1. Nchịkọta bụ isi nke ụlọ ọrụ:
Ethers cellulose na-abụghị ionic gụnyere HPMC, HEC, MHEC, MC, HPC, wdg, a na-ejikarị ya dị ka ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri, ndị na-ekekọta, ndị na-ekesa, ndị na-ejide mmiri, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, emulsifiers na stabilizers, wdg, na-ejikarị eme ihe. n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka mkpuchi, ihe ụlọ, ngwaahịa kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, nchọpụta mmanụ na gas, ọgwụ, nri, textiles, ịde akwụkwọ, wdg, n'ime nke kachasị ukwuu bụ n'akụkụ ihe mkpuchi na ihe ụlọ.
Ionic cellulose ethers bụ nke kachasị CMC na ngwaahịa PAC emezigharịrị.E jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-abụghị ionic cellulose ethers, ionic cellulose ethers nwere okpomọkụ na-adịghị mma, nguzogide nnu na nkwụsi ike, na ọrụ ha na-emetụta nke ukwuu site n'èzí ụwa.Ma ọ dị mfe imeghachi omume na Ca2 + dị na ụfọdụ mkpuchi na ihe ụlọ iji mepụta mmiri ozuzo, n'ihi ya, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọhịa nke ihe owuwu ụlọ na mkpuchi.Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na nke ọma mmiri solubility, ndim, bonding, film e guzobere, mmiri njigide na dispersion kwụsie ike, tinyere tozuru okè mmepụta technology na dịtụ ala mmepụta ego, ọ na-tumadi ji detergents, mmanụ na gas exploration na Food mgbakwunye na ndị ọzọ ubi. .
2. Akụkọ mmepe ụlọ ọrụ:
① Development akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether ụlọ ọrụ: Na 1905, etherification nke cellulose e nwetara na nke mbụ n'ụwa, na-eji dimethyl sulfate na alkali-swelled cellulose maka methylation.Nonionic cellulose ethers bụ nke Lilienfeld kwadoro na 1912, na Dreyfus (1914) na Leuchs (1920) nwetara ethers cellulose na-edozi mmiri na mmanụ-soluble, n'otu n'otu.Hubert mere HEC na 1920. Ná mmalite 1920s, a na-ere ahịa carboxymethylcellulose na Germany.Site na 1937 ruo 1938, United States ghọtara mmepụta mmepụta nke MC na HEC.Mgbe 1945 gasịrị, mmepụta nke cellulose ether gbasaa ngwa ngwa na Western Europe, United States na Japan.Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu narị afọ nke mmepe gasịrị, ether na-abụghị ionic cellulose abụrụla ihe ọkụkụ na-emepụta kemịkal a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụwa.
A ka nwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe na mba ndị mepere emepe n'ihe gbasara usoro mmepụta ọkwa na mpaghara ngwa ngwaahịa nke ethers cellulose na-abụghị ionic.N'ihe gbasara teknụzụ mmepụta ihe, mba ndị mepere emepe dị ka Europe, North America, na Japan nwere nkà na ụzụ na nkà na ụzụ tozuru oke, ma na-emepụta ngwa ngwa dị elu dị ka mkpuchi, nri, na ọgwụ;Mba ndị na-emepe emepe nwere nnukwu ọchịchọ maka CMC na HPMC, nkà na ụzụ na-esikwa ike ịmepụta ngwaahịa cellulose ether na ihe dị ntakịrị ihe a chọrọ bụ isi mmepụta, na ubi nke ihe owuwu bụ isi ahịa ndị ahịa.
N'ihe gbasara mpaghara ngwa, mba ndị mepere emepe dị ka Europe na United States ewepụtala usoro mmepụta ihe zuru oke ma tozuru oke maka ngwaahịa ether cellulose ha n'ihi ihe ndị dị ka mmalite mmalite na ike R&D siri ike, na ngwa mgbada na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ mpaghara. akụ na ụba mba;ebe mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe N'ihi obere oge mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ cellulose ether, ohere nke ngwa dị ntakịrị karịa nke mba ndị mepere emepe.Otú ọ dị, site n'iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emewanyewanye ọkwa mmepe akụ na ụba nke mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe, agbụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, na ngwa ngwa na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye.
②HEC akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ọrụ: HEC bụ ihe dị mkpa hydroxyalkyl cellulose na ether cellulose soluble mmiri nwere nnukwu mmepụta ihe na ụwa.
Ojiji ethylene oxide mmiri mmiri dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe iji kwadebe HEC emeela usoro ọhụrụ maka mmepụta cellulose ether.Teknụzụ dị mkpa na ikike mmepụta bụ nke etinyere na nnukwu ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ na Europe, America, Japan na South Korea.HEC na obodo m bụ nke mbụ mepụtara na 1977 site na Wuxi Chemical Research Institute na Harbin Chemical No. ngwaahịa.Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ihe ndị dị ka nkà na ụzụ na-adaghachi azụ na nkwụsi ike ngwaahịa adịghị mma, ọ daghị asọmpi dị irè na ndị na-emepụta mba ụwa.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị na-emepụta ụlọ dị ka Yin Ying New Materials ejiriwo nwayọọ nwayọọ mebie ihe mgbochi teknụzụ, usoro mmepụta kachasị mma, mepụta ike mmepụta ihe maka ngwaahịa dị mma, ma tinye ya n'ụdị nke ịzụ ahịa site n'aka ndị na-emepụta ala, na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite usoro nke ụlọ. nnọchi.
3. Isi arụmọrụ egosi na usoro nkwadebe nke na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether:
(1) Ihe ngosi arụmọrụ kachasị nke ether cellulose na-abụghị ionic: ihe ndị na-egosi arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ndị na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether bụ ogo nke nnọchi na viscosity, wdg.
(2) Teknụzụ nkwadebe ether na-abụghị ionic cellulose: Na usoro mmepụta nke cellulose ether, ma cellulose raw na ether cellulose ether nke mbụ kpụrụ dị na steeti multiphase agwakọta.N'ihi na-akpali usoro, ihe ruru na akụrụngwa ụdị, wdg Theoretically na-ekwu okwu, ndị cellulose ethers nwetara site heterogeneous mmeghachi omume niile inhomogeneous, na e nwere ndịiche na ọnọdụ, ukwu na ngwaahịa ịdị ọcha nke ether iche iche, ya bụ, na nwetara. cellulose ethers dị iche iche cellulose macromolecular agbụ, Ọnụ ọgụgụ na nkesa nke nnọchi na dị iche iche glucose mgbanaka otu na otu cellulose macromolecule na C (2), C (3) na C (6) na onye ọ bụla mgbanaka cellulose dị iche iche.Otu esi edozi nsogbu nke ngbanwe na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-edozi njikwa na usoro mmepụta nke cellulose ether.
Iji chịkọta ọnụ, ọgwụgwọ akụrụngwa, alkalization, etherification, ịsacha nchacha na usoro ndị ọzọ na usoro mmepụta nke cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic, niile nwere ihe dị elu chọrọ maka teknụzụ nkwadebe, njikwa usoro na akụrụngwa mmepụta;n'otu oge ahụ, uka mmepụta nke elu-edu ngwaahịa chọrọ ọgaranya ahụmahụ na oru oma mmepụta nzukọ ike.
4. Nyochaa ọkwa ngwa ahịa:
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ngwaahịa HEC eme ihe na mkpuchi mkpuchi, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, ma ngwaahịa ndị dị otú ahụ n'onwe ha nwekwara ike iji n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ dị ka nri, ọgwụ, mmanụ na gas nchọpụta;A na-ejikarị ngwaahịa MHEC eme ihe n'ọhịa nke ihe owuwu ụlọ.
(1)ubi mkpuchi:
Ihe mgbakwunye mkpuchi mkpuchi bụ ngwa kachasị mkpa nke ngwaahịa HEC.E jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ionic cellulose ethers, HEC nwere uru doro anya dị ka ihe mgbakwunye mkpuchi: Nke mbụ, HEC nwere nkwụsi ike nchekwa dị mma, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ọgụ mgbochi nke enzymes ndu na glucose nkeji iji nọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke viscosity, Gbaa mbọ hụ na mkpuchi ahụ agaghị adị. egosi delamination mgbe oge nchekwa;nke abụọ, HEC nwere ezigbo solubility, HEC nwere ike ịgbaze na mmiri ọkụ ma ọ bụ oyi, ma nwee oge igbu oge hydration mgbe agbazere na mmiri oyi, ọ gaghị eme ka gel clustering , Ezi dispersibility na solubility;Nke atọ, HEC nwere ezigbo mmepe agba na ezi miscibility na ọtụtụ agba agba, nke mere na agba a kwadebere nwere ezigbo agba agba na nkwụsi ike.
(2)Ogige ihe owuwu:
Ọ bụ ezie na HEC nwere ike izute ihe ndị chọrọ cellulose ether mgbakwunye na ubi nke ụlọ ihe, n'ihi na nke elu nkwadebe na-eri, na dịtụ ala chọrọ maka ngwaahịa Njirimara na workability nke ngwa agha na putty tụnyere coatings, nkịtị ụlọ ihe na-ahọrọkarị HPMC ma ọ bụ MHEC. dị ka isi cellulose ether mgbakwunye.E jiri ya tụnyere HPMC, usoro kemịkalụ nke MHEC nwere ọtụtụ hydrophilic dị iche iche, ya mere ọ na-akwụsi ike na okpomọkụ dị elu, ya bụ, ọ nwere nkwụsi ike dị mma.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, e jiri ya tụnyere HPMC nke ihe owuwu ụlọ, ọ nwere okpomọkụ dị elu dị elu, na njide mmiri ya na adhesion na-esiwanye ike mgbe ejiri ya na gburugburu okpomọkụ dị elu.
(3)Ngalaba kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị:
Ethers cellulose a na-ejikarị na kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị bụ CMC na HEC.E jiri ya tụnyere CMC, HEC nwere ụfọdụ uru na ịdị n'otu, ihe mgbaze na nkwụsi ike.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji CMC dị ka nrapado maka ngwaahịa kemịkalụ nkịtị kwa ụbọchị na-enweghị usoro mgbakwunye ọrụ pụrụ iche.Otú ọ dị, anionic CMC na-enwe mmetụta maka ion ntinye uche dị elu, nke ga-ebelata ọrụ ntanye nke CMC, na iji CMC na ngwaahịa kemịkal pụrụ iche na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị nwere oke.Iji HEC dị ka onye na-ekekọta ihe na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke onye na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ megide ions dị elu, na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke ngwaahịa kemịkal kwa ụbọchị dịkwuo mma ma na-agbatị oge nchekwa.
(4)Ogige nchekwa gburugburu:
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ngwaahịa HEC eme ihe na nrapado na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke ngwaahịa seramiiki na-ebu mmanụ aṅụ.A na-ejikarị ebu seramiiki agbụgbọ mmanụ aṅụ na iyuzucha mgbe usoro ọgwụgwọ nke n'ime ụlọ combustion engines dị ka ụgbọ ala na ụgbọ mmiri, ma na-arụ ọrụ nke iyuzucha gas ọgwụgwọ iru eru erukwa ikuku.
5. Ọnọdụ ahịa dị ugbu a n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ:
(1)Nchịkọta nke ahịa nonionic cellulose ether zuru ụwa ọnụ:
Site n'echiche nke ikesa mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ, 43% nke mkpokọta cellulose ether zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2018 sitere na Asia (China nwetara 79% nke mmepụta Asia), Western Europe ruru 36%, na North America nwetara 8%.Site n'echiche nke ọchịchọ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka cellulose ether, oriri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke cellulose ether na 2018 bụ ihe dịka 1.1 nde tọn.Site na 2018 ruo 2023, oriri nke cellulose ether ga-eto na nkezi ọnụego kwa afọ nke 2.9%.
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke mkpokọta cellulose ether zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ ionic cellulose (nke CMC na-anọchi anya ya), bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ncha, mmanụ mmanụ na ihe mgbakwunye nri;Ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ bụ ndị na-abụghị ionic methyl cellulose na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya (nke HPMC na-anọchi anya ya), na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ isii bụ hydroxyethyl cellulose na usoro ya na ethers cellulose ndị ọzọ.Mmụba a na-achọ maka ethers cellulose na-abụghị ionic bụ nke sitere na ngwa n'ọhịa nke ihe owuwu ụlọ, mkpuchi, nri, ọgwụ na kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị.Site n'echiche nke nkesa mpaghara nke ahịa ndị ahịa, ahịa Eshia bụ ahịa na-eto ngwa ngwa.Site na 2014 ruo 2019, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmụba kwa afọ maka cellulose ether na Asia ruru 8.24%.N'ime ha, isi ihe na-achọsi ike na Eshia sitere na China, na-aza 23% nke mkpokọta ụwa niile.
(2)Nchịkọta nke ụlọ ahịa ether cellulose na-abụghị ionic:
Na China, ionic cellulose ethers nke CMC nọchitere anya ya mepụtara na mbụ, na-etolite usoro mmepụta nke tozuru oke na nnukwu ikike mmepụta.Dabere na data IHS, ndị na-emepụta China ejirila ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke ikike mmepụta ụwa nke ngwaahịa CMC bụ isi.Mmepe nke cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic malitere n'oge na-adịghị anya na mba m, mana ọganihu mmepe na-adị ngwa ngwa.
Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe gasịrị, ahịa ether cellulose na-abụghị ionic nke China enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu.N'afọ 2021, ikike imepụta ihe eji arụ ụlọ-ọkwa HPMC ga-eru tọn 117,600, nsonaazụ ga-abụ tọn 104,300, olu ahịa ga-abụ tọn 97,500.Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na uru mpaghara achọpụtala n'ụzọ bụ isi dochie anya ụlọ.Otú ọ dị, maka ngwaahịa HEC, n'ihi mmalite mmalite nke R & D na mmepụta na mba m, usoro mmepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya na ihe mgbochi dị elu nke nkà na ụzụ, ikike mmepụta nke ugbu a, mmepụta na ahịa ahịa nke ngwaahịa HEC dị ntakịrị.Otú ọ dị, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ na-anọgide na-amụba ego na nyocha na mmepe, melite ọkwa nkà na ụzụ ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike ịzụlite ndị ahịa ala, mmepụta na ahịa na-eto ngwa ngwa.Dị ka data sitere na China Cellulose Industry Association si kwuo, na 2021, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ HEC (gụnyere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, ihe niile) nwere ikike mmepụta nke tọn 19,000, mmepụta nke 17,300 tọn, na ahịa ahịa nke 16,800. tọn.N'ime ha, ikike mmepụta mụbara site na 72.73% kwa afọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2020, mmepụta mụbara site na 43.41% kwa afọ, na olu ahịa mụbara site na 40.60% kwa afọ.
Dị ka ihe mgbakwunye, ọnụ ahịa ahịa nke HEC na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na ọchịchọ nke ahịa ala.Dị ka mpaghara ngwa ngwa kachasị mkpa nke HEC, ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi nwere njikọ dị mma na ụlọ ọrụ HEC na mmepụta na nkesa ahịa.Site n'echiche nke nkesa ahịa, a na-ekesa ahịa ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi na Jiangsu, Zhejiang na Shanghai na East China, Guangdong na South China, n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, na Sichuan na Southwest China.N'ime ha, mmepụta ihe mkpuchi na Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai na Fujian ruru ihe dịka 32%, na na South China na Guangdong ruru ihe dịka 20%.5 n'elu.A na-etinyekwa ahịa maka ngwaahịa HEC na Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong na Fujian.A na-ejikarị HEC eme ihe ugbu a na mkpuchi ụlọ, ma ọ dabara maka ụdị mkpuchi mmiri ọ bụla na-adabere na njirimara ngwaahịa ya.
N'afọ 2021, a na-atụ anya na mkpokọta kwa afọ nke mkpuchi China ga-abụ ihe dị ka nde tọn 25.82, na mmepụta nke mkpuchi ụlọ na mkpuchi ụlọ ọrụ ga-abụ tọn 7.51 nde na tọn 18.31 n'otu n'otu.Ihe mkpuchi nke mmiri na-eme ugbu a ihe dị ka 90% nke mkpuchi ụlọ, yana gbasara 25%, a na-eme atụmatụ na mmepụta agba mmiri nke obodo m na 2021 ga-abụ ihe dị ka nde tọn 11.3365.N'ụzọ doro anya, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke HEC agbakwunyere na agba mmiri bụ 0.1% na 0.5%, gbakọọ na nkezi nke 0.3%, na-eche na agba mmiri niile na-eji HEC dị ka ihe mgbakwunye, ihe mba chọrọ maka agba-ọkwa HEC bụ ihe gbasara. 34,000 tọn.Dabere na mkpokọta mkpuchi mkpuchi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nde tọn 97.6 na 2020 (nke mkpuchi ụlọ na-akpata 58.20% na mkpuchi ụlọ ọrụ na-aza 41.80%), a na-eche na ọ dị mkpa maka mkpuchi ọkwa HEC dị ihe dị ka tọn 184,000.
N'ịchịkọta, ugbu a, òkè ahịa nke mkpuchi mkpuchi HEC nke ndị na-emepụta ụlọ na China ka dị ala, na ndị na-emepụta ụlọ ahịa na-abụkarị ndị na-emepụta mba ụwa nke Ashland nke United States na-anọchi anya ya, na e nwere nnukwu ohere maka ụlọ. nnọchi.Site n'ịkwalite àgwà ngwaahịa HEC nke ụlọ na mgbasawanye nke mmepụta ihe, ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-asọmpi na ndị na-emepụta mba ụwa na ala ala nke ihe mkpuchi na-anọchi anya ya.Ngbanwe nke ụlọ na asọmpi ahịa mba ụwa ga-abụ usoro mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ a n'ime oge ụfọdụ n'ọdịnihu.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-01-2023