Akukho okubonakalayo okusobala kwesigaba sesigaba ezimbili esithombeni se-sem samafilimu ahlanganisiwe anezilinganiso ezihlukile ezihlanganisiwe.Iningi lamafilimu ayinhlanganisela anephuzu elilodwa kuphela lokuguqula ingilazi emiphumeleni ye-DMA, futhi iningi lamafilimu ayinhlanganisela anenani elilodwa kuphela eliphakeme lokuwohloka kokushisa kwijika le-DTG.Lokhu kuhlangene kukhombisa ukuthi i-HPMC inokuhambisana okuthile nge-HPS. (2) Umswakama ohlobene unomthelela obalulekile ezintweni eziwumshini zamafilimu ayinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS, futhi izinga lomphumela walo liyakhula ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS.Emazingeni aphansi omswakama, kokubili imodulus enwebekayo namandla aqinile amafilimu ayinhlanganisela anda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPS, futhi ukunwetshwa ngesikhathi sekhefu amafilimu ayinhlanganisela bekuphansi kakhulu kunalawo amafilimu ayingxenye emsulwa.Ngokukhuphuka komswakama ohlobene, amamojula asstic kanye namandla ashubile efilimu eyinhlanganiso anciphile, futhi ukugcwala kwekhefu kukhuphuke kakhulu, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwezindawo zefilimu ezihlanganisiwe kanye nesilinganiso esibonisayo umswakama ohlobene.Izakhiwo zemishini zolwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe olunezilinganiso ezihlukile ezihlanganisiwe zibonisa ukuhlangana ngaphansi kwemibandela ehlukene yomswakama, enikeza ithuba lokusebenzisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo ngokwezidingo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. (3) Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-microstructure, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, ukucaca kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zesistimu eyinhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS yasungulwa.a.Iphuzu eliphansi kakhulu lokucaca kwesistimu ehlanganisiwe lihambisana nephuzu loshintsho lwesigaba se-HPMC ukusuka esigabeni esiqhubekayo ukuya esigabeni esihlakazekile kanye nephuzu elincane lokuncipha kwe-tensile modulus.b.I-modulus ne-genongation ye-ve young ekwehliseni ukwehla ngokwanda kokuhlushwa kwesixazululo, okuhlobene ngokuqinile ekushintsheni kwe-HPMC kusuka esigabeni esiqhubekayo esigabeni esiqhubekayo. (4) Ukwengezwa kwe-HPS kwandisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiteshi somoya-mpilo ku-membrane eyinhlanganisela, kunciphisa kakhulu ukutholakala kwe-oksijini ye-membrane, futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza komgoqo we-oksijini we-membrane ye-HPMC. .i-hydroxypropylation ye-HPS inganciphisa indawo eqondile ye-viscoelastic yesistimu ye-compound, inciphise izinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa kwesigaba sesistimu yenhlanganisela ye-HPMC/HPS, futhi ithuthukise ukuziphatha okuqinile kwesistimu yekhompiyutha ekushiseni okuphansi kanye ne-fluidity ekushiseni okuphezulu. .Ukwethulwa kwamaqembu amaningi we-hydroxypropyl ku-Starch Moleculat chain akhawulela ukubopha okuhlanganisiwe nokuhlelwa kabusha kwama-HPS amamololemu, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwesakhiwo esizimele kakhulu se-HPS.Ngohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, ukwanda kwezinga le-hydroxypropyll afaka esikhundleni se-HPMC Molecule ukufaka i-HPMC-Like HOLCECES ukufaka i-HPSCC Molekyuli ye-HPS, ethuthukisa ukuhambisana kohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-HPS.Ukuhambisana kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kukhuphuka ngokukhuphuka kwe-degree efakwa esikhundleni se-Hydroxypropyl Group, ehambisana nemiphumela yezakhiwo ze-Rheological. .Umphumela ohlanganisiwe wemiphumela emibili yokuhambisana kwezinto ezimbili. .lapho ukugxila okubalulekile kufinyelelwa, isigaba se-HPS sakhiwe kwisixazululo njenge-condensate.Isikhungo se-Gel isakhiwo se-microgel esixhumeke ngokuningiliswa kwamaketanga we-HPMC ama-molekcir;ngaphezu kokugxila okubalulekile, ukuhlangana kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukusebenzisana kunamandla, futhi isisombululo sibonisa ukuziphatha okufana nokuncibilika kwe-polymer. .Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, i-viscosity ye-HPMC iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-HPS, ngakho-ke i-HPMC yakha isigaba esiqhubekayo esiseduze kwesigaba se-HPS se-HPL esiphakeme.Emaphethelweni wezigaba ezimbili, amaqembu e-hpdroxyl eqoqweni le-HPMC alahlekelwa yingxenye yamanzi abo abophayo kanye nama-hymolecular hydrogen bond ama-hydrogen bond ane-HPS Molecula chain.Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisisa, amaketanga e-HPS amangqamuzana ahamba ngenxa yokumunca amandla anele futhi akha amabhondi e-hydrogen nama-molecule amanzi, okuholele ekuqhekekeni kwesakhiwo sejeli.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhiwo zekheji lamanzi kanye negobolondo lamanzi emaketangeni e-HPMC zacekelwa phansi, futhi kancane kancane zaphuka ukuze kuvezwe amaqembu e-hydrophilic kanye namaqoqo e-hydrophobic.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-HPMC yenza isakhiwo senethiwekhi yejeli ngenxa ye-intermolecular hydrogen bond kanye ne-hydrophobic association, futhi ngaleyo ndlela iba yisigaba esihlakazekile esiphezulu se-viscosity esihlakazekile esigabeni esiqhubekayo se-HPS yamakhoyili angahleliwe. .Ngokukhuphuka kokufakwa esikhundleni se-hydroxypropyl, kunezingcezwana ezinophayayo ezelule kakhulu kusisombululo se-hpmolecular hydrogen nge-hpmc cydrogen cheard nge-hpmc chain yamangqamuzana e-HPMC emngceleni wezigaba ezimbili, ngaleyo ndlela wakhe isakhiwo esifanayo.I-Hydroxyproppyylitation inciphisa ukubonwa kwesitashi, ukuze i-viscosity umehluko phakathi kwe-HPMC ne-HPS kuncishiswe, okuyinani eliphansi le-viscosity umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili ezihamba ngaphansi izinga lokushisa. 2. Amaphuzu wokuqamba 1. Dala futhi wakhe ama-HPMC / HPS ebandayo kanye ne-Hot Reversed-Phase-Phase-Isigaba se-Gel System, bese utadisha ngokuhlelekile izakhiwo ze-Rheological ezihlukile zalolu hlelo, ikakhulukazi ukugcwaliseka kwesixazululo esihlanganisiwe, izinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali zezakhi.Imithetho yethonya yezakhiwo ze-Rheological, i-gel Properties kanye ukuhambisana kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe kufundwa futhi, futhi isigaba se-morphology kanye nesigaba sohlelo lwe-Compound Stud kuhlanganiswe nokubukwa kwe-iodine stimcope, kanye ne-micro-morphological ukwakheka kwesistimu yenhlanganisela yasungulwa- Ubudlelwano bezakhiwo ze-Rheological-gel.Ngokokuqala ngqa, imodeli ye-Arrhenius yayisetshenziselwa ukulingana nomthetho wokwakheka kwe-gel kwama-gels ahlanganisiwe abuyiselwe emuva kwesigaba esisezingeni eliphakeme kumabanga okushisa ahlukene. 2. Ukusatshalaliswa kwesigaba, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nokuhambisana kohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS Composte kwaqashelwa ubuchwepheshe bokudaya microscope ama-microscope ama-microscope, kanye nezakhiwo ezenziwa ngemishini kwasungulwa ngokuhlanganisa izakhiwo ze-Optical kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zamafilimu ahlanganisiwe.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwempahla ye-microscucture kanye ne-macroscopic efana nezakhiwo-isigaba se-morphology kanye nezakhiwo ezihlushwayo-mechanic-isigaba se-morphology.Kungokokuqala ukubheka ngokuqondile umthetho wokushintsha wesigaba se-morphology yalolu hlelo oluhlanganisiwe ngesilinganiso esihlanganisiwe, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuhlushwa, ikakhulukazi izimo zokushintshwa kwesigaba kanye nomphumela wokuguqulwa kwesigaba kwizakhiwo zohlelo lwe-Compound. 3. Isakhiwo se-crystalline kanye nesakhiwo se-amorphous se-membrane ehlanganisiwe ene-HPS hydroxypropyl substitution degrees ehlukene yafundwa yi-SAXS, futhi indlela ye-gelation kanye nomthelela wama-gel ahlanganisiwe kwaxoxwa ngokuhambisana nemiphumela ye-rheological kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic ezifana nokuphefumula kwe-oksijini ye-membrane eyinhlanganisela.Izinto kanye nemithetho, kwatholakala okokuqala ukuthi i-viscosity yesistimu eyinhlanganisela ihlobene nokuminyana kwesakhiwo esifanayo kulwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela, futhi inquma ngokuqondile izakhiwo ze-macroscopic ezifana nokungena kwe-oxygen kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ze-composite. i-membrane, futhi isungula ubudlelwano be-rheological-microstructure-membrane phakathi kwezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo. 3. I-Outlook Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphephile nezidliwayo zokupakisha kusetshenziswa ama-polymer emvelo avuselelekayo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa sekuphenduke isizinda socwaningo emkhakheni wokupakisha ukudla.Kuleli phepha, i-polysaccharide yemvelo isetshenziswa njengento eyinhloko eluhlaza.Ngokuhlanganisa i-HPMC ne-HPS, izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zincishisiwe, ukusebenza kwe-HPMC emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuyathuthukiswa, futhi ukusebenza ngokuvinjelwa komoya-mpilo kolwelwesi oluhlanganisiwe.Ngokuhlanganiswa kokuhlaziywa kwe-Rheological, ukuhlaziya ama-microscope microscope ama-microscope ama-microscope abonakalayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwefilimu okuyi-micrososite kanye nokuhlaziywa kokusebenza okuphelele, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kanye nokuhambisana kohlelo lokubuyiselwa okubandayo lwesigaba esishisayo.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesakhiwo se-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo ze-macroscopic zesistimu eyinhlanganisela yasungulwa.Ngokusho kobudlelwano phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-macroscopic kanye nokwakheka kwe-micromorphological yohlelo lwe-HPMC / HPS composite, isakhiwo sesigaba kanye nokuhambisana kohlelo lwenhlanganisela kungalawulwa ukulawula impahla eyinhlanganisela.Ucwaningo olukuleli phepha lunokubaluleka kokuqondisa okubalulekile kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yangempela;Indlela yokwakheka, okuthonya izici nemithetho yama-gels abandayo neyokushisa angenayo, okuwuhlelo olufanayo lwezinhlanganisela zama-gels akhona na ashisayo.Ucwaningo lwaleli phepha luhlinzeka ngemodeli yethiyori ukuhlinzeka ngeziqondiso zethiyori ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezikhethekile ezilawulwa amazinga okushisa.Imiphumela yocwaningo yaleli phepha inenani elihle lethiyori.Ucwaningo lwaleli phepha lubandakanya ukuphambana kokudla, impahla, ijeli nokuhlanganisa neminye imikhakha.Ngenxa yomkhawulo wesikhathi nesikhathi sokucwaninga, ucwaningo lwalesi sihloko lusenamaphuzu amaningi angapheli, angajuliswa futhi athuthuke futhi athuthukiswe kulezi zinto ezilandelayo.nweba: Izici zethiyori: Isicelo:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-17-2022