Kuyini ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali we-polyanionic cellulose

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) iphuma kokunye okushintshwe amakhemikhali ku-cellulose, okuyi-polysaccharide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo.I-PAC ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukumba uwoyela, ukucubungula ukudla, ezemithi, nezimonyo, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile.Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, ukwakheka, kanye nezakhiwo kuyenza ibe isengezo esibalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi zokusebenza.

Isakhiwo seCellulose:

I-Cellulose iyi-polysaccharide eqondile eyakhiwe amayunithi aphindayo ama-molecule e-β-D-glucose axhunywe ngamabhondi e-β(1→4) e-glycosidic.Iyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose iqukethe amaqembu amathathu e-hydroxyl (-OH), abalulekile ekuguqulweni kwamakhemikhali.

Ukuguqulwa Kwekhemikhali:

I-Polyanionic cellulose ikhiqizwa ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-cellulose.Inqubo yokuguqula ihlanganisa ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-anionic kumgogodla we-cellulose, iwunikeze izici ezithile.Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokushintsha i-cellulose zifaka ukusabela kwe-etherification kanye ne-esterification.

Amaqembu e-Anionic:

Amaqembu e-anionic engezwe ku-cellulose ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa anikeza izici ze-polyanionic ku-polymer ewumphumela.Lawa maqembu angafaka i-carboxylate (-COO⁻), i-sulfate (-OSO₃⁻), noma amaqembu e-phosphate (-OPO₃⁻).Ukukhethwa kweqembu le-anionic kuncike ezintweni ezifunwayo kanye nezicelo ezihlosiwe ze-polyanionic cellulose.

Ukubunjwa Kwekhemikhali kwe-PAC:

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-polyanionic cellulose kuyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela ethile yokuhlanganisa kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, i-PAC iqukethe ikakhulukazi umgogodla we-cellulose namaqembu e-anionic anamathiselwe kuwo.I-degree of substitution (DS), ebhekisela enanini eliyisilinganiso lamaqembu e-anionic ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose, ingahluka futhi ibe nomthelela omkhulu kuzakhiwo ze-PAC.

Isibonelo Sesakhiwo Sekhemikhali:

Isibonelo sesakhiwo samakhemikhali se-polyanionic cellulose enamaqembu e-carboxylate simi kanje:

Isakhiwo se-Polyanionic Cellulose

Kulesi sakhiwo, imibuthano eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka imelela amayunithi eglucose womgogodla we-cellulose, futhi imibuthano ebomvu imele amaqembu e-carboxylate anionic (-COO⁻) axhunywe kwamanye amayunithi eglucose.

Izakhiwo:

I-Polyanionic cellulose ikhombisa izinto eziningi ezifiselekayo, kufaka phakathi:

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Rheology: Kungalawula i-viscosity nokulahlekelwa uketshezi emisebenzini ehlukahlukene, njengoketshezi lokumba embonini kawoyela.

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi: I-PAC ingakwazi ukumunca futhi igcine amanzi, iwenze abe wusizo emikhiqizweni edinga ukulawulwa komswakama, njengemikhiqizo yokudla noma ukwakheka kwemithi.

Ukuzinza: Kuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokusebenza ekwakhiweni okuhlukahlukene ngokuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba noma ukuhlanganisa.

I-Biocompatibility: Ezinhlelweni eziningi, i-PAC isebenzisana ne-biocompatible futhi ayinabo ubuthi, okuyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yezemithi neyokudla.

Izicelo:

I-Polyanionic cellulose ithola ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene:

Uketshezi lokumba uwoyela: I-PAC iyisengezo esibalulekile ekudakeni odakeni ukulawula i-viscosity, ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwe-shale.

Ukucubungula ukudla: Kusetshenziswa njenge-thickener, stabilizer, noma i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi emikhiqizweni yokudla njengamasoso, okokugqoka kanye neziphuzo.

Ezemithi: I-PAC isebenza njengesihlanganisi, i-disintegrant, noma isishintshi se-viscosity ekwakhiweni kwethebhulethi, ukumiswa okwesikhashana, nokhilimu basendaweni.

Izimonyo: Isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokunakekela komuntu siqu efana nokhilimu, izinto zokuthambisa, namashampoos ukuze inikeze ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity nokuzinza.

Ukukhiqiza:

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polyanionic cellulose ihilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa:

Ukuthola i-Cellulose: I-Cellulose ivame ukutholakala ku-pulp yezinkuni noma ama-cotton linters.

Ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali: I-Cellulose ithola ukusabela kwe-etherification noma i-esterification ukwethula amaqembu e-anionic kumayunithi e-glucose.

Ukuhlanzwa: I-cellulose eguquliwe iyahlanzwa ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola kanye nemikhiqizo.

Ukomisa nokupakishwa: I-purified polyanionic cellulose iyomiswa futhi ipakishwe ukuze isatshalaliswe ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.

i-polyanionic cellulose iphuma ku-cellulose eguqulwe ngamakhemikhali enamaqembu e-anionic anamathiselwe kumgogodla we-cellulose.Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa uhlobo nokuminyana kwamaqembu e-anionic, kunquma izici zayo nokufaneleka kwezicelo ezihlukahlukene ezimbonini ezifana nokumba uwoyela, ukucubungula ukudla, ezemithi, nezimonyo.Ngokulawula okunembile kokuhlanganisa nokwakheka kwayo, i-polyanionic cellulose iyaqhubeka nokuba yisengezo esibaluleke kakhulu emikhiqizweni nasezinqubweni eziningi emhlabeni jikelele.