Udaka vs Ukhonkolo
Udaka nokhonkolo yizinto ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha.Kokubili kwakhiwe usimende, isihlabathi, namanzi, kodwa izilinganiso zesithako ngasinye ziyahlukahluka, okunikeza impahla ngayinye izici zayo ezihlukile nokusebenza kwayo.Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngomehluko phakathi kodaka nokhonkolo, izakhiwo zabo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Udakaiyingxube kasimende, isihlabathi namanzi.Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengento yokubopha phakathi kwezitini, amatshe, noma amanye amayunithi wokwakha.Udaka yinto ebuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa namandla acindezelayo asukela ku-2.5 kuya ku-10 N/mm2.Ayakhelwe ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo, kodwa kunalokho ukubamba amayunithi wokwakha ndawonye futhi inikeze indawo ebushelelezi yokuqedela.
Izilinganiso zikasimende, isihlabathi, namanzi odaka zincike ekusetshenzisweni nasezintweni ezifiselekayo.Isibonelo, ingxube evamile yokubeka izitini ingxenye engu-1 yesamende kuya kwezingu-6 zesanti, kuyilapho ingxube yokunikeza izindonga iyingxenye engu-1 yesimende kuya kwezingu-3 zesihlabathi.Ukwengeza umcako enhlanganisweni kungathuthukisa ukusebenza, ukuqina, nokumelana namanzi kodaka.
Ukhonkolo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyingxube kasimende, isihlabathi, amanzi, neziqongo, njengamatshe amatshe noma itshe eligxotshiwe.Kuyinto eqinile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside enamandla acindezelayo asukela ku-15 kuya ku-80 N/mm2, kuye ngezilinganiso zokuxuba kanye nekhwalithi yezithako.Ukhonkolo usetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, njengezisekelo, phansi, izindonga, imishayo, amakholomu, namabhuloho.
Izilinganiso zikasimende, isihlabathi, amanzi, nezihlanganisi kukhonkolo zincike ekufakweni nasekuqineni okufiswayo.Ingxube evamile yokwakhiwa okujwayelekile ingxenye eyodwa kasimende ezingxenyeni ezi-2 zesihlabathi kuya ezingxenyeni ezi-3 zokuhlanganisa ezingxenyeni ezingu-0.5 zamanzi, kuyilapho ingxube kakhonkolo oqinisiwe iyingxenye engu-1 yesimende kuya kuzingxenye ezingu-1.5 zesihlabathi kuya ezingxenyeni ezingu-3 zokuhlanganisa ezingxenyeni ezingu-0.5 zamanzi.Ukwengeza ama-admixtures, njengama-plasticizers, ama-accelerator, noma ama-ejenti afaka umoya, kungathuthukisa ukusebenza, amandla, nokuqina kukakhonkolo.
Omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kodaka nokhonkolo amandla azo.Ukhonkolo unamandla kakhulu kunodaka, okwenza ulungele ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo nokumelana namandla okucindezela.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, udaka lubuthakathaka futhi luvumelana nezimo, oluvumela ukuba lubambe ezinye zezingcindezi amayunithi okwakha abhekana nazo ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukwanda komswakama, noma ukunyakaza kwesakhiwo.
Omunye umehluko wukusebenza kwazo.Udaka kulula ukusebenza ngalo kunokhonkolo, njengoba lune-viscosity ephansi futhi lungasetshenziswa nge-trowel noma ithuluzi lokukhomba.Udaka luphinde lusethe kancane kunokhonkolo, okunikeza umakhi isikhathi esengeziwe sokulungisa indawo yamayunithi amatshe ngaphambi kokuba udaka luqine.Ukhonkolo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunzima kakhulu ukusebenza ngakho, njengoba une-viscosity ephakeme futhi udinga amathuluzi akhethekile, njengamaphampu kakhonkolo noma ama-vibrator, ukuze abekwe futhi ahlanganiswe kahle.Ukhonkolo futhi usetha ngokushesha kunodaka, okukhawulela isikhathi esitholakalayo sokulungiswa.
Udaka nokhonkolo nakho kuyahluka ngendlela ebukeka ngayo.Udaka ngokuvamile lunombala olula kunokhonkolo, njengoba luqukethe usimende omncane nesihlabathi esiningi.Udaka lungabuye lube nombala ngezingulube noma amabala ukuze luhambisane nombala wamayunithi wokwakha noma ukudala imiphumela yokuhlobisa.Ukhonkolo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvame ukumpunga noma kungabi mhlophe, kodwa kungabuye kufakwe umbala ngezingulube noma amabala ukuze kuzuzwe ukubukeka okuthile.
Mayelana nezindleko, udaka ngokuvamile lushibhile kunokhonkolo, njengoba ludinga usimende omncane nama-aggregate.Kodwa-ke, izindleko zomsebenzi zingahluka kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi kanye nobukhulu bephrojekthi, kanye nokutholakala kwamasoni anekhono noma izisebenzi zikakhonkolo.
Manje ake sibhekisise kabanzi ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kodaka nokhonkolo.Udaka lusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengento ehlanganisayo phakathi kwamayunithi okwakha, njengezitini, amabhlogo, amatshe, noma amathayela.Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukulungisa noma ukuchibiyela amatshe akhona, kanye nezinjongo zokuhlobisa, njengokukhomba, ukuhlinzeka, noma ukuplasta.Udaka lungasetshenziswa kuzo zombili izindawo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, kodwa alufanele izinhloso zesakhiwo noma imithwalo esindayo.
Ukhonkolo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, usetshenziselwa izinhlelo eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela kumaphrojekthi amancane kuya engqalasizinda emikhulu.Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kukakhonkolo kufaka:
- Izisekelo: Ukhonkolo usetshenziselwa ukwakha isisekelo esizinzile nesisezingeni sezakhiwo, amabhuloho, noma ezinye izakhiwo.Ukuqina nokujula kwesisekelo kuncike ezimweni zenhlabathi kanye nesisindo sesakhiwo.
- Izitezi: Ukhonkolo ungasetshenziswa ukwakha izitezi ezihlala isikhathi eside nezinokunakekelwa okuphansi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ezohwebo, noma zezimboni.Ingapholishwa, ifakwe ibala, noma isitembu ukuze ifinyelele ukuqedwa okuhlukile.
- Izindonga: Ukhonkolo ungaphonswa kumaphaneli angaphambili noma athululwe esizeni ukuze kwakheke izindonga ezithwalayo noma ezingawuthwali umthwalo.Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukugcina izindonga, izithiyo zomsindo, noma ama-firewall.
- Imishayo namakholomu: Ukhonkolo ungaqiniswa ngezinsimbi zensimbi noma imicu ukuze udale imishayo eqinile futhi eqinile namakholomu osekelo lwesakhiwo.Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe izakhi precast, ezifana izitebhisi noma ovulandi.
- Amabhuloho nemigwaqo: Ukhonkolo uyinto evamile yokwakha amabhuloho, imigwaqo emikhulu, nezinye izingqalasizinda zezokuthutha.Ingakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo, izimo zezulu ezinzima, nokuguga nokuguga isikhathi eside.
- Izakhi zokuhlobisa: Ukhonkolo ungasetshenziswa ukudala izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokuhlobisa, njengezithombe eziqoshiwe, imithombo, izitsha, noma amabhentshi.Ingase futhi ibe nombala noma ithungwe ukuze ilingise ezinye izinto, njengokhuni noma itshe.
Sengiphetha, udaka nokhonkolo yizinto ezimbili ezibalulekile embonini yezokwakha, ngayinye inezindawo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo.I-Mortar iwumsebenzi obuthakathaka futhi ovumelana nezimo kakhudlwana osetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amayunithi amatshe futhi unikeze ukuphela okushelelayo, kuyilapho ukhonkolo uyinto eqinile futhi eqinile esetshenziselwa ukusekela kwesakhiwo nemithwalo esindayo.Ukuqonda umehluko nokusetshenziswa kodaka nokhonkolo kungasiza abaklami bezakhiwo, onjiniyela, osonkontileka, nabanikazi bezindlu ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nemiklamo yabo yokwakha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-17-2023