Usoro mmepe nke ahịa cellulose ether

Ewebata mmepụta na oriri nke hydroxymethyl cellulose na methyl cellulose na usoro ha, ma buru amụma na ọ ga-achọ ahịa n'ọdịnihu.A tụlere ihe asọmpi na nsogbu dị na ụlọ ọrụ ether cellulose.Enyere aro ụfọdụ maka mmepe ụlọ ọrụ cellulose ether na mba anyị.

Isi okwu:cellulose ether;Nyocha ahịa ahịa;Nnyocha ahịa

1. Nhazi na ojiji nke cellulose ether

1.1 Nhazi

Cellulose ether bụ ngwakọta polymer nke atom hydrogen dị na nkeji glucose anhydrous nke cellulose na-eji alkyl ma ọ bụ ndị nnọchite anya alkyl dochie ya.Na yinye nke cellulose polymerization.Ngalaba glucose anhydrous ọ bụla nwere otu hydroxyl atọ nwere ike isonye na mmeghachi omume ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na edochi ya kpamkpam.Uru nke DS bụ 3, ogo ngbanwe nke ngwaahịa dị na azụmaahịa sitere na 0.4 ruo 2.8.Ma mgbe alkenyl oxide dochie ya, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta otu hydroxyl ọhụrụ nke nwere ike dochie otu hydroxyl alkyl, ya mere ọ na-etolite agbụ.Akọwapụtara oke nke glucose olefin oxide anhydrous ọ bụla dị ka nọmba nnọchi molar (MS) nke ogige ahụ.Njirimara dị mkpa nke ether cellulose azụmahịa na-adabere na oke molar, usoro kemịkalụ, nkesa ihe, DS na MS nke cellulose.Ihe ndị a na-agụnyekarị solubility, viscosity na ngwọta, ọrụ elu, ihe mkpuchi thermoplastic na nkwụsi ike megide biodegradation, mbelata okpomọkụ na oxidation.Viscosity dị na ngwọta na-adịgasị iche dabere na oke nha molekul.

Cellulose ether nwere ụdị abụọ: otu bụ ụdị ionic, dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) na polyanionic cellulose (PAC);Ụdị nke ọzọ bụ ndị na-abụghị ionic, dị ka methyl cellulose (MC), ethyl cellulose (EC),hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) na na.

1.2 Ojiji

1.2.1 CMC

CMC bụ anionic polyelectrolyte soluble na ma mmiri ọkụ na oyi.Ngwaahịa a na-ejikarị eme ihe nwere oke DS nke 0.65 ~ 0.85 na viscosity nso nke 10 ~ 4 500 mPa.s.A na-ere ya na ọkwa atọ: ịdị ọcha dị elu, etiti na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.Ngwaahịa dị elu dị elu karịa 99.5% dị ọcha, ebe ịdị ọcha nke etiti bụ karịa 96%.A na-akpọkarị CMC dị ọcha cellulose chịngọm, enwere ike iji ya na nri dị ka onye na-edozi ahụ, onye na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na onye na-edozi ahụ ma jiri ya mee ihe na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, emulsifier na onye na-achịkwa viscosity, a na-ejikwa mmanụ na-emepụta ihe dị ọcha. CMC.A na-ejikarị ngwaahịa ndị dị n'etiti eme ihe na nhazi akwa na ndị na-emepụta akwụkwọ, ihe ndị ọzọ na-agụnye adhesives, ceramics, paint latex na mkpuchi mmiri.Ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ CMC nwere ihe karịrị 25% sodium chloride na sodium oxyacetic acid, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'imepụta ncha na ụlọ ọrụ nwere obere ịdị ọcha chọrọ.N'ihi arụmọrụ ya magburu onwe ya na ọtụtụ ojiji dị iche iche, kamakwa na mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke mpaghara ngwa ngwa ọhụrụ, atụmanya ahịa dị nnọọ obosara, ikike dị ukwuu.

1.2.2 Nonionic cellulose ether

Ọ na-ezo aka na klaasị cellulose ethers na usoro ha nke na-enweghị otu ndị na-ekewapụ na ngalaba nhazi ha.Ha nwere arụmọrụ dị mma karịa ngwaahịa ionic ether na ndim, emulsification, imepụta ihe nkiri, nchebe colloid, njigide mmiri, nrapado, mgbochi mmetụta na ihe ndị ọzọ.A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ubi mmanụ, mkpuchi latex, mmeghachi omume polymer polymerization, ihe owuwu ụlọ, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, nri, ọgwụ, ime akwụkwọ, mbipụta akwa na akwa na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

Methyl cellulose na isi mmalite ya.Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose bụ nonionic.Ha abụọ na-agbaze na mmiri oyi mana ọ bụghị na mmiri ọkụ.Mgbe ngwọta mmiri ha na-ekpo ọkụ na 40 ~ 70 ℃, ihe gel na-apụta.Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke gelation na-adabere n'ụdị gel, ntinye nke ngwọta, na ogo nke mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ.Ihe ngosi gel na-agbanwe agbanwe.

(1) HPMC na MC.Ojiji nke MCS na HPMCS dịgasị iche dabere na ọkwa: a na-eji akara ule dị mma na nri na ọgwụ;Ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ dị na agba na ihe mkpofu agba, simenti bond.Adhesives na mmịpụta mmanụ.N'ime cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic, MC na HPMC bụ ahịa kachasị ukwuu.

Ngalaba a na-ewu ụlọ bụ ndị na-azụ ahịa HPMC/MC, nke a na-ejikarị eme akwụ, mkpuchi elu, taịlị tile na mgbakwunye na ngwa simenti.Karịsịa, na simenti ngwa agha agwakọta na obere ego nke HPMC nwere ike na-egwu a stickiness, mmiri njide, ngwa ngwa coagulation na ikuku na-agbapụta mmetụta.O doro anya na melite ngwa ngwa ciment, ngwa agha, nrapado Njirimara, kefriza nguzogide na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na tensile na shiee ike.Ya mere na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ ihe owuwu ụlọ.Melite ogo ihe owuwu na ịrụ ọrụ nke igwe eji arụ ọrụ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, HPMC bụ naanị ngwaahịa ether cellulose ejiri na-ewu ihe mkpuchi.

Enwere ike iji HPMC dị ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ, dị ka ihe na-emekọ ihe, onye na-ekesa, emulsifier na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri.Enwere ike iji ya dị ka mkpuchi ihe nkiri na nrapado na mbadamba nkume, nke nwere ike imeziwanye solubility nke ọgwụ.Na ike welie mmiri na-eguzogide nke mbadamba.Enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe nkwusioru, nkwadebe anya, ọkpụkpụ ihe ntọhapụ ngwa ngwa na nke a na-achịkwa na mbadamba nkume na-ese n'elu mmiri.

Na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, HPMC bụ onye inyeaka maka nkwadebe nke PVC site na usoro nkwusioru.A na-eji echebe colloid, kwalite ike nkwusioru, melite ọdịdị nke nkesa nha nha nke PVC;Na mmepụta nke mkpuchi, MC na-eji dị ka thickener, dispersant na stabilizer, dị ka film akpụ gị n'ụlọnga, thickener, emulsifier na stabilizer na latex coatings na mmiri-soluble resin mkpuchi, nke mere na mkpuchi ihe nkiri nwere ezigbo eyi iguzogide, edo mkpuchi na. adhesion, ma melite esemokwu elu na nkwụsi ike pH, yana ndakọrịta nke ihe agba agba ígwè.

(2) EC, HEC na CMHEM.EC bụ ihe na-acha ọcha, enweghị isi, enweghị agba, ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu nke na-agbaze naanị na ihe mgbaze organic.Ngwaahịa ndị dị na azụmaahịa na-abịa n'ụdị DS abụọ, 2.2 ruo 2.3 na 2.4 ruo 2.6.Ọdịnaya nke otu ethoxy na-emetụta njirimara thermodynamic na nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ nke EC.EC na-agbaze na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ihe mgbaze organic n'elu oke okpomọkụ ma nwee ebe mgbanye dị ala.Enwere ike ịme EC ka ọ bụrụ resin, nrapado, ink, varnish, ihe nkiri na ngwaahịa plastik.Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) nwere nọmba nnọchi hydroxymethyl nso 0.3, na ihe onwunwe ya yiri EC.Mana ọ na-agbaze na ihe mgbaze hydrocarbon dị ọnụ ala (kerosene na-esighị ísì) ma na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ bụ isi na mkpuchi elu na ink.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) dị na mmiri ọ bụla - ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa na-agbaze mmanụ nwere oke viscosity sara mbara.Ya na-abụghị ionic mmiri soluble na ma na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri oyi, nwere a wider nso nke azụmahịa ngwa, tumadi eji na latex agba, mmanụ mmịpụta na polymerization emulsion, ma ọ nwekwara ike-eji dị ka adhesives, adhesives, ntecha na ọgwụ mgbakwunye.

Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEM) bụ hydroxyethyl cellulose ewepụtara.N'ihe gbasara CMC, ọ dịghị mfe idobe ya site na nnukwu metal salts, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mmịpụta mmanụ na ncha mmiri mmiri.

2. Ụwa cellulose ether ahịa

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mkpokọta mmepụta nke cellulose ether n'ụwa agafeela 900,000 t / a.Ahịa ether cellulose zuru ụwa ọnụ karịrị $ 3.1 ijeri na 2006. Ọnụ ahịa isi ahịa nke MC, CMC na HEC na usoro ha bụ 32%, 32% na 16%, n'otu n'otu.Uru ahịa nke MC bụ otu nke CMC.

Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe gasịrị, ahịa nke cellulose ether na mba ndị mepere emepe etoola nke ukwuu, na ahịa nke mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe ka na-eto eto, ya mere ọ ga-abụ isi ihe na-akpali akpali maka uto nke cellulose ether oriri n'ọdịnihu. .Ikike CMC dị na United States bụ 24,500 t / a, yana ikike zuru oke nke ether cellulose ọzọ bụ 74,200 t / a, yana ikike zuru oke nke 98,700 t / a.Na 2006, mmepụta nke cellulose ether na United States bụ ihe dị ka 90,600 t, mmepụta nke CMC bụ 18,100 t, na mmepụta nke cellulose ether ọzọ bụ 72,500 t.Mbubata bụ tọn 48,100, na-ebupụ tọn 37,500, na oriri pụtara ìhè ruru tọn 101,200.Oriri cellulose na Western Europe bụ tọn 197,000 na 2006 ma a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enwe mmụba kwa afọ nke 1% n'ime afọ ise na-abịa.Europe bụ ndị na-eji cellulose ether kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, na-aza 39% nke mkpokọta ụwa, Asia na North America sochiri.CMC bụ isi ụdị oriri dị iche iche, na-aza 56% nke mkpokọta oriri, sochiri methyl cellulose ether na hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, na-aza 27% na 12% nke mkpokọta, n'otu n'otu.A na-atụ anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cellulose ether na-eto eto kwa afọ ga-anọgide na 4.2% site na 2006 ruo 2011. N'Eshia, a na-atụ anya na Japan ga-anọgide na-adịghị mma, ebe China na-atụ anya ịnọgide na-enwe ọganihu nke 9%.North America na Europe, nke nwere oke oriri, ga-eto site na 2.6% na 2.1%, n'otu n'otu.

3. Ọnọdụ ugbu a na mmepe mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ CMC

A na-ekewa ahịa CMC na ọkwa atọ: isi, etiti na nụchara anụcha.A na-achịkwa ahịa ngwaahịa mbụ nke CMC bụ ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ China, CP Kelco, Amtex na Akzo Nobel sochiri ya na pasent 15, pasentị 14 na pasentị 9 n'ahịa n'otu n'otu.CP Kelco na Hercules/Aqualon bụ 28% na 17% nke ahịa CMC a nụchara anụcha, n'otu n'otu.Na 2006, 69% nke nrụnye CMC na-arụ ọrụ n'ụwa niile.

3.1 United States

Ike mmepụta nke CMC ugbu a na United States bụ 24,500 t / a.Na 2006, mmepụta ike nke CMC na United States bụ 18,100 t.Ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ Hercules / Aqualon Company na Penn Carbose Company, nwere ikike mmepụta nke 20,000 t / a na 4,500 t / a, n'otu n'otu.Na 2006, mbubata US bụ tọn 26,800, na-ebupụ tọn 4,200, na oriri pụtara ìhè bụ tọn 40,700.A na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eto na nkezi kwa afọ nke 1.8 pasent n'ime afọ ise na-abịa ma a na-atụ anya na oriri ga-eru tọn 45,000 na 2011.

A na-ejikarị CMC dị ọcha (99.5%) na nri, ọgwụ na ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye, ​​​​na ngwakọta nke ịdị ọcha dị elu na ọkara (karịa 96%) na-ejikarị na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ.A na-eji ngwaahịa ndị mbụ (65% ~ 85%) eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nchacha, na oke ahịa ndị fọdụrụ bụ mmanụ mmanụ, akwa akwa na ihe ndị ọzọ.

3.2 Western Europe

Na 2006, Western European CMC nwere ikike nke 188,000 t / a, mmepụta nke 154,000 t, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arụ ọrụ nke 82%, ụda mbupụ nke 58,000 t na mbubata nke 4,000 t.N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe, ebe asọmpi siri ike, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emechi ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere ikike oge ochie, karịsịa ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị bụ isi, na-abawanye ọnụego ọrụ nke akụkụ ha ndị ọzọ.Mgbe emezigharịchara, ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi bụ CMC a nụchara anụcha yana ngwaahịa CMC isi agbakwunyere nnukwu uru.Western Europe bụ ahịa ether cellulose kasị ukwuu n'ụwa na onye na-ebupụ net nke CMC na ether na-abụghị ionic cellulose.N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ahịa Western Europe abanyela na mbara ala, na uto nke cellulose ether oriri dị oke.

N'afọ 2006, oriri CMC na Western Europe bụ tọn 102,000, na ọnụ ahịa oriri nke ihe dịka $ 275 nde.A na-atụ anya na ọ ga-ejigide 1% na-eto eto kwa afọ n'ime afọ ise na-abịa.

3.3 Japan

Na 2005, Shikoku Chemical Company kwụsịrị mmepụta na ụlọ ọrụ Tokushima ma ugbu a ụlọ ọrụ na-ebubata ngwaahịa CMC na mba ahụ.N'ime afọ 10 gara aga, ngụkọta ikike nke CMC na Japan anọgideghị na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ọnụego ọrụ nke ọkwa dị iche iche nke ngwaahịa na ahịrị mmepụta dị iche.Ikike nke ngwaahịa ọkwa a nụchara anụcha abawanyela, na-aza 90% nke mkpokọta ikike CMC.

Dị ka a pụrụ ịhụ site na ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ nke CMC na Japan n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwaahịa ndị a nụchara anụcha na-amụba kwa afọ, na-aza 89% nke mkpokọta mmepụta na 2006, bụ nke a na-ekwukarị na ahịa ahịa maka elu. ngwaahịa dị ọcha.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị isi na-emepụta ihe niile na-enye ngwaahịa dị iche iche nkọwa, oke mbupụ nke Japanese CMC na-amụba nwayọọ nwayọọ, na-eme atụmatụ na ọ ga-abụ ihe dị ka ọkara nke mkpokọta mmepụta, tumadi na United States, ala China, Taiwan, Thailand na Indonesia. .Site na ọchịchọ siri ike sitere na mpaghara mgbake mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, usoro mbupụ a ga-aga n'ihu na-eto eto n'ime afọ ise na-esote.

4,Ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether na mmepe mmepe

Mmepụta nke MC na HEC dị ntakịrị, ebe ndị nrụpụta atọ ahụ nwere 90% nke oke ahịa.Mmepụta HEC bụ nke kachasị etinye uche, yana Hercules na Dow na-aza ihe karịrị 65% nke ahịa, yana ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta cellulose ether na-etinye uche n'otu usoro ma ọ bụ abụọ.Hercules/Aqualon na-arụpụta ahịrị ngwaahịa atọ yana HPC na EC.Na 2006, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nrụnye MC na HEC bụ 73% na 89%, n'otu n'otu.

4.1 United States

Dow Wolff Celluosies na Hercules / Aqualon, ndị bụ isi na-emepụta cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic cellulose na US, nwere ngụkọta ngụkọta ike mmepụta nke 78,200 t / a.Mmepụta nke nonionic cellulose ether na United States na 2006 bụ ihe dị ka 72,500 t.

Nonionic cellulose ether oriri na United States na 2006 bụ ihe dị ka 60,500 t.N'ime ha, oriri nke MC na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya bụ tọn 30,500, na oriri nke HEC bụ 24,900 ton.

4.1.1 MC/HPMC

Na United States, ọ bụ naanị Dow na-emepụta MC / HPMC nwere ikike mmepụta nke 28,600 t / a.Enwere nkeji abụọ, 15,000 t/a na 13,600 t/a n'otu n'otu.Site na mmepụta nke gburugburu 20,000 t na 2006, Dow Chemical na-ejide òkè kachasị ukwuu nke ahịa ihe owuwu, na-ejikọta Dow Wolff Cellulosics na 2007. Ọ gbasaa azụmahịa ya n'ahịa ihe owuwu.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ahịa MC/HPMC dị na United States ejuola nke ọma.N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, uto ahịa dị ntakịrị.Na 2003, oriri bụ 25,100 t, na 2006, oriri bụ 30,500 t, nke 60% ngwaahịa na-eji na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ, banyere 16,500 t.

Ụlọ ọrụ dịka ihe owuwu na nri na ọgwụ bụ isi ihe na-akpata mmepe ahịa ahịa MC/HPMC na US, ebe ọchịchọ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ polymer agaghị agbanwe agbanwe.

4.1.2 HEC na CMHEC

N'afọ 2006, oriri nke HEC na mmepụta carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC) na United States bụ 24,900 t.A na-atụ anya na oriri ga-eto na nkezi ọnụego kwa afọ nke 1.8% site na 2011.

4.2 Western Europe

Western Europe na-ebute ụzọ n'ichepụta cellulose ether n'ụwa, ma bụrụkwa mpaghara nwere mmepụta na oriri MC/HPMC kachasị.N'afọ 2006, ịre ahịa Western European MCS na ihe ndị ha nwetara (HEMCs na HPMCS) na HEC na EHEC bụ $ 419 nde na $ 166 nde, n'otu n'otu.Na 2004, ikike mmepụta nke cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic na Western Europe bụ 160,000 t / a.Na 2007, mmepụta ruru 184,000 t/a, na mmepụta ruru 159,000 t.Mbubata mbubata bụ 20,000 t na oke mbupụ bụ 85,000 t.Ya MC/HPMC mmepụta ike ruru banyere 100,000 t/a.

oriri cellulose na-abụghị ionic na Western Europe bụ 95,000 ton na 2006. Ọnụ ahịa ahịa zuru oke ruru nde dollar 600, na oriri nke MC na ihe mmepụta ya, HEC, EHEC na HPC bụ 67,000 t, 26,000 t na 2,000 t, n'otu n'otu.Ọnụ ego oriri kwekọrọ na ya bụ nde US $ 419, nde US $ 166 na nde US dollar 15, na nkezi ọnụego uto kwa afọ ga-edobe ihe dịka 2% n'ime afọ ise na-abịa.Na 2011, oriri nke cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic na Western Europe ga-eru 105,000 t.

Ahịa oriri nke MC/HPMC dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe abanyela na mbara ala, ya mere uto oriri nke cellulose ether na Western Europe dị ntakịrị na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.Nri nke MC na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya na Western Europe bụ 62,000 t na 2003 na 67,000 t na 2006, na-aza ihe dịka 34% nke mkpokọta cellulose ether.Akụkụ oriri kachasị ukwuu bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu.

4.3 Japan

Shin-yue Chemical bụ onye nrụpụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke methyl cellulose na usoro ya.Na 2003 ọ nwetara Clariant nke Germany;N'afọ 2005, o gbasaara osisi Naoetsu ya site na 20,000 L/a ruo 23,000 t/a.Na 2006, Shin-Yue gbasaa ikike cellulose ether nke SE Tulose site na 26,000 t / aa ruo 40,000 t / a, na ugbu a ngụkọta kwa afọ nke Shin-Yue's cellulose ether azụmahịa n'ụwa nile bụ banyere 63,000 t / a.Na Maachị 2007, Shin-etsu kwụsịrị mmepụta cellulose sitere na ụlọ ọrụ Naoetsu ya n'ihi mgbawa.Mmepụta maliteghachiri na Mee 2007. Shin-etsu na-ezube ịzụta MC maka ihe owuwu ụlọ site na Dow na ndị ọzọ na-ebubata ihe mgbe ihe niile cellulose dị na osisi ahụ.

Na 2006, ngụkọta mmepụta nke cellulose ether nke Japan na-abụghị CMC bụ ihe dịka 19,900 t.Mmepụta nke MC, HPMC na HEMC ruru 85% nke mkpokọta mmepụta.Mkpụrụ nke MC na HEC bụ 1.69 t na 2 100 t, n'otu n'otu.Na 2006, ngụkọta oriri nke nonionic cellulose ether na Japan bụ 11,400 t.Ihe mmepụta nke MC na HEC bụ 8500t na 2000t n'otu n'otu.

5,ụlọ ahịa ether cellulose

5.1 ike mmepụta

China bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-azụ ahịa nke CMC n'ụwa, yana ihe karịrị ndị nrụpụta 30 na nkezi mmepụta mmepụta kwa afọ nke ihe karịrị 20%.Na 2007, China mmepụta ikike nke CMC bụ banyere 180,000 t / a na mmepụta bụ 65,000 ~ 70,000 t.CMC bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 85% nke mkpokọta, na ngwaahịa ya na-ejikarị na mkpuchi, nhazi nri na mmịpụta mmanụ.N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọchịchọ ụlọ maka ngwaahịa cellulose ether ndị ọzọ na-abụghị CMC na-abawanye.Karịsịa, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ chọrọ HPMC na MC dị elu.

Nnyocha na mmepe na mmepụta mmepụta ihe nke nonionic cellulose ether malitere na 1965. Isi nyocha na mmepe bụ Wuxi Chemical Research and Design Institute.Na-adịbeghị anya, nnyocha na mmepe nke HPMC na Luzhou Chemical Plant na Hui 'ihe Chemical osisi mere ngwa ngwa ọganihu.Dị ka nyocha, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọchịchọ nke HPMC na mba anyị na-eto eto na 15% kwa afọ, na ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ HPMC na-emepụta na mba anyị bụ nke e guzobere na 1980s na 1990s.Luzhou Chemical Plant Tianpu Fine Chemical malitere nyocha na ịzụlite HPMC ọzọ na mmalite 1980s, wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee ma gbasaa site na obere ngwaọrụ.Ná mmalite nke 1999, HPMC na MC ngwaọrụ nwere ngụkọta mmepụta ikike nke 1400 t / a e hiwere, na ngwaahịa àgwà ruru mba larịị.Na 2002, mba anyị MC / HPMC mmepụta ikike bụ banyere 4500 t / a, kacha mmepụta ike nke otu osisi bụ 1400 t / a, nke e wuru na tinye n'ime ọrụ na 2001 na Luzhou North Chemical Industry Co., LTD.Hercules Temple Chemical Co., Ltd. nwere Luzhou North na Luzhou na Ụlọ Nsọ Suzhou na Zhangjiagang abụọ mmepụta ntọala, mmepụta ike nke methyl cellulose ether ruru 18 000 t / a.Na 2005, mmepụta nke MC / HPMC bụ banyere 8 000 t, na isi mmepụta enterprise bụ Shandong Ruitai Chemical Co., LTD.N'afọ 2006, ngụkọta ikike nke MC/HPMC na mba anyị dị ihe dị ka 61,000 t/a, na ikike mmepụta nke HEC dị ihe dị ka 12,000 t/a.Ọtụtụ malitere mmepụta na 2006. E nwere ihe karịrị 20 na-emepụta MC/HPMC.HEMC.Ngụkọta mmepụta nke nonionic cellulose ether na 2006 bụ ihe dịka 30-40,000 t.A na-agbasawanye mmepụta ụlọ nke cellulose ether, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta cellulose ether dị ugbu a ruo 50 ma ọ bụ karịa.

5.2 Oriri

Na 2005, oriri nke MC / HPMC na China fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 9 000 t, tumadi na mmepụta polymer na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu.Nri nke nonionic cellulose ether na 2006 bụ ihe dịka 36,000 t.

5.2.1 Ihe owuwu ụlọ

A na-etinyekarị MC/HPMC na ciment, ngwa agha na ngwa agha na mba ndị ọzọ iji melite ogo ụlọ na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na mmepe nke ụlọ ahịa ihe owuwu ụlọ, karịsịa mmụba nke ụlọ ndị dị elu.Ọchịchọ na-abawanye maka akụrụngwa ụlọ dị elu akwalitela mmụba nke oriri MC/HPMC.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-agbakwunye ụlọ MC/HPMC na mgbidi tile gluu ntụ ntụ, gypsum grade wall scraping putty, gypsum caulking putty na ihe ndị ọzọ.Na 2006, oriri nke MC/HPMC na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu bụ 10 000 t, na-aza 30% nke ngụkọta anụ ụlọ.Site na mmepe nke ụlọ ahịa ihe owuwu ụlọ, karịsịa mmụba nke ogo nke ihe owuwu mechanized, yana imeziwanye ihe ndị chọrọ ụlọ, oriri nke MC / HPMC na-arụ ọrụ ga-anọgide na-abawanye, na oriri na-atụ anya. iru ihe karịrị 15 000 t na 2010.

5.2.2 Polyvinyl chloride

Mmepụta PVC site na usoro nkwusioru bụ mpaghara oriri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu nke MC/HPMC.Mgbe ejiri usoro nkwusioru na-emepụta PVC, usoro mgbasa ozi na-emetụta àgwà ngwaahịa polymer na ngwaahịa ya emechara.Na-agbakwụnye obere ego nke HPMC nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè ịchịkwa urughuru size nkesa nke dispersion usoro na melite thermal kwụsie ike nke resin.N'ozuzu, ego mgbakwunye bụ 0.03% -0.05% nke mmepụta PVC.Na 2005, mba mmepụta nke polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bụ 6.492 nde t, nke nkwusioru usoro mere 88%, na HPMC oriri bụ banyere 2 000 t.Dị ka usoro mmepe nke mmepụta PVC nke ụlọ, a na-atụ anya na mmepụta nke PVC ga-eru ihe karịrị 10 nde t na 2010. Nkwụsịtụ polymerization Usoro dị mfe, dị mfe ịchịkwa, na-adịkwa mfe mmepụta nke nnukwu.Ngwaahịa ahụ nwere njirimara nke mgbanwe siri ike, nke bụ nkà na ụzụ na-eduga na mmepụta PVC n'ọdịnihu, ya mere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke HPMC n'ọhịa nke polymerization ga-anọgide na-abawanye, a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-abụ ihe dịka 3 000 t na 2010.

5.2.3 Agba, nri na ọgwụ

Mkpuchi na mmepụta nri/ọgwụ ọgwụ bụkwa ebe oriri dị mkpa maka MC/HPMC.Oriri ụlọ bụ 900 t na 800 t n'otu n'otu.Na mgbakwunye, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, adhesives na ihe ndị ọzọ na-erikwa ụfọdụ MC/HPMC.N'ọdịnihu, ọchịchọ maka MC/HPMC na mpaghara ngwa ndị a ga-aga n'ihu na-abawanye.

Dị ka nyocha dị n'elu.Na 2010, ngụkọta ọchịchọ nke MC/HPMC na China ga-eru 30 000 t.

5.3 Bubata na Mbupu

N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke akụ na ụba anyị na mmepụta cellulose ether, ụlọ ọrụ mbubata na mbupụ cellulose ether na-eto ngwa ngwa, na mbupụ ngwa ngwa karịa ngwa ngwa mbubata.

N'ihi na elu àgwà HPMC na MC chọrọ site na-emepụta ọgwụ ụlọ ọrụ enweghị ike izute ahịa ọchịchọ, otú na ahịa ọchịchọ maka elu àgwà cellulose ether uto, nkezi kwa afọ uto ọnụego nke mbubata cellulose ether ruru fọrọ nke nta 36% si 2000 ka. 2007. Tupu 2003, mba anyị isi emeghị mbupụ cellulose ether ngwaahịa.Kemgbe 2004, mbupụ cellulose ether karịrị l000 t maka oge mbụ.Site na 2004 ruo 2007, nkezi ọnụego uto kwa afọ bụ 10%.Na 2007, olu mbupụ agafeela oke mbubata, n'ime ngwaahịa mbupụ bụ nke kachasị ionic cellulose ether.

6. Nyocha asọmpi ụlọ ọrụ na aro mmepe

6.1 Nyocha nke ihe asọmpi ụlọ ọrụ

6.1.1 Akụrụngwa Raw

Mmepụta cellulose ether nke ihe mbụ bụ isi akụrụngwa bụ osisi pulp, ọnụ ahịa okirikiri ọnụahịa ya na-ebili, na-egosipụta okirikiri ụlọ ọrụ na ọchịchọ nke osisi.Isi iyi nke abụọ kachasị na cellulose bụ lint.Isi iyi ya nwere obere mmetụta na okirikiri ụlọ ọrụ.A na-ekpebi ya nke ọma site na owuwe ihe ubi.Mmepụta nke cellulose ether na-eri obere osisi pulp karịa ngwaahịa kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka eriri acetate na eriri viscose.Maka ndị na-emepụta ihe, ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa bụ ihe kachasị egwu na-eto eto.

6.1.2 chọrọ

Oriri cellulose ether na mpaghara oriri dị ka ncha, mkpuchi, ngwaahịa ụlọ na ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ mmanụ na-erughị 50% nke mkpokọta ether cellulose.Akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ndị na-azụ ahịa bụ nkewa.Oriri cellulose ether na-akpata obere akụkụ nke oriri akụrụngwa na mpaghara ndị a.Ya mere, ụlọ ọrụ njedebe ndị a enweghị ebumnuche imepụta cellulose ether kama ịzụta n'ahịa.Ihe iyi egwu ahịa na-abụkarị site na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ọrụ yiri nke cellulose ether.

6.1.3 Mmepụta

Ihe mgbochi ntinye nke ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ CMC dị ala karịa nke HEC na MC, mana CMC a nụchara anụcha nwere ihe mgbochi ntinye dị elu na nkà na ụzụ mmepụta dị mgbagwoju anya.Ihe mgbochi teknụzụ maka ịbanye na mmepụta nke HEC na MCS dị elu, na-eme ka ndị na-ebubata ngwaahịa ndị a dị ntakịrị.Usoro mmepụta nke HEC na MCS bụ ihe nzuzo nke ukwuu.Usoro njikwa chọrọ dị mgbagwoju anya.Ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ike ịmepụta ọtụtụ na ọkwa dị iche iche nke ngwaahịa HEC na MC.

6.1.4 Ndị asọmpi ọhụrụ

Mmepụta na-arụpụta ọtụtụ ihe site na ngwaahịa na ọnụ ahịa gburugburu ebe obibi dị elu.T/a osisi ọhụrụ 10,000 ga-eri $90 nde na $130 nde.Na United States, Western Europe na Japan.Azụmahịa cellulose ether na-adịkarị obere ego karịa ntinye ego.N'ahịa ndị dị adị.Ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ anaghị asọmpi.Otú ọ dị na mba anyị, itinye ego n'ahịa dị ntakịrị ma ahịa ụlọ anyị nwere atụmanya dị mma maka mmepe.Na ọganihu nke nkà na ụzụ.Ntinye ego na owuwu akụrụngwa na-abawanye.Ya mere bụrụ ihe mgbochi akụ na ụba dị elu nye ndị batara ọhụrụ.Ọbụna ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ugbu a kwesịrị ịgbasa mmepụta ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ kwere.

A ga-edobe itinye ego na R&D maka HEC na MCS iji mepụta usoro ọhụrụ na ngwa ọhụrụ.N'ihi na ethylene na propylene oxides.Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ya nwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ.Na teknụzụ mmepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ CMC dị.Na dịtụ mfe itinye ego ọnụ bụ ala.Mmepụta nke ọkwa a nụchara anụcha chọrọ nnukwu ego na teknụzụ dị mgbagwoju anya.

6.1.5 Ụdị asọmpi dị ugbu a na obodo anyị

Ihe ngosi nke asọmpi ọgba aghara dịkwa na ụlọ ọrụ ether cellulose.Tụnyere ọrụ kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ.Cellulose ether bụ obere ntinye ego.Oge ihe owuwu ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ.Ejiri ọtụtụ ebe.Ọnọdụ ahịa dị ugbu a na-agba ume, n'ihi na mgbasawanye ọgba aghara nke ihe omume ụlọ ọrụ dị njọ karị.Uru ụlọ ọrụ na-ada.Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụego ọrụ CMC dị ugbu a na-anabata.Mana ka ikike ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu na-ahapụ ya.Asọmpi ahịa ga-adịwanye njọ.

N'afọ adịbeghị anya.N'ihi oke ike ụlọ.Mmepụta CMC 13 anọgidewo na-eto ngwa ngwa.Ma n'afọ a, mbelata nkwụghachi ụgwọ ụtụ isi nke mbupụ, ekele nke RMB mere ka uru mbupụ ngwaahịa ahụ daa.Ya mere, wusie mgbanwe teknụzụ ike.Ịkwalite àgwà ngwaahịa na mbupụ ngwaahịa dị elu bụ ihe kachasị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.A na-atụnyere ụlọ ọrụ cellulose ether nke obodo anyị na mba ọzọ.Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị obere azụmahịa.Ma enweghị mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ, mgbanwe ahịa na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na-eduga ụlọ ọrụ.Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ọ gbochiri ụlọ ọrụ ahụ itinye ego na nkwalite teknụzụ.

6.2 Aro

(1) Mmụba nyocha nke onwe na mbọ ọhụrụ iji mepụta ụdị ọhụrụ.Ionic cellulose ether na-anọchi anya CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose).Nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe.N'okpuru mkpali na-aga n'ihu nke ahịa ahịa.Ngwaahịa nonionic cellulose ether apụtala n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.Na-egosiputa ume uto siri ike.A na-ekpebi ogo ngwaahịa ether cellulose site na ịdị ọcha.Mba ụwa.Nchịkwa nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ nke United States na ihe ndị ọzọ doro anya chọrọ maka ịdị ọcha ngwaahịa CMC kwesịrị ịdị n'elu 99.5%.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mmepụta nke mba anyị CMC nwere 1/3 nke mmepụta ụwa.Mana ogo ngwaahịa ahụ dị ala, 1: 1 bụ ngwaahịa kachasị dị ala, uru agbakwunyere dị ala.CMC na-ebupụ ihe karịrị ibubata kwa afọ.Ma ngụkọta ọnụ ahịa bụ otu.Nonionic cellulose ethers nwekwara obere arụpụtaghị ihe.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịbawanye mmepụta na mmepe nke nonionic cellulose ether.Ugbu a.Ụlọ ọrụ si mba ọzọ na-abịa n'ala anyị ijikọ ụlọ ọrụ ma wuo ụlọ mmepụta ihe.Obodo anyị kwesịrị iji ohere mmepe na-akwalite ọkwa mmepụta na àgwà ngwaahịa.N'afọ adịbeghị anya.Achọ ụlọ maka ngwaahịa ether cellulose ndị ọzọ karịa CMC na-abawanye.Karịsịa, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ chọrọ HPMC dị elu na MC ka chọrọ obere mbubata.Ekwesịrị ịhazi mmepe na mmepụta.

(2) Melite ọkwa akụrụngwa nke teknụzụ.The n'ibu akụrụngwa larịị nke ụlọ ọcha usoro dị ala.Kwụsị igbochi mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.Isi adịghị ọcha na ngwaahịa bụ sodium chloride.Tupu.A na-eji Tripod centrifuge eme ihe na obodo anyị.Usoro nchacha bụ ọrụ na-adịte aka, oke ọrụ ike, nnukwu ike oriri.Ogo ngwaahịa na-esikwa ike imeziwanye.Otu ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ cellulose ether nke mba malitere imeri nsogbu ahụ na 2003. Emeela ihe na-agba ume ugbu a.Ịdị ọcha nke ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ eruola karịa 99.5%.Na mgbakwunye.Enwere oghere n'etiti ogo akpaaka nke ahịrị mmepụta dum na nke mba ọzọ.A na-atụ aro ka ị tụlee njikọ nke ngwá ọrụ mba ọzọ na ngwá ụlọ.Isi njikọ na-akwado akụrụngwa mbubata.Iji meziwanye akpaaka nke ahịrị mmepụta.E jiri ya tụnyere ngwaahịa ionic, ether cellulose na-abụghị ionic chọrọ ọkwa teknụzụ dị elu.Ọ dị ngwa ngwa imebi ihe mgbochi teknụzụ nke usoro mmepụta na ngwa ngwa.

(3) Lezienụ anya n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na akụrụngwa.Afọ a bụ afọ nke nchekwa ike anyị na mbelata ikuku.Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa maka mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ iji gwọọ nsogbu akụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọma.Ọwụwa mmiri a na-esi na ụlọ ọrụ cellulose ether bụ ihe na-agbaze mmiri distilled, nke nwere nnukwu nnu na nnukwu COD.A na-ahọrọ ụzọ biochemical.

Na obodo anyị.Isi akụrụngwa maka mmepụta nke cellulose ether bụ owu owu.Ajị owu bụ ihe mkpofu ugbo tupu 1980s, iji ya na-emepụta cellulose ether bụ ime ka mkpofu ghọọ ụlọ ọrụ akụ.Agbanyeghị.Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke eriri viscose na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.Raw owu mkpirisi velvet ogologo aghọwo akụ nke akụ.Ọchịchọ atọrọ ka ọ gafeta ọbịbịa.Ekwesịrị ịgba ndị ụlọ ọrụ ume ka ha bubata pulp osisi sitere na mba ọzọ dịka Russia, Brazil na Canada.Iji belata nsogbu nke ụkọ akụrụngwa na-abawanye ụba, a na-edochi ajị owu.