Cellulose ya Polyanionic ni iki (PAC)

Polyanionic selulose (PAC) ni imiti ihindura imiti ya selile, ikaba isanzwe iba polymer iboneka murukuta rw'utugingo ngengabuzima.Cellulose igizwe no gusubiramo ibice bya glucose bihujwe hamwe na beta-1,4-glycosidic, bikora iminyururu ndende.Nibimwe mubintu byinshi byingirakamaro ku isi kandi bikora nkibintu byubaka mubimera.Polyanionic selulose ikomatanyirizwa muri selile ikoresheje urukurikirane rw'imiti itangiza amatsinda ya anionic kumugongo wa selile.Aya matsinda ya anionic aha PAC imiterere yihariye kandi ikagira agaciro mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda.

1.Imiterere ya Himiki na Synthesis:
Polyanionic selulose ikorwa na etherification cyangwa esterification ya selile.Mugihe cya etherification, amatsinda ya hydroxyl (-OH) kumurongo wa selulose asimbuzwa amatsinda ya ether, mubisanzwe carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) cyangwa carboxyethyl (-CH2CH2COOH).Ubu buryo butangiza amafaranga mabi kumugongo wa selile, bigatuma amazi ashonga kandi akishyurwa nabi muri rusange.Urwego rwo gusimbuza (DS), rwerekana umubare mpuzandengo w'amatsinda ya hydroxyl yasimbuwe kuri glucose, urashobora kugenzurwa kugirango uhuze imitungo ya PAC kubisabwa byihariye.

2.Umutungo:
Amazi meza: Kimwe mubintu byingenzi bya PAC nubushobozi bwamazi, biva mugutangiza amatsinda ya anionic.Uku gukemura bituma PAC yoroshye gukemura no kwinjiza muri sisitemu y'amazi.
Kugenzura Rheologiya: PAC izwiho ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere ya rheologiya y'amazi.Irashobora gukora nkibintu byiyongera, byongera ubwiza no kugenzura amazi.Uyu mutungo ufite agaciro cyane cyane mu nganda nko gucukura peteroli, aho PAC ikoreshwa mu gucukura ibyondo kugirango ibungabunge umutekano w’amazi no kurwanya igihombo cy’amazi.
Igenzura rya Filtration: PAC irashobora kandi gukora nkumukozi wo kugenzura iyungurura, ifasha mukurinda gutakaza ibinini mugihe cyo kuyungurura.Uyu mutungo ni ingirakamaro mu nganda nko gucukura no gutunganya amazi mabi.
pH Ihamye: PAC yerekana ituze hejuru ya pH yagutse, igira uruhare muburyo bwinshi mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Guhuza: PAC irahujwe nurwego rwindi miti ninyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda.

3.Ibisabwa:
Inganda za peteroli na gazi: PAC ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, cyane cyane mu gucukura amazi (ibyondo).Ikora nka viscosifier, agent igenzura igihombo, hamwe na shale inhibitor, ifasha kunoza ibikorwa byo gucukura no gukomeza ubusugire bwiza.
Ubwubatsi: Mu nganda zubaka, PAC ikoreshwa mugukomeza sima kugirango izamure imiterere ya rheologiya ya sima.Itezimbere ubushobozi, igabanya igihombo cyamazi, kandi ikongera imbaraga za sima.
Imiti ya farumasi: PAC isanga porogaramu muburyo bwa farumasi nkumuhuza mugukora ibinini kandi nkibihindura ibishishwa muburyo bwamazi.
Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: Mu nganda y'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, PAC ikoreshwa nka stabilisateur, ikabyimbye, na emulisiferi mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye, birimo isosi, imyambarire, n'ibikomoka ku mata.
Ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu ku giti cye: PAC yinjijwe mu bicuruzwa byita ku muntu nka shampo, kondereti, n'amavuta yo kwisiga kugira ngo bibyimbye kandi bihamye.
Gutunganya Amazi: PAC ikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi nkimfashanyo ya flocculant na coagulant mugukuraho ibintu byahagaritswe nibintu kama mumazi.

4.Ibidukikije:
Mugihe PAC itanga inyungu nyinshi mubikorwa byinganda, umusaruro wacyo nikoreshwa bishobora guteza impungenge ibidukikije.Guhindura imiti ya selile kugirango itange PAC mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gukoresha reagent hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi.Byongeye kandi, kujugunya ibicuruzwa birimo PAC bishobora kugira uruhare mu guhumanya ibidukikije niba bidakurikijwe uburyo bwo gucunga neza imyanda.Kubwibyo, harakomeje imbaraga zo guteza imbere uburyo burambye bwo guhuza PAC no guteza imbere gutunganya cyangwa ibinyabuzima byangiza ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri PAC.

Ibisabwa kuri selile ya polyanionic biteganijwe ko bizakomeza kwiyongera mu nganda zinyuranye bitewe nuburyo butandukanye kandi bukoreshwa cyane.Imbaraga zubushakashatsi zibanda ku kurushaho kunoza imikorere no kuramba kwa PAC, gucukumbura inzira ya synthesis nshya, no guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije.Byongeye kandi, hari inyungu ziyongera mugukoresha PAC mubice bigenda bigaragara nka biomedicine ningufu zishobora kubaho.Muri rusange, selile ya polyanionic ikomeza kuba polymer ifite agaciro kandi ningirakamaro mubikorwa byinganda zigezweho, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rigamije kongera akamaro kayo mugihe hagabanijwe ibidukikije.

polyanionic selulose (PAC) ni imiti ikomoka kuri selile ikomoka kuri selile ifite imiterere yihariye ituma igira agaciro muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha inganda.Kuva mu kuzamura ibintu byamazi mu gucukura peteroli kugeza kunoza imikorere yimiti yimiti, PAC igira uruhare runini mubice byinshi.Nyamara, kimwe n’ibicuruzwa byose bivura imiti, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku musaruro wa PAC no gukoresha no gukora ibisubizo birambye.Nubwo hari ibibazo, ubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya bikomeje kwagura ubushobozi no gukoresha selile ya polyanionic selile, byemeza akamaro kayo mubikorwa bitandukanye mumyaka iri imbere.