Isingeniso Sokukhishwa KweCellulose Kukotini:
Ukotini, i-fiber yemvelo, yakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-cellulose, iketango le-polysaccharide elihlanganisa amayunithi e-glucose.Ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose kukotini kuhilela ukuphula imicu kakotini nokukhipha ukungcola ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo we-cellulose omsulwa.Le cellulose ekhishiwe isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezimbonini ezifana nezindwangu, amaphepha, ezemithi, nokudla.
Isinyathelo 1: Ukuvunwa Nokwelashwa Kwangaphambili Kokotini:
Ukuvuna: Imicu kakotini itholakala emabhodleleni esitshalo sikakotini.Amabholo athathwa lapho esevuthiwe futhi eqhuma, eveza imicu emhlophe ethambile ngaphakathi.
Ukuhlanza: Ngemva kokuvuna, ukotini uba nezinqubo zokuhlanza ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okunjengokungcola, imbewu, nezicucu zamaqabunga.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-cellulose ekhishiwe ihlanzekile kakhulu.
Ukomisa: Ikotini ehlanziwe bese yomiswa ukuze kukhishwe umswakama oweqile.Ukomisa kubalulekile njengoba ukotini omanzi kungaholela ekukhuleni kwamagciwane, okungehlisa izinga le-cellulose.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukucutshungulwa kweMechanical:
Ukuvula Nokuhlanza: Ukotini omisiwe ucutshungulwa ngomshini ukuze kuhlukaniswe imicu futhi kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele.Le nqubo ihilela ukuvula amabhala kakotini futhi uwadlulise emishinini eqhubeka ihlanza futhi ixube imicu.
Ikhadi: Ukwenza amakhadi kuyinqubo yokuqondanisa imicu kakotini ngohlelo oluhambisanayo ukuze kwakhiwe iwebhu encane.Lesi sinyathelo sisiza ekuzuzeni ukufana ekuhlelweni kwefayibha, okubalulekile ekucutshungulweni okulandelayo.
Umdwebo: Ekudwebeni, imicu enamakhadi iyanwetshwa futhi yehliswe ibe ukujiya kakhudlwana.Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi imicu isakazwa ngokulinganayo futhi iqondaniswe, ithuthukisa amandla kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina we-cellulose.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukucubungula Amakhemikhali (I-Mercerization):
I-Mercerization: I-Mercerization iwukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izici zemicu ye-cellulose, okuhlanganisa amandla akhulayo, ukucwebezela, kanye nokuhambisana kodayi.Kule nqubo, izintambo zikakotini ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) noma enye i-alkali ekugxilweni okukhethekile kanye nezinga lokushisa.
Ukuvuvukala: Ukwelashwa kwe-alkali kubangela ukuthi imicu ye-cellulose ivuvuke, okuholela ekwandeni kobubanzi bayo nendawo engaphezulu.Lokhu kuvuvukala kuveza amaqembu e-hydroxyl engeziwe endaweni ye-cellulose, okuyenza isebenze kakhulu ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okulandelayo.
Ukuhlanza kanye Neutralization: Ngemva kwe-mercerization, imicu ihlanzwa kahle ukuze kukhishwe i-alkali eyengeziwe.I-alkali inqanyuliwe kusetshenziswa isixazululo esine-asidi ukuzinzisa i-cellulose futhi ivimbele ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwengeziwe.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ukudonsa:
Ukuncibilikisa I-Cellulose: Izintambo zikakotini ezenziwe nge-mercerized zibe sezifakwa ngaphansi kwe-pulping, lapho zichithwa ku-solvent ukuze kukhishwe i-cellulose.Izinyibilikisi ezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukuchithwa kwe-cellulose zifaka i-N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) noketshezi lwe-ionic njenge-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]).
I-Homogenization: Isixazululo se-cellulose esincibilikisiwe sihlanganiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana nokuvumelana.Lesi sinyathelo sisiza ekuzuzeni isisombululo se-cellulose se-homogeneous esifanele ukusetshenzwa okwengeziwe.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Ukukhiqiza kabusha:
Ukuzikisa: Uma i-cellulose isincibilikisiwe, idinga ukuvuselelwa kusuka ku-solvent.Lokhu kufezwa ngokufaka isixazululo se-cellulose endaweni yokugeza engancibiliki.I-non-solvent ibangela ukuthi i-cellulose iphinde ibe nemvula ngesimo semicu noma into efana nejeli.
Ukugeza Nokomisa: I-cellulose evuselelwe igezwa kahle ukuze kukhishwe noma yiziphi izincibilikisi ezisele kanye nokungcola.Bese yomiswa ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo wokugcina we-cellulose ngesimo semicu, ama-flakes, noma impushana, kuye ngokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.
Isinyathelo sesi-6: Ukwenziwa kwezinhlamvu nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi:
Ukuhlaziya: I-cellulose ekhishiwe ingena kumasu ahlukahlukene okuhlaziya ukuze ihlole ubumsulwa bayo, isisindo samangqamuzana, ubukristali, nezinye izici.Amasu afana ne-X-ray diffraction (XRD), i-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), kanye ne-electron microscopy (SEM) yokuskena (SEM) avame ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-cellulose.
Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi: Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi zisetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhipha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungaguquguquki nokuhambisana namazinga athile.Amapharamitha anjengokugxilisa i-solvent, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi sokucubungula kuyagadwa futhi kwenziwe ngcono ukuze kuzuzwe ikhwalithi efiswayo ye-cellulose.
Isinyathelo sesi-7: Ukusetshenziswa kweCellulose:
Izindwangu: I-Cellulose ekhishwe ukotini isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yendwangu ekwenzeni izindwangu, izintambo, nezingubo.Yaziswa ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo, ukumunca, nokuphefumula.
Iphepha Nokupakishwa: I-Cellulose iyisithako esiyinhloko ekukhiqizeni iphepha, amakhadibhodi, nezinto zokupakisha.Inikeza amandla, ukuqina, nokuphrinta kule mikhiqizo.
Ezemithi: Okuphuma ku-cellulose njenge-cellulose acetate ne-hydroxypropyl cellulose asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemithi njengama-binders, ama-disintegrants, nama-ejenti akhululwayo alawulwayo.
Ukudla Neziphuzo: Izinto eziphuma ku-cellulose njenge-methyl cellulose ne-carboxymethyl cellulose zisetshenziswa embonini yokudla njengezithako, iziqinisi, nezithakimisi emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo.
Ukukhipha i-cellulose kukotini kuhilela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezihlanganisa ukuvuna, ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukucubungula ngomshini, ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali, ukuxubha, ukuvuselelwa, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlamvu.Isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni i-cellulose ehlanzekile ngezinto ezifiselekayo.I-cellulose ekhishiwe inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene kuzo zonke izimboni ezifana nezindwangu, iphepha, imithi, nokudla, okuyenza ibe i-polymer yemvelo ebalulekile futhi eguquguqukayo.Izinqubo ezisebenza kahle zokukhipha kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ziqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose yekhwalithi ephezulu efanelekile izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-06-2024