Iyini i-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC)

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) iphuma kokunye okushintshwe amakhemikhali ku-cellulose, okuyi-polymer eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo.I-Cellulose yakhiwe amayunithi eglucose aphindaphindayo axhunywe ndawonye ngamabhondi e-beta-1,4-glycosidic, akha amaketanga amade.Ingenye yezinhlanganisela ezitholakala ngobuningi eMhlabeni futhi isebenza njengengxenye yesakhiwo ezitshalweni.I-Polyanionic cellulose ihlanganiswa kusuka ku-cellulose ngochungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali okwethula amaqembu e-anionic kumgogodla we-cellulose.Lawa maqembu e-anionic anikeza i-PAC izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile futhi ayenze ibe yigugu ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni.

1.Isakhiwo Sekhemikhali kanye Nokuhlanganiswa:
I-Polyanionic cellulose ikhiqizwa yi-etherification noma i-esterification ye-cellulose.Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-etherification, amaqembu e-hydroxyl (-OH) kumaketango e-cellulose athathelwa indawo ngamaqembu e-ether, ngokuvamile i-carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) noma amaqembu e-carboxyethyl (-CH2CH2COOH).Le nqubo yethula amashaji angemahle kumgogodla we-cellulose, iwenze uncibilike emanzini futhi ushajwe ngendlela engafanele.I-degree of substitution (DS), ebhekisela enanini elimaphakathi elishintshiwe le-hydroxyl ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose, lingalawulwa ukuze kuqondiswe izici ze-PAC zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

2.Izakhiwo:
Ukunyibilika Kwamanzi: Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ze-PAC ukuncibilika kwayo emanzini, okuvela ekwethulweni kwamaqembu e-anionic.Lokhu kuncibilika kwenza i-PAC iphatheke kalula futhi ihlanganiswe kumasistimu amanzi.
Ukulawula I-Rheological: I-PAC yaziwa ngekhono layo lokuguqula izakhiwo ze-rheological zoketshezi.Ingasebenza njenge-ejenti yokuqina, ithuthukise i-viscosity futhi ilawule ukugeleza koketshezi.Lesi sakhiwo sibaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nokumba uwoyela, lapho i-PAC isetshenziselwa ukumba udaka ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza kwe-wellbore nokulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi.
Ukulawula Ukuhlunga: I-PAC ingaphinda isebenze njenge-ejenti yokulawula ukuhlunga, isize ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziqinile phakathi nezinqubo zokuhlunga.Le ndawo inenzuzo ezimbonini ezifana nezimayini kanye nokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.
I-pH Ukuzinza: I-PAC ibonisa ukuzinza phezu kwebanga elibanzi le-pH, elinikela ekusebenzisaneni kwayo ngezindlela eziningi ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene.
Ukuhambisana: I-PAC ihambisana nohlu lwamanye amakhemikhali nezithasiselo ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zezimboni.

3.Izinhlelo zokusebenza:
Imboni kawoyela negesi: I-PAC isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini kawoyela negesi, ikakhulukazi oketshezini lokumba (udaka).Isebenza njenge-viscosifier, i-ejenti yokulawula ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, kanye ne-shale inhibitor, isiza ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi yokumba kanye nokugcina ubuqotho be kahle.
Ezokwakha: Embonini yezokwakha, i-PAC iqashwe ekufakeni usimende izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-rheological zodaka lukasimende.Ithuthukisa ukumpompa, inciphise ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, futhi ithuthukise amandla ebhondi usimende.
Ezemithi: I-PAC ithola izinhlelo zokusebenza ekwenziweni kwemithi njengesihlanganisi ekukhiqizeni ithebhulethi nanjengesishintshi se-viscosity ekwakhiweni koketshezi.
Ukudla Nesiphuzo: Embonini yokudla neziphuzo, i-PAC isetshenziswa njengesiqinisi, ukuqina, kanye ne-emulsifier emikhiqizweni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa amasoso, okokugqoka, nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Imikhiqizo Yokunakekela Umuntu Siqu: I-PAC ifakwe emikhiqizweni yokunakekela yomuntu siqu njengama-shampoos, ama-conditioner, nama-lotions ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokujiya nokuzinzisa.
Ukwelapha Amanzi: I-PAC isetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokuhlanza amanzi njenge-flocculant ne-coagulant aid ukuze kukhishwe izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe kanye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini.

4. Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo:
Nakuba i-PAC inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezinhlelweni zezimboni, ukukhiqizwa kwayo nokusetshenziswa kungase kuphakamise ukukhathazeka kwemvelo.Ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-cellulose ukuze kukhiqizwe i-PAC ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagents nezinqubo ezidinga amandla.Ukwengeza, ukulahlwa kwemikhiqizo equkethe i-PAC kungase kube nomthelela ekungcolisweni kwemvelo uma izinqubo ezifanele zokulawula udoti zingalandelwa.Ngakho-ke, imizamo iyaqhubeka yokuthuthukisa izindlela ezisimeme zokuhlanganiswa kwe-PAC kanye nokukhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha noma ukucekelwa phansi kwemikhiqizo esekwe ku-PAC.

Isidingo se-polyanionic cellulose kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke nokukhula kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziguquguqukayo kanye nobubanzi bezicelo.Imizamo yocwaningo igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuzinza kwe-PAC, ukuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa, kanye nokuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela ezivumela imvelo.Ukwengeza, kunentshisekelo ekhulayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-PAC emikhakheni esafufusa njenge-biomedicine namandla avuselelekayo.Sekukonke, i-polyanionic cellulose isalokhu iyi-polymer ewusizo futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni zesimanje zezimboni, ngentuthuko eqhubekayo ehloselwe ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngenkathi kunciphisa indawo yayo yemvelo.

i-polyanionic cellulose (i-PAC) iphuma kokunye okushintshwe amakhemikhali ku-cellulose enezici ezihlukile eziyenza ibe yigugu kuhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.Kusukela ekuthuthukiseni izinto eziwuketshezi ekumbiweni kukawoyela kuya ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokwenziwa kwemithi, i-PAC idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi.Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukucabangela imithelela yemvelo yokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-PAC futhi kusebenzele izixazululo ezisimeme.Naphezu kwezinselele, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokusha kuyaqhubeka nokwandisa amandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-polyanionic cellulose, iqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwayo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene eminyakeni ezayo.