Menene ayyuka da buƙatun kayan daban-daban a cikin turmi mai daidaita kai na tushen gypsum?

(1) Gypsum

Dangane da albarkatun da aka yi amfani da su, an raba shi zuwa nau'in anhydrite II da α-hemihydrate gypsum.Kayayyakin da suke amfani da su sune:

① Nau'in II anhydrous gypsum

Ya kamata a zaɓi gypsum mai haske ko alabaster tare da babban matsayi da laushi mai laushi.Matsakaicin zafin jiki yana tsakanin 650 zuwa 800 ° C, kuma hydration ana aiwatar da shi a ƙarƙashin aikin mai kunnawa.

②-Gypsum hemihydrate

-Fasaha na samar da hemihydrate gypsum yafi hada da busassun tsarin jujjuyawa da rigar jujjuya tsarin juzu'i galibi hadewar bushewa da bushewa.

(2) Siminti

Lokacin shirya gypsum mai daidaita kai, ana iya ƙara ƙaramin siminti, kuma manyan ayyukansa sune:

①Samar da yanayin alkaline don wasu abubuwan haɓakawa;

② Haɓaka ƙima mai laushi na gypsum taurare jiki;

③ Inganta slurry ruwa;

④ Daidaita lokacin saitin nau'in Ⅱ gypsum mai sarrafa kansa mai anhydrous.

Simintin da aka yi amfani da shi shine siminti 42.5R Portland.Lokacin shirya gypsum mai launin kai, ana iya amfani da farar siminti na Portland.Adadin siminti da aka ƙara ba a yarda ya wuce 15%.

(3) Saita mai sarrafa lokaci

A cikin turmi gypsum mai daidaita kai, idan an yi amfani da nau'in gypsum anhydrous nau'in II, yakamata a yi amfani da na'ura mai sauri, kuma idan an yi amfani da gypsum -hemihydrate, gabaɗaya yakamata a yi amfani da retarder.

① Coagulant: Ya ƙunshi daban-daban sulfates da gishiri biyu, irin su calcium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate da alums daban-daban, irin su alum (aluminum potassium sulfate), ja alum (potassium dichromate) , bile alum ( jan karfe sulfate), da dai sauransu:

②Mai jinkirtawa:

Citric acid ko trisodium citrate shine gypsum retarder da aka saba amfani dashi.Yana da sauƙi mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana da tasiri na raguwa a fili da ƙananan farashi, amma kuma zai rage ƙarfin gypsum taurare jiki.Sauran gypsum retarders da za a iya amfani da su sun hada da: glue, casein glue, sitaci ragowar, tannic acid, tartaric acid, da dai sauransu.

(4) Wakilin rage ruwa

Ruwan gypsum mai daidaita kai shine babban batu.Domin samun slurry na gypsum tare da ruwa mai kyau, ƙara yawan shan ruwa kawai ba makawa zai haifar da raguwar ƙarfin gypsum taurara, har ma da zubar jini, wanda zai sa saman ya yi laushi, ya rasa foda, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi ba.Don haka, dole ne a gabatar da mai rage ruwa na gypsum don ƙara yawan ruwa na gypsum slurry.Abubuwan da suka dace don shirye-shiryen gypsum masu daidaitawa sun haɗa da naphthalene-based superplasticizers, polycarboxylate high-efficiency superplasticizers, da dai sauransu.

(5) Wakilin rike ruwa

Lokacin da gypsum slurry mai kai tsaye yana daidaitawa, an rage yawan ruwa na slurry saboda shayar da ruwa na tushe.Don samun madaidaicin matakin gypsum slurry, ban da nasa ruwa don biyan buƙatun, slurry kuma dole ne ya sami kyakkyawan riƙewar ruwa.Kuma saboda fineness da takamaiman nauyi na gypsum da ciminti a cikin kayan tushe sun bambanta sosai, slurry yana da saurin lalatawa yayin aiwatar da kwararar ruwa da tsarin taurara a tsaye.Don kauce wa abubuwan da ke sama, ya zama dole don ƙara ƙaramin adadin ruwa.Abubuwan da ke riƙe da ruwa gabaɗaya suna amfani da abubuwan cellulose, irin su methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose da carboxypropyl cellulose.

(6) polymer

Inganta abrasion, fasa da juriya na ruwa na kayan matakin kai ta amfani da polymer foda masu sake tarwatsawa

(7) Defoamer Don kawar da kumfa na iska da aka haifar yayin tsarin hada kayan aiki, ana amfani da tributyl phosphate gabaɗaya.

(8) filler

Ana amfani da shi don guje wa rarrabuwa na abubuwan daidaita kayan kai don samun ingantaccen ruwa.Fillers da za a iya amfani da su, kamar dolomite, calcium carbonate, ƙasa tashi ash, ƙasa da ruwa-quenched slag, lafiya yashi, da dai sauransu.

(9) Jima'i mai kyau

Manufar ƙara tara mai kyau shine don rage bushewar bushewar gypsum mai taurare jiki, ƙara ƙarfin saman da kuma sa juriya na taurare jiki, kuma gabaɗaya amfani da yashi quartz.

Menene buƙatun kayan buƙatun don turmi mai matakin kai na gypsum?

Nau'in β-nau'in hemihydrate gypsum da aka samu ta hanyar ƙididdige gypsum dihydrate na farko tare da tsafta fiye da 90% ko nau'in α-nau'in hemihydrate gypsum da aka samu ta autoclaving ko haɗin hydrothermal.

Active admixture: kai matakin kayan iya amfani da gardama ash, slag foda, da dai sauransu a matsayin aiki admixtures, da manufar shi ne don inganta barbashi gradation na abu da kuma inganta yi na kayan taurare jiki.Slag foda yana shan maganin hydration a cikin yanayin alkaline, wanda zai iya inganta haɓakawa da kuma ƙarfin tsarin kayan aiki daga baya.

Kayan aikin siminti na farko-ƙarfin: Don tabbatar da lokacin gini, kayan haɓaka kai suna da wasu buƙatu don ƙarfin farko (yawanci 24h flexural and compressive ƙarfi).Ana amfani da simintin sulphoaluminate azaman kayan aikin siminti na farkon-ƙarfi.Simintin sulphoaluminate yana da saurin hydration da sauri da ƙarfin farko, wanda zai iya biyan buƙatun farkon ƙarfin kayan.

Mai kunnawa Alkali: Kayan siminti mai hade da gypsum yana da mafi girman ƙarfin bushewa a ƙarƙashin matsakaicin yanayin alkaline.Quicklime da ciminti 32.5 za a iya amfani da su don daidaita ƙimar pH don samar da yanayin alkaline don hydration na kayan siminti.

Coagulant: Lokacin saiti shine mahimman bayanin aiki na kayan matakin kai.Gajere ko tsayi da yawa ba ya da amfani ga gini.Coagulant yana motsa ayyukan gypsum, yana haɓaka saurin ɗimbin crystallization na dihydrate gypsum, yana rage lokacin saiti, kuma yana kiyaye saiti da lokacin taurare kayan matakin kai a cikin kewayon da ya dace.

Wakilin Rage Ruwa: Don haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da ƙarfi na kayan haɓaka kai, ya zama dole don rage ƙimar ruwa mai ɗaurin ruwa.A ƙarƙashin yanayin kiyaye ruwa mai kyau na kayan haɓaka kai, ya zama dole don ƙara wakilai masu rage ruwa.Ana amfani da mai rage ruwa na tushen naphthalene, kuma tsarin rage ruwa shi ne cewa rukunin sulfonate a cikin kwayoyin da ke rage ruwa na naphthalene da kwayoyin ruwa suna da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen, suna samar da fim na ruwa mai tsayi a saman gelled. abu, yana sauƙaƙa samar da ruwa tsakanin sassan kayan.Zazzagewa, ta haka ne rage yawan adadin ruwan da ake buƙata da kuma inganta tsarin daɗaɗɗen jikin kayan.

Wakilin da ke riƙe da ruwa: ana gina kayan da za su daidaita kansu a kan ƙasa, kuma kauri na ginin yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, kuma ana samun sauƙin shayar da ruwa ta gindin ƙasa, yana haifar da rashin isasshen ruwa na kayan, fashewa a saman, da ragewa. ƙarfi.A cikin wannan gwajin, an zaɓi methyl cellulose (MC) azaman wakili mai riƙe da ruwa.MC yana da kyau mai laushi, riƙewar ruwa da kaddarorin samar da fim, don kada kayan haɓakar kai ba su zubar da jini ba kuma suna da ruwa sosai.

Redispersible latex foda (nan gaba ake magana a kai a matsayin latex foda): Latex foda zai iya ƙara na roba modulus na kai matakin kayan, inganta tsaga juriya, bond ƙarfi da ruwa juriya.

Defoamer: Defoamer na iya inganta abubuwan da aka bayyana na kayan aikin kai tsaye, rage kumfa lokacin da aka kafa kayan, kuma yana da wani tasiri akan inganta ƙarfin kayan.