Ukukhiqiza i-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa nokusabela kwamakhemikhali.I-CMC iyi-polymer encibilika emanzini etholakala ku-cellulose, i-polymer yemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene njengokudla, ezemithi, izimonyo, nezindwangu ngenxa yokujiya kwayo, ukuzinza, kanye nezakhiwo ezibophayo.Nansi inkomba enemininingwane yokuthi ungayikhiqiza kanjani i-carboxymethylcellulose:
Isingeniso seCarboxymethylcellulose (CMC):
I-Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) iphuma ku-cellulose, i-polysaccharide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-CMC kuhilela ukuguqula i-cellulose ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuze kwethulwe amaqembu e-carboxymethyl kumgogodla we-cellulose.Lokhu kuguqulwa kunikeza ukuncibilika kwamanzi nezinye izinto ezifiselekayo ku-polymer.
Ama-Raw material:
I-Cellulose: Impahla yokuqala eluhlaza yokukhiqizwa kwe-CMC yi-cellulose.I-Cellulose ingatholakala emithonjeni yemvelo ehlukahlukene efana ne-wood pulp, ama-linter kakotini, noma izinsalela zezolimo.
I-Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-caustic soda, i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhiqizwa kwe-CMC yokwelashwa kwe-cellulose alkali.
I-Chloroacetic Acid (ClCH2COOH): I-Chloroacetic acid iyi-reagent eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukwethula amaqembu e-carboxymethyl kumgogodla we-cellulose.
I-Etherification Catalyst: Ama-Catalysts afana ne-sodium hydroxide noma i-sodium carbonate asetshenziselwa ukwenza lula ukusabela kwe-etherification phakathi kwe-cellulose ne-chloroacetic acid.
Izincibilikisi: Izincibilikisi ezifana ne-isopropanol noma i-ethanol zingase zisetshenziselwe ukuncibilikisa ama-reactants futhi zisize enqubweni yokusabela.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza:
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-carboxymethylcellulose kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
1. Ukwelashwa kweCellulose nge-alkali:
I-Cellulose iphathwa nge-alkali eqinile, ngokuvamile i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwayo kabusha ngokuguqula amanye amaqembu ayo e-hydroxyl abe yi-alkali cellulose.Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa emkhunjini we-reactor emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.I-alkali cellulose eyakhiwe bese iyagezwa futhi ingathathi hlangothi ukuze kukhishwe i-alkali eyengeziwe.
2. I-Etherification:
Ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali, i-cellulose isabela nge-chloroacetic acid (ClCH2COOH) phambi kwe-etherification catalyst.Lokhu kusabela kwethula amaqembu e-carboxymethyl kumgogodla we-cellulose, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-carboxymethylcellulose.Ukusabela kwe-etherification ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo zezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye ne-pH ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifiswayo lokushintsha (DS) kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana e-CMC.
3. Ukugeza nokuhlanzwa:
Kulandela ukusabela kwe-etherification, umkhiqizo ongahluziwe we-CMC ugezwa kahle ukuze kukhishwe ama-reagents angaphenduliwe, imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo, kanye nokungcola.Ukugeza kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa amanzi noma izincibilikisi eziphilayo ezilandelwa ukuhlunga noma i-centrifugation.Izinyathelo zokuhlanza zingase futhi zibandakanye ukwelashwa ngama-asidi noma izisekelo ukuze kulungiswe i-pH futhi kukhishwe ama-catalyst ayinsalela.
4. Ukomisa:
I-CMC ehlanzekile iyomiswa ukuze kususwe umswakama futhi kutholwe umkhiqizo wokugcina uyimpushana noma ifomu eliyimbudumbudu.Ukomisa ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezinjengokomisa isifutho, ukomisa nge-vacuum, noma ukomiswa komoya ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ukuvimbela ukuwohloka noma ukuhlangana kwe-polymer.
Ikhwalithi yokulawula:
Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi zibalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-CMC ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungaguquguquki, ubumsulwa, kanye nezakhiwo ezifiselekayo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.Amapharamitha ekhwalithi angukhiye afaka:
I-Degree of substitution (DS): Isilinganiso senani lamaqembu e-carboxymethyl ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose ochungechungeni lwe-cellulose.
Ukusabalalisa isisindo se-molecular: Kunqunywa ngamasu afana nezilinganiso ze-viscosity noma i-gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Ukuhlanzeka: Kuhlolwe ngezindlela zokuhlaziya ezifana ne-infrared spectroscopy (IR) noma i-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ukuze kutholwe ukungcola.
I-Viscosity: Isakhiwo esibalulekile sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, esilinganiswa kusetshenziswa ama-viscometers ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nokusebenza.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Carboxymethylcellulose:
I-Carboxymethylcellulose ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:
Imboni Yokudla: Njengokuqina, okokuqinisa, kanye ne-emulsifier emikhiqizweni efana namasoso, okokugqoka, u-ayisikhilimu, nezinto ezibhakwayo.
Ezemithi: Ekwenziweni kwemithi njenge-binder, disintegrant, kanye ne-viscosity modifier kumaphilisi, ukumiswa, kanye nokwakheka kwezihloko.
Izimonyo: Emikhiqizweni yokunakekela komuntu siqu efana nokhilimu, izinto zokuthambisa, namashampoos njenge-ejenti ejiya kanye nesilungisi se-rheology.
Izindwangu: Ekuphrinteni kwendwangu, ukulinganisa, kanye nezinqubo zokuqeda ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zendwangu nokusebenza.
Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha:
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-CMC kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali nezinqubo ezidinga amandla amaningi, ezingaba nomthelela emvelweni njengokukhiqizwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.Imizamo yokunciphisa umthelela wendawo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokuphephile kwamakhemikhali iwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ekwenziweni kwe-CMC.Ukuqaliswa kwezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuphathwa kwemfucuza, ukonga amandla, kanye nempilo yasemsebenzini nokuphepha kungasiza ekwehliseni lokhu kukhathazeka.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-carboxymethylcellulose kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa kusukela ekukhishweni kwe-cellulose kuya ekwelashweni kwe-alkali, i-etherification, ukuhlanzwa, nokomiswa.Izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuvumelana nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo wokugcina, othola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene.Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha kuyizici ezibalulekile zokukhiqizwa kwe-CMC, okugcizelela isidingo sezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezizinzile nezinesibopho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-27-2024