Chidule:
Zosakaniza zochepetsera madzi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri muzomangamanga zamakono, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi ntchito ya konkire pamene kuchepetsa chinyezi.Pamene chitukuko chokhazikika komanso zovuta zachilengedwe zikupitilira kuyang'aniridwa, kufunikira kwa othandizira ochepetsera madzi akukwera kwambiri.
dziwitsani:
Zosakaniza zochepetsera madzi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti superplasticizers, zakhala zofunikira kwambiri pantchito yomanga kuti konkriti igwire bwino ntchito.Othandizirawa adapangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kuyenda kwa konkire osakaniza popanda kusokoneza mphamvu zake, motero amathandizira kuwonjezera ntchito yomanga.Kuyang'ana pa zomangamanga zokhazikika kwachititsa kuti pakhale ma superplasticizers, zomwe zimapangitsa opanga kufufuza njira zatsopano.
Kufunika kochepetsera madzi:
Madzi ndi gawo lofunikira la zosakaniza za konkriti, koma madzi ochulukirapo amatha kubweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana monga kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kuchuluka kwamphamvu, komanso nthawi yayitali yokhazikitsa.Zosakaniza zochepetsera madzi zimathetsa mavutowa mwa kuchepetsa madzi ndikusunga zofunikira zogwirira ntchito komanso katundu wa konkire.Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pokhudzana ndi machitidwe omanga okhazikika komanso kufunika kokonzekera bwino.
Mitundu ya zochepetsera madzi:
Pali mitundu ingapo ya zinthu zochepetsera madzi, kuphatikizapo lignosulfonates, sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates, ndi polycarboxylate ethers.Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi katundu wapadera ndipo mphamvu zake zimadalira zofunikira zenizeni za ntchito yomanga.Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ndi njira zopangira kuti apange ma superplasticizer oyenera ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Njira yopanga:
A. Lignosulfonate:
Lignosulfonates amachokera ku ndondomeko yopangira nkhuni, ndipo kupanga kwawo kumaphatikizapo sulfite pulping.Kuchiza nkhuni ndi mankhwala a sulfite kumapangitsa kuti lignin asiyane ndi ulusi wa cellulose.Zotsatira za lignosulfonate zimatha kukhala zothandiza kuchepetsa madzi chifukwa cha kubalalika kwake.Kupanga kumafuna kuwongolera mosamala kwa ndende ya sulfite ndi momwe zinthu zimachitikira kuti zikwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.
b.Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate (SNF):
Kupanga kwa SNF superplasticizer kumaphatikizapo kutsekemera kwa naphthalene, formaldehyde ndi sulfonating agents.Izi zimapanga mankhwala a sulfonated okhala ndi katundu wobalalitsa komanso wapulasitiki.Mapangidwe a mamolekyu ndi digiri ya sulfonant amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a SNF superplasticizer.Opanga amakhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera zomwe zimachitika kuti akwaniritse bwino pakati pa kuthekera kogwira ntchito ndi mphamvu.
C. Polycarboxylate ethers (PCE):
Perchlorethylene yochepetsera madzi imayimira mtundu watsopano komanso wapamwamba kwambiri wochepetsera madzi.Kupanga kwa tetrachlorethylene kumaphatikizapo copolymerization ya acrylic acid ndi ma monomers ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale polima yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati chisa.Kapangidwe kapadera kameneka kamapereka mphamvu zobalalika zapamwamba kwambiri kuti zichepetse kwambiri madzi popanda kukhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kusakaniza konkire.Kaphatikizidwe ka tetrachlorethylene kumaphatikizapo njira zovuta zopangira ma polymerization ndikuwongolera moyenera kapangidwe ka maselo.
Kupita patsogolo kwa zosakaniza zochepetsera madzi zogwira mtima kwambiri:
A. Nanotechnology Integration:
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza ndi opanga adafufuza kuphatikiza nanotechnology mu superplasticizers.Nanoparticles amatha kupititsa patsogolo kupezeka kwa zinthu izi, kumachepetsanso madzi.Njira imeneyi sikuti imangowonjezera mphamvu ya zosakaniza za konkire, komanso imatsegula chitseko cha ntchito zatsopano za zipangizo zanzeru komanso zodzichiritsa.
b.Kusintha mwamakonda kwa mapulogalamu apadera:
Zosakaniza zochepetsera madzi zochepetsetsa kwambiri tsopano zikusinthidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera, monga konkire yodzipangira yokha (SCC) ndi konkire yapamwamba (HPC).Kapangidwe kakemidwe ndi mamolekyu a ma reagentswa amasinthidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera zama projekiti osiyanasiyana, kuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu.
C. Green Chemistry Initiative:
Opanga akuchulukirachulukira kutengera mfundo za chemistry yobiriwira popanga ma superplasticizers.Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zongowonjezedwanso, kuchepetsa zinyalala komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe pakupanga zinthu.Ma superplasticizer obiriwira amagwirizana ndi kulimbikira kwamakampani pakukula kokhazikika komanso kumathandizira kuti pakhale njira zomanga zomwe sizingawononge chilengedwe.
d.Kugwirizana ndi Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM):
Kuphatikizika kwa zida zachiwiri za simenti monga phulusa la ntchentche ndi slag ndizofala muzochita zokhazikika za konkriti.Tikupanga ma superplasticizers kuti apititse patsogolo kugwirizana ndi zidazi, kuwonetsetsa kuti zabwino zochepetsera madzi sizikusokonezedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito SCM.
Mavuto ndi ziyembekezo zamtsogolo:
Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa superplasticizers, zovuta zidakalipo.Izi zikuphatikiza kufunikira kwa njira zoyezera zofananira, kuthana ndi zotsatirapo za ma reagents ena pakukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwirizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana za simenti.Zoyembekeza zamtsogolo za ma superplasticizers zimafunikira kupitiliza kufufuza ndi chitukuko kuti athe kuthana ndi zovutazi ndikupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika ndi ntchito yomanga konkriti.
Pomaliza:
Kupanga ma superplasticizers ndi gawo lamphamvu lomwe likusintha mosalekeza kuti likwaniritse kufunikira kwa njira zomanga zokhazikika.Kukhazikitsa mayankho apamwamba omwe amakankhira malire a magwiridwe antchito ndi udindo wa chilengedwe.Ndi kafukufuku wopitilira mu nanotechnology, kusintha makonda kwa ntchito zinazake, zoyambira zobiriwira za chemistry, komanso kugwirizanitsa bwino ndi zida zachiwiri za simenti, tsogolo la ma superplasticizers limawoneka ngati pothandizira kuti pakhale chitukuko chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika.Tsogolo lili lowala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-05-2023