Abstract:I-Cellulose ether iyisengezo esikhulu odakeni oseluxubile.Izinhlobo nezici zesakhiwo se-cellulose ether ziyethulwa, futhi i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC) ikhethwa njengesengezo sokutadisha ngokuhlelekile umthelela ezimpahleni ezihlukahlukene zodaka..Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi: I-HPMC ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, futhi inomphumela wokunciphisa amanzi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungase futhi kunciphise ukuminyana kwengxube yodaka, kunwebe isikhathi sokubeka udaka, futhi kunciphise amandla okuguquguquka nokucindezelwa kodaka.
Amagama angukhiye:udaka olulungile oluxubile;i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC);ukusebenza
0.Isandulela
I-Mortar ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezokwakha.Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zabantu zekhwalithi yokwakha, udaka seluthuthuke kancane kancane lwaya ekudayiseni njengokugqugquzela nokuthuthukiswa kukakhonkolo osulungele ukuxutshwa.Uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka olulungiselelwe ubuchwepheshe bendabuko, udaka olukhiqizwa ngokudayiswa lunezinzuzo eziningi ezisobala: (a) izinga lomkhiqizo ophezulu;(b) izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza;(c) ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okuncane futhi kulungele ukwakha okuphucuzekile.Njengamanje, i-Guangzhou, i-Shanghai, i-Beijing namanye amadolobha ase-China akhuthaze udaka oluxutshwe ngomumo, futhi amazinga emboni afanelekile namazinga kazwelonke akhishiwe noma azokhishwa maduze.
Ngokombono wokubunjwa, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kodaka oluxubekile nodaka lwendabuko ukungezwa kwezixube zamakhemikhali, phakathi kwazo i-cellulose ether iyingxube yamakhemikhali esetshenziswa kakhulu.I-Cellulose ether ivamise ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti egcina amanzi.Inhloso ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka oseluvele luxubile.Inani le-cellulose ether lincane, kodwa linomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kodaka.Kuyisithasiselo esikhulu esithinta ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka.Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda okwengeziwe komthelela wezinhlobo nezici zesakhiwo se-cellulose ether ekusebenzeni kodaka lukasimende kuzosiza ukukhetha nokusebenzisa i-cellulose ether ngendlela efanele futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kodaka.
1. Izinhlobo nezici zesakhiwo se-cellulose ethers
I-Cellulose ether i-polymer encibilika emanzini, icutshungulwa kusuka ku-cellulose yemvelo ngokusebenzisa ukuchithwa kwe-alkali, ukusabela kokuxhunyelelwa (i-etherification), ukuwasha, ukomisa, ukugaya nezinye izinqubo.Ama-cellulose ethers ahlukaniswe abe ionic ne-nonionic, kanti i-ionic cellulose inosawoti we-carboxymethyl cellulose.I-nonionic cellulose ihlanganisa i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, i-methyl cellulose ether nokunye okunjalo.Ngenxa yokuthi i-ionic cellulose ether (usawoti we-carboxymethyl cellulose) ayizinzile lapho kukhona i-calcium ions, ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yempushana eyomile enosimende, i-lime e-slaked nezinye izinto zikasimende.Ama-cellulose ether asetshenziswa odakeni lwempuphu eyomile ikakhulukazi i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC), ehlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-90% wesabelo semakethe.
I-HPMC yakhiwe ngokusabela kwe-etherification kokwelashwa kokuvula i-cellulose alkali nge-etherification ejenti i-methyl chloride ne-propylene oxide.Ekuphenduleni kwe-etherification, iqembu le-hydroxyl ku-molecule ye-cellulose lithathelwa indawo yi-methoxy) kanye ne-hydroxypropyl ukwakha i-HPMC.Inani lamaqembu athathelwe indawo yiqembu le-hydroxyl ku-molecule ye-cellulose lingavezwa ngezinga le-etherification (ebizwa nangokuthi izinga lokushintsha).I-ether ye-HPMC Izinga lokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali liphakathi kuka-12 no-15. Ngakho-ke, kunamaqembu abalulekile njenge-hydroxyl (-OH), ibhondi ye-ether (-o-) neringi ye-anhydroglucose esakhiweni se-HPMC, futhi la maqembu anesici esithile. umthelela ekusebenzeni kodaka .
2. Umphumela we-cellulose ether ezimpahleni zodaka lukasimende
2.1 Izinto ezingasetshenzisiwe zokuhlolwa
I-Cellulose ether: ikhiqizwa yi-Luzhou Hercules Tianpu Chemical Co., Ltd., i-viscosity: 75000;
Usimende: Usimende oyinhlanganisela yezinga lama-32.5;isihlabathi: isihlabathi esiphakathi;fly ash: grade II.
2.2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa
2.2.1 Umphumela wokunciphisa amanzi we-cellulose ether
Kusukela ebuhlotsheni obuphakathi kokuvumelana kwe-mortar kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esifanayo sokuxuba, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuhambisana kodaka kukhula kancane kancane ngokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether.Uma umthamo ungu-0.3 ‰, ukuvumelana kodaka cishe ku-50% ephakeme kunalokho ngaphandle kokuxuba, okubonisa ukuthi i-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka.Njengoba inani le-cellulose ether likhula, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kungancipha kancane kancane.Kungacatshangwa ukuthi i-cellulose ether inomphumela othile wokunciphisa amanzi.
2.2.2 Ukugcina amanzi
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka kubhekisela emandleni odaka okugcina amanzi, futhi kuyinkomba yokusebenza yokukala ukuqina kwezingxenye zangaphakathi zikasimende omusha ngesikhathi sokuthutha kanye nokupaka.Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kungalinganiswa ngezinkomba ezimbili: izinga le-stratification kanye nenani lokugcinwa kwamanzi, kodwa ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-ejenti yokugcina amanzi, ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka oluxutshwe ngodaka kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi izinga lokuhlukaniswa alizwela ngokwanele. ukukhombisa umehluko.Ukuhlolwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi ukubala izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokulinganisa ukuguqulwa kwenqwaba yephepha lokuhlunga ngaphambi nangemva kokuxhumana kwephepha lokuhlunga nendawo eshiwo yodaka phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.Ngenxa yokumuncwa kwamanzi okuhle kwephepha lokuhlunga, ngisho noma ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka kuphezulu, iphepha lokuhlunga lingakwazi ukumunca umswakama odongeni, ngakho.Izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lingabonisa ngokunembile ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, uma izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kungcono.
Kunezindlela eziningi zobuchwepheshe zokuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka, kodwa ukwengeza i-cellulose ether kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu.Isakhiwo se-cellulose ether iqukethe ibhondi ye-hydroxyl ne-ether.Ama-athomu omoya-mpilo kulawa maqembu ahlotshaniswa nama-molecule amanzi ukuze akhe izibopho ze-hydrogen.Yenza ama-molecule amanzi mahhala abe amanzi ahlanganisiwe, ukuze adlale indima enhle ekugcineni amanzi.Kusukela ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, kungabonakala ukuthi phakathi kwebanga lokuqukethwe kokuhlola, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether kubonisa ubudlelwano obuhle obuhambisanayo.Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi likhulu..
2.2.3 Ukuminyana kwengxube yodaka
Kungabonakala emthethweni woshintsho wokuminyana kwengxube yodaka nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether ukuthi ukuminyana kwengxube yodaka kancane kancane kuncipha ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, kanye nokuminyana okumanzi kodaka lapho okuqukethwe ngu-0.3‰o Yehle ngo-17% (uma kuqhathaniswa nokungahlanganisi).Kunezizathu ezimbili zokunciphisa ukuminyana kodaka: esinye siwumphumela wokungenisa umoya we-cellulose ether.I-cellulose ether iqukethe amaqembu e-alkyl, anganciphisa amandla angaphezulu esisombululo samanzi, futhi abe nomthelela wokungenisa umoya odakeni lukasimende, okwenza okuqukethwe komoya wodaka kukhuphuke, futhi ukuqina kwefilimu ye-bubble nakho kuphakeme kunalokho. ama-bubbles amanzi ahlanzekile, futhi akulula ukuwakhipha;ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cellulose ether iyanda ngemva kokumunca amanzi futhi ithatha umthamo othile, okulingana nokwandisa izimbotshana zangaphakathi zodaka, ngakho-ke kubangela udaka ukuxuba amaconsi e-Density.
Umphumela wokungenisa umoya we-cellulose ether uthuthukisa ukusebenza kodaka ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokwanda kokuqukethwe komoya, ukwakheka komzimba oqinile kuyaxegiswa, okuholela kumphumela omubi wokuncipha. izici mechanical ezifana amandla.
2.2.4 Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa
Kusukela ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi kwesikhathi sokusetha sodaka kanye nenani le-ether, kungabonakala ngokucacile ukuthi i-cellulose ether inomthelela wokuvinjelwa kodaka.Uma umthamo omkhulu, umphumela wokuhlehlisa osobala kakhulu.
Umthelela wokuhlehlisa we-cellulose ether uhlobene eduze nezici zayo zesakhiwo.I-cellulose ether igcina isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-cellulose, okusho ukuthi, isakhiwo sendandatho ye-anhydroglucose sisekhona esakhiweni samangqamuzana e-cellulose ether, futhi indandatho ye-anhydroglucose iyimbangela yeqembu eliyinhloko le-cement retarding, elingakha i-molecule ye-sugar-calcium. ama-compounds (noma ama-complexes) ane-calcium ions esixazululweni samanzi sikasimende se-hydration, esinciphisa ukugxiliswa kwe-calcium ion esikhathini sokungeniswa kwe-cement hydration futhi kuvimbele i-Ca(OH): Futhi ukwakheka kwekristalu kasawoti we-calcium, imvula, kanye nokubambezela inqubo yokufaka usimende.
2.2.5 Amandla
Kusukela ethonyeni le-cellulose ether emandleni aguquguqukayo futhi acindezelayo odaka, kungabonakala ukuthi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether, amandla e-flexible kanye nezinsuku ezingu-28 zokuguquguquka kanye nokucindezela kodaka konke kubonisa ukuthambekela kokwehla.
Isizathu sokuncipha kwamandla odaka singabangelwa ukwanda kokuqukethwe komoya, okwandisa i-porosity yodaka oluqinile futhi kwenza isakhiwo sangaphakathi somzimba oqinile sikhululeke.Ngokuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kokuminyana okumanzi namandla okucindezela odaka, kungabonakala ukuthi kukhona ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kwakho kokubili, ukuminyana okumanzi kuphansi, amandla aphansi, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, amandla aphezulu.U-Huang Liangen usebenzise i-equation yobudlelwano phakathi kwe-porosity namandla emishini atholwe yi-Ryskewith ukuze athole ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla acindezelayo odaka oluxutshwe ne-cellulose ether kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ether.
3. Isiphetho
(1) I-cellulose ether iphuma ku-cellulose, equkethe i-hydroxyl,
Amabhondi e-Ether, izindandatho ze-anhydroglucose namanye amaqembu, lawa maqembu athinta izakhiwo zomzimba nezomshini zodaka.
(2) I-HPMC ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kodaka, yandise isikhathi sokumisa udaka, inciphise ukuminyana kwengxube yodaka namandla omzimba oqinile.
(3) Lapho kulungiswa udaka oseluvele luxubile, i-cellulose ether kufanele isetshenziswe ngokunengqondo.Xazulula ubudlelwano obuphikisanayo phakathi kokusebenza kodaka kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-20-2023