I. Bayani
A matsayin daya daga cikin kayan albarkatun kasa na sutura, yawan adadin abubuwan da ake amfani da su yawanci kadan ne (yawanci game da 1% na jimlar tsari), amma sakamakon yana da kyau.Ƙarin shi ba zai iya guje wa yawancin lahani na sutura da lahani na fim ba, amma har ma ya sa aikin samarwa da aikin gine-ginen ya zama mai sauƙin sarrafawa, kuma ƙara wasu abubuwan da ke da alaƙa na iya ba da suturar da wasu ayyuka na musamman.Saboda haka, additives wani muhimmin sashi ne na sutura.
2. Rarraba Additives
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun don sutura sun haɗa da ma'aikatan hana daidaitawa, masu kauri, wakilai masu daidaitawa, masu sarrafa kumfa, masu tallata adhesion, jika da tarwatsawa, da sauransu.
3. Ayyuka da aikace-aikace na additives
(1) Organic anti-setling wakili
Yawancin waɗannan samfuran sun dogara ne akan polyolefins, ana tarwatsa su cikin wasu sauran ƙarfi, wani lokacin ana yin su tare da abin da aka samo asali na mai.Wadannan additives sun zo cikin nau'i uku: ruwa, manna, da foda.
1. Abubuwan Rheological:
Babban aikin rheological na kwayoyin anti-setling agents shine don sarrafa dakatar da pigments - wato, don hana matsananciyar matsala ko don kauce wa daidaitawa gaba ɗaya, wanda shine aikace-aikacen su na yau da kullum.Amma a aikace, yana haifar da karuwa a cikin danko da kuma wani nau'i na juriya na sag, musamman a cikin suturar masana'antu.Ma'aikatan anti-settings za su narke saboda girman zafin jiki, don haka rasa tasirin su, amma rheology na su zai murmure yayin da tsarin ya yi sanyi.
2. Aikace-aikace na Organic anti-settle agent:
Don yin aikin anti-setting wakili mai kyau a cikin sutura, ya kamata a tarwatsa shi da kyau kuma a kunna shi.Takamaiman matakai sune kamar haka:
(1) Jika (bushe foda kawai).A bushe foda Organic anti-sedimentation wakili ne mai tara, domin ya raba barbashi daga juna, shi dole ne a wetted da sauran ƙarfi da (ko) guduro.Yawancin lokaci ya isa ƙara shi zuwa slurry na niƙa tare da matsananciyar tashin hankali.
(2) Deagglomeration (kawai don busassun foda).Ƙarfin haɓakar magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da ƙarfi sosai, kuma haɗuwa mai sauƙi mai sauƙi ya isa a mafi yawan lokuta.
(3) Watsawa, dumama, tsawon lokacin watsawa (duk iri).Duk abubuwan da ke hana lalata kwayoyin halitta suna da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na kunnawa, kuma idan ba a kai ba, komai girman ƙarfin tarwatsawa, ba za a sami aikin rheological ba.Zazzabi na kunnawa ya dogara da sauran ƙarfi da aka yi amfani da shi.Lokacin da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki ya wuce, damuwa da aka yi amfani da shi zai kunna wakili na anti-sedimentation na kwayoyin halitta kuma ya ba da cikakken wasa ga aikinsa.
(2) Mai kauri
Akwai nau'ikan kauri daban-daban da ake amfani da su a cikin fenti na tushen ƙarfi da na ruwa.Nau'ukan kauri da ake amfani da su a cikin suturar ruwa sune: ethers cellulose, polyacrylates, masu kauri masu alaƙa da masu kauri na inorganic.
1. Mafi yawan amfani da cellulose ether thickener shine hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC).Dangane da danko, akwai ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban.HEC samfuri ne mai narkewar ruwa mai foda, wanda ba shi da kauri ba na ionic.Yana da sakamako mai kauri mai kyau, mai kyau juriya na ruwa da juriya na alkali, amma rashin amfaninsa shine cewa yana da sauƙin girma mold, ruɓe, kuma yana da ƙarancin daidaitawa.
2. The polyacrylate thickener ne acrylate copolymer emulsion tare da babban carboxyl abun ciki, da kuma babban siffa shi ne da kyau juriya ga mold mamayewa.Lokacin da pH ya kasance 8-10, irin wannan thickener ya zama kumbura kuma yana ƙara danko na lokaci na ruwa;amma lokacin da pH ya fi 10, yana narkewa cikin ruwa kuma ya rasa tasirinsa mai kauri.Saboda haka, akwai mafi girman hankali ga pH.A halin yanzu, ruwan ammonia shine mafi yawan amfani da pH mai daidaitawa don fentin latex a China.Don haka, lokacin da aka yi amfani da irin wannan nau'in kauri, ƙimar pH za ta ragu tare da daidaitawar ruwan ammonia, kuma tasirinsa mai kauri zai ragu.
3. Associative thickeners da daban-daban thickeners inji daga sauran nau'in thickeners.Yawancin masu kauri suna kawo danko ta hanyar hydration da samuwar tsarin gel mai rauni a cikin tsarin.Duk da haka, associative thickeners, kamar surfactants, da biyu hydrophilic sassa da bakin-friendly yellow cleansing man sassa a cikin kwayoyin.Za a iya shayar da sassan hydrophilic kuma a kumbura don yin kauri a lokacin ruwan.Ƙungiyoyin ƙarshen lipophilic za a iya haɗa su tare da ƙwayoyin emulsion da ƙwayoyin pigment.haɗin gwiwa don samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa.
4. A inorganic thickener yana wakiltar bentonite.Yawancin bentonite na ruwa yana kumbura lokacin da ya sha ruwa, kuma ƙarar bayan shan ruwa sau da yawa na asali.Ba wai kawai yana aiki azaman mai kauri bane, har ma yana hana nutsewa, sagging, da launi mai iyo.Its thickening sakamako ne mafi alhẽri daga na alkali-swellable acrylic da polyurethane thickeners a daidai adadin.Bugu da kari, shi ma yana da faffadan daidaitawar pH, kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali-narkewa da kwanciyar hankali na halitta.Saboda ba ya ƙunshi surfactants masu narkewa da ruwa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin fim ɗin busassun na iya hana ƙaurawar ruwa da yaduwa, kuma suna iya haɓaka juriya na ruwa na fim ɗin shafa.
(3) wakili mai daidaitawa
Akwai manyan nau'ikan ma'auni guda uku waɗanda aka saba amfani da su:
1. Gyara nau'in nau'in polysiloxane mai daidaitawa
Irin wannan nau'in ma'auni na ma'auni na iya rage girman yanayin da ake ciki na rufin, inganta wettability na sutura zuwa ga substrate, da kuma hana shrinkage;zai iya rage bambance-bambancen tashin hankali a farfajiyar fim ɗin rigar saboda ƙarancin ƙarfi, inganta yanayin kwararar ƙasa, kuma ya sa Paint ɗin ya daidaita da sauri;irin wannan nau'in ma'auni na ma'auni na iya samar da fim mai mahimmanci na bakin ciki da santsi a kan fuskar fim ɗin da aka shafa, ta haka ne inganta haɓakar laushi da sheki na farfajiyar fim din.
2. Dogon sarkar guduro nau'in ma'auni mai daidaitawa tare da iyakataccen daidaituwa
Irin su acrylate homopolymer ko copolymer, wanda zai iya rage tashin hankali na shafi da kuma substrate zuwa wani matsayi don inganta wettability da kuma hana shrinkage;kuma zai iya samar da matakin kwayoyin guda ɗaya a kan fuskar fim ɗin don ƙara yawan tashin hankali na shafi Homogenize, inganta yanayin ruwa, hana saurin volatilization mai ƙarfi, kawar da lahani irin su kwasfa na orange da alamomin goga, da kuma sanya fim din mai laushi da santsi kuma ko da.
3. Leveling wakili da high tafasar batu sauran ƙarfi a matsayin babban bangaren
Irin wannan nau'i na ma'auni na iya daidaita ma'auni na ƙaura, don haka fim ɗin da aka rufe yana da ma'auni mai daidaitawa da rashin ƙarfi a lokacin aikin bushewa, kuma yana hana kwararar fim ɗin rufewa daga hanawa ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa mai ƙarfi da sauri da sauri. danko yana da yawa, yana haifar da rashin lahani mara kyau, kuma zai iya hana raguwar lalacewa ta hanyar rashin ƙarfi na kayan tushe da hazo da ke haifar da ƙaurawar volatilization da sauri.
(4) Wakilin kula da kumfa
Ana kuma kiran masu sarrafa kumfa masu hana kumfa ko masu lalata kumfa.Magungunan hana kumfa suna hana ko jinkirta samuwar kumfa: Magungunan hana kumfa sune abubuwan da ke fashe kumfa da suka samu.Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su biyun shine kawai ka'idar zuwa wani matsayi, mai nasara mai nasara kuma zai iya hana samuwar kumfa kamar wakili na antifoam.Gabaɗaya magana, wakili na antifoaming ya ƙunshi sassa uku na asali: fili mai aiki (watau wakili mai aiki);wakili mai watsawa (akwai ko a'a);mai ɗaukar kaya.
(5) Abubuwan jika da tarwatsawa
Jika da tarwatsa wakilai na iya samun ayyuka iri-iri, amma manyan ayyuka guda biyu sune don rage lokaci da/ko makamashin da ake buƙata don kammala aikin watsawa yayin da ake daidaita rarrabuwar launi.Ma'aikatan jika da masu rarraba yawanci ana raba su zuwa masu zuwa
Rukuni biyar:
1. Anionic wetting wakili
2. Cationic wetting wakili
3. Electroneutral, amphoteric wetting wakili
4. Bifunctional, mai ba da wutar lantarki tsaka tsaki wetting wakili
5. Ba-ionic wetting wakili
Na farko nau'ikan wakilan watsawa da watsawa suna iya taka rawar gani da taimakon watsawa iri iri tare da pignrophilic pigns, gefuna, sasanninta, da kuma matsawa zuwa ga daidaituwa na pigment surface, yawanci hydrophobic karshen.Nonionic wetting da dispersing agents suma sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin ƙarshe na hydrophilic, amma ba za su iya samar da haɗin jiki da sinadarai tare da saman pigment ba, amma suna iya haɗawa da ruwan da aka shayar da su a saman ɓangarorin pigment.Wannan ruwa dauri zuwa pigment barbashi surface ne m kuma take kaiwa zuwa wadanda ba ionic sha da desorption.Nagartaccen surfactant a cikin wannan tsarin resin yana da kyauta kuma yana haifar da illa kamar rashin juriyar ruwa.
A wetting wakili da dispersant ya kamata a kara a lokacin pigment watsawa tsari, don tabbatar da cewa sauran surface aiki abubuwa na iya zama a kusa da lamba tare da pigment taka rawa kafin kai saman da pigment barbashi.
Hudu.Takaitawa
Rufi tsari ne mai rikitarwa.A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin, ana ƙara abubuwan ƙarawa a cikin ƙaramin adadin, amma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikinsa.Sabili da haka, lokacin haɓaka kayan shafa mai ƙarfi, wanda ƙari don amfani da adadin su ya kamata a ƙayyade ta hanyar babban adadin maimaita gwaje-gwaje.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-30-2023