Abstract:
Izixube zokunciphisa amanzi zidlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini yesimanje yokwakha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kukakhonkolo kuyilapho kunciphisa umswakama.Njengoba intuthuko esimeme kanye nezindaba zezemvelo ziqhubeka nokunakwa, isidingo sama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi asebenza kahle siye sanda.
ethula:
Izixube ezinciphisa amanzi, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-superplasticizers, seziyinto ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yezokwakha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kukakhonkolo.Lawa ma-agent aklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwengxube yekhonkrithi ngaphandle kokuthinta amandla ayo, ngaleyo ndlela asize ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa.Ukugxila ekwakhiweni okusimeme kuye kwagqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-superplasticizers, okwenza abakhiqizi bahlole izixazululo ezintsha.
Ukubaluleka kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi:
Amanzi ayingxenye ebalulekile yezingxube zikakhonkolo, kodwa okuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene ezifana namandla ancishisiwe, ukwanda kokungena kwamanzi, kanye nezikhathi zokusetha ezinde.Izixube ezinciphisa amanzi zixazulula lezi zinselele ngokunciphisa amanzi ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza okudingekayo kanye nezakhiwo zikakhonkolo.Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumongo wezinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme kanye nesidingo sokuthuthukisa izinsiza.
Izinhlobo zama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi:
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi, okuhlanganisa i-lignosulfonates, i-sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates, nama-polycarboxylate ethers.Uhlobo ngalunye lunezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele futhi ukusebenza kwalo kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi yokwakha.Abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhlukene kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza ama-superplasticizer afanele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza:
A. Lignosulfonate:
Ama-Lignosulfonates atholakala enqubweni yokudonsa izinkuni, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuhilela i-sulfite pulping.Ukwelapha izinkuni ngezinhlanganisela ze-sulfite kubangela ukuthi i-lignin ihlukane nemicu ye-cellulose.I-lignosulfonate ewumphumela ingasebenza njenge-ejenti ephumelelayo yokunciphisa amanzi ngenxa yezindawo zayo zokuhlakazeka.Inqubo yokukhiqiza idinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kokuhlushwa kwe-sulfite nezimo zokusabela ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okufunayo.
b.I-Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate (SNF):
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-superplasticizer ye-SNF kuhilela ukufiphala kwe-naphthalene, i-formaldehyde kanye nama-sulfonating agents.Le nqubo ikhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-sulfonated enezindawo ezihlakazayo kanye ne-plasticizing.Isakhiwo samangqamuzana kanye neziqu ze-sulfonation zinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-SNF superplasticizer.Abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukulawula okunembile phezu kwamapharamitha wokusabela ukuze bathole ibhalansi oyifunayo phakathi kokusebenza namandla.
C. Polycarboxylate ethers (PCE):
I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ye-Perchlorethylene imele uhlobo olusha noluthuthuke kakhulu lwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu.Ukwakhiwa kwe-tetrachlorethylene kuhilela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-acrylic acid namanye ama-monomers, okuholela ku-polymer enesakhiwo esifana nekama.Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sinikeza amandla aphezulu okuhlakazeka ukuze kuncishiswe kakhulu amanzi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza komxube wekhonkrithi.Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-tetrachlorethylene kuhilela amasu ayinkimbinkimbi e-polymerization kanye nokulawula okunembile kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana.
Inqubekelaphambili yezixube zokunciphisa amanzi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu:
A. Nanotechnology Integration:
Eminyakeni yamuva, abacwaningi nabakhiqizi baye bahlola ukuhlanganisa i-nanotechnology kuma-superplasticizers.Ama-Nanoparticles angathuthukisa izakhiwo zokuhlakazeka zalezi zinhlaka, futhi anciphise okuqukethwe kwamanzi.Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezixube zikakhonkolo, kodwa futhi ivula umnyango wokusetshenziswa kwenoveli yezinto ezihlakaniphile neziziphilisayo.
b.Ukwenza ngokwezifiso izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile:
Izixube ezinciphisa amanzi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu manje sezenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, njengokhonkolo ozihlanganisayo (SCC) kanye nokhonkolo osebenza kahle kakhulu (HPC).Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo samangqamuzana alawa ma-reagents enziwe ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukile zamaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuhle nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.
C. Green Chemistry Initiative:
Abakhiqizi baya ngokuya besebenzisa izimiso zamakhemikhali aluhlaza ekukhiqizeni ama-superplasticizers.Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa izinto ezingavuselelekiyo zokusetshenziswa, ukunciphisa ukungcola kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wenqubo yokukhiqiza.Ama-superplasticizer aluhlaza ahambisana nokugcizelela okukhulayo kwemboni ekuzinzeni futhi abambe iqhaza emikhubeni yokwakha enobungani nemvelo.
d.Ukuhambisana Nezinto Zokwenziwa Zesimende Ezengeziwe (SCM):
Ukufakwa kwezinto zikasimende zesibili ezifana nomlotha wempukane kanye ne-slag kuvamile ezenzweni zikakhonkolo ezisimeme.Sakha ama-superplasticizers ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana nalezi zinto, siqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zokuncishiswa kwamanzi azonakaliswa uma kusetshenziswa i-SCM.
Izinselelo namathemba esikhathi esizayo:
Naphezu kwentuthuko enkulu kuma-superplasticizers, izinselele zisekhona.Lokhu kufaka phakathi isidingo sezindlela zokuhlola ezisezingeni, ukubhekana nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona yama-reagents athile ekuqiniseni isikhathi eside, nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezinto ezihlukene zikasimende.Amathemba esikhathi esizayo ama-superplasticizers adinga ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa ukuze kunqotshwe lezi zinselele futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusimama nokusebenza kokwakhiwa okukhonkolo.
Ekuphetheni:
Ukwakhiwa kwama-superplasticizer kuyinkambu eguquguqukayo ehlala ishintsha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sezinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme.Kwethulwa izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ezicindezela imingcele yokusebenza kanye nesibopho semvelo.Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo lwe-nanotechnology, ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza, ukuqaliswa kwe-chemistry eluhlaza, kanye nokuhambisana okuthuthukisiwe nezinto zikasimende zesibili, ikusasa lama-superplasticizers libukeka njengokufaka isandla engqalasizinda eqinile futhi esimeme.Ikusasa liqhakazile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-05-2023