Focus on Cellulose ethers
English

Iyini i-Tio2?

Iyini i-Tio2?

I-TiO2, evame ukufushaniswa ukusukaI-Titanium dioxide, iyinhlanganisela eguquguqukayo enezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene.Le nto, eyakhiwe ngama-athomu e-titanium nama-oxygen, inokubaluleka ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlukahlukene.Kulokhu kuhlola okuphelele, sizocubungula isakhiwo, izakhiwo, izindlela zokukhiqiza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo, namathemba esikhathi esizayo e-titanium dioxide.

I-Titanium Dioxide yeBanga Lokudla: Izakhiwo, Izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye Nokucatshangelwa Kokuphepha Isingeniso: I-Titanium dioxide (TiO2) iyiminerali eyenzeka ngokwemvelo esetshenziswe kabanzi njengebala elimhlophe ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene ngenxa yokufiphala kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokukhanya.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-titanium dioxide nayo iye yangena embonini yokudla njengesengezo sokudla, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-titanium dioxide esezingeni lokudla.Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izakhiwo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha, nezici zokulawula ze-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla.Izakhiwo Zebanga Lokudla Le-Titanium Dioxide: I-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla yabelana ngezakhiwo eziningi nozakwabo wezimboni, kodwa ngokucatshangelwa okuqondile kokuphepha kokudla.Ivamise ukubakhona ngendlela yempushana emhlophe, futhi yaziwa ngenkomba yayo ephezulu yokucwebezela, eyinikeza ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu nokukhanya.Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla ulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlakazeka okufanayo kanye nomthelela omncane ekuthungeni noma ekunambithekeni kwemikhiqizo yokudla.Ukwengeza, i-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla ivamise ukuba ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokuhlanza ngokuqinile ukuze kususwe ukungcola nokungcola, iqinisekise ukufaneleka kwayo ukusetshenziswa lapho kufakwa ukudla.Izindlela Zokukhiqiza: I-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla ingakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zemvelo nezokwenziwa.I-titanium dioxide yemvelo itholakala kumadiphozithi amaminerali, njenge-rutile ne-ilmenite, ngezinqubo ezifana nokukhipha nokuhlanzwa.I-synthetic titanium dioxide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhiqizwa ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali, ngokuvamile ezibandakanya ukusabela kwe-titanium tetrachloride nomoya-mpilo noma i-sulphur dioxide emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokukhiqiza, izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka kanye nezokuphepha.Izicelo Embonini Yokudla: I-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla isebenza ngokuyinhloko njenge-ejenti emhlophe ne-opacifier emikhiqizweni eminingi yokudla.Ivame ukusetshenziswa kumaconfectionery, ubisi, izimpahla ezibhakwayo, nezinye izigaba zokudla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka nokubukeka kwezinto zokudla.Isibonelo, i-titanium dioxide yengezwa kumaswidi ukuze kutholakale imibala egqamile kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi efana neyogathi no-ayisikhilimu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufiphala nokucwenga kwazo.Ezimpahleni ezibhakwayo, i-titanium dioxide isiza ukudala ukubukeka okugqamile, okufanayo emikhiqizweni efana nesithwathwa nezixube zamakhekhe.Isimo Sokulawula Nokucatshangelwa Kokuphepha: Ukuphepha kwe-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla kuyindaba yenkulumompikiswano eqhubekayo kanye nokuhlolwa kokulawula.Ama-ejensi alawulayo emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa iFood and Drug Administration (FDA) e-United States kanye ne-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) eYurophu, ahlole ukuphepha kwe-titanium dioxide njengesithako sokudla.Nakuba i-titanium dioxide ngokuvamile ibonwa njengephephile (i-GRAS) uma isetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile, kuphakanyiswe ukukhathazeka mayelana nezingozi zezempilo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwayo, ikakhulukazi kufomu le-nanoparticle.Imiphumela Yezempilo Engaba Khona: Ucwaningo luye lwasikisela ukuthi i-titanium dioxide nanoparticles, engaphansi kwama-nanometer angu-100 ngosayizi, ingase ibe namandla okungena emigoqweni yezinto eziphilayo futhi inqwabelane ezicutshini, iphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwayo.Ucwaningo lwezilwane lubonise ukuthi imithamo ephezulu ye-titanium dioxide nanoparticles ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi esibindini, ezinso, nakwezinye izitho.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobufakazi bokuthi i-titanium dioxide nanoparticles ingase ibangele ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative nokuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana, okungase kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezifo ezingapheli.Amasu Okunciphisa Nezinye izindlela: Ukuze kubhekwane nokukhathazeka mayelana nokuphepha kwe-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla, imizamo iyaqhubeka yokuthuthukisa ezinye izinto ezibenza babe mhlophe nama-opacifiers angazuza imiphumela efanayo ngaphandle kwezingozi ezingaba khona zezempilo.Abanye abakhiqizi bahlola ezinye izindlela zemvelo, njenge-calcium carbonate nesitashi serayisi, njengokuthatha indawo ye-titanium dioxide ezinhlelweni ezithile zokudla.Ukwengeza, intuthuko ku-nanotechnology kanye nobunjiniyela bezinhlayiyana ingase inikeze amathuba okunciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene ne-titanium dioxide nanoparticles ngokwakhiwa kwezinhlayiyana okuthuthukisiwe nokuguqulwa kwendawo.Ukuqwashisa Umthengi Nokulebula: Ukulebula okusobala kanye nokufundisa abathengi kubalulekile ekwaziseni abathengi mayelana nokuba khona kwezithasiselo zokudla njenge-titanium dioxide emikhiqizweni yokudla.Ukulebula okucacile nokunembile kungasiza abathengi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bagweme imikhiqizo equkethe izithasiselo abangase babe nezinto ezizwelayo noma ezibakhathazayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqwashisa okwengeziwe ngezithasiselo zokudla kanye nemithelela yazo yezempilo engaba khona kunganika amandla abathengi ukuthi bamele uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokudla oluphephile futhi olusobala.I-Outlook yesikhathi esizayo kanye Neziqondiso Zocwaningo: Ikusasa le-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla lincike emizamweni yocwaningo eqhubekayo yokuqonda kangcono iphrofayili yayo yokuphepha kanye nemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona.Intuthuko eqhubekayo ku-nanotoxicology, ukuhlolwa kokuchayeka, nokuhlola ubungozi kuzobaluleka ekwaziseni ukuthathwa kwezinqumo ezilawulayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwe-titanium dioxide ekufakweni kokudla.Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwama-ejenti amhlophe amhlophe kanye nama-opacifiers anesithembiso sokubhekana nokukhathazeka kwabathengi kanye nokushayela okusha embonini yokudla.Isiphetho: I-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yokudla njenge-ejenti emhlophe ne-opacifier, ithuthukisa ukubukeka nokuthungwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yokudla.Kodwa-ke, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwayo, ikakhulukazi ngendlela ye-nanoparticle, kubangele ukucutshungulwa kokulawula kanye nemizamo yocwaningo eqhubekayo.Njengoba siqhubeka nokuhlola ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla, kubalulekile ukubeka eqhulwini ukuphepha kwabathengi, ukungafihli lutho, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kokudla.

Isakhiwo Nokubunjwa

I-Titanium dioxide inefomula yamakhemikhali elula: i-TiO2.Isakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana sihlanganisa i-athomu ye-titanium eyodwa ehlanganiswe nama-athomu amabili omoya-mpilo, enze i-crystalline lattice ezinzile.Inhlanganisela ikhona kuma-polymorphs amaningana, ngezindlela ezivame kakhulu i-rutile, i-anatase, ne-brookite.Lawa ma-polymorphs abonisa izakhiwo zekristalu ezihlukene, okuholela ekuhlukeni kwezakhiwo zabo kanye nokusebenza.

I-Rutile iwuhlobo oluzinzile kakhulu lwe-thermodynamically lwe-titanium dioxide futhi lubonakala ngenkomba yayo ephezulu ye-refractive ne-opacity.I-Anatase, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyakwazi ukumetastable kodwa inomsebenzi we-photocatalytic ophezulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-rutile.I-Brookite, nakuba ingajwayelekile kangako, yabelana ngokufana nakho kokubili i-rutile ne-anatase.

Izakhiwo

I-Titanium dioxide inenqwaba yezinto ezimangalisayo eziyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini eziningi:

  1. Ubumhlophe: I-Titanium dioxide idume ngokuba mhlophe kwayo okungavamile, okuvela enkombeni yayo ephezulu yokugqamisa.Lesi sakhiwo sisenza sikwazi ukusabalalisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okuholela kumibala emhlophe ekhanyayo.
  2. I-Opacity: Ukungafihli kwayo kuvela ekhonweni layo lokumunca nokusabalalisa ukukhanya ngempumelelo.Lesi sakhiwo sikwenza kube yisinqumo esikhethwayo sokunikeza ukukhanya nokumbozwa ngopende, okokunamathela, namapulasitiki.
  3. Ukumuncwa kwe-UV: I-Titanium dioxide ikhombisa izinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuvinjwa kwe-UV, okuyenza ibe isithako esibalulekile kumakhilogremu elanga kanye nezingubo ezimelana ne-UV.Imunca ngokuphumelelayo imisebe ye-UV eyingozi, ivikela izinto ezingaphansi ekonakalisweni nasekulimaleni okubangelwa yi-UV.
  4. Ukuzinza Kwamakhemikhali: I-TiO2 ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali futhi imelana namakhemikhali amaningi, ama-asidi, nama-alkali.Lokhu kuzinza kuqinisekisa ukuphila kwayo isikhathi eside nokuqina ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene.
  5. Umsebenzi we-Photocatalytic: Izinhlobo ezithile ze-titanium dioxide, ikakhulukazi i-anatase, zibonisa umsebenzi we-photocatalytic lapho zivezwe ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet (UV).Lesi sakhiwo sisetshenziselwa ukulungisa imvelo, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, kanye nezingubo zokuzihlanza.

Izindlela Zokukhiqiza

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-titanium dioxide ngokuvamile kuhilela izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: inqubo ye-sulfate kanye nenqubo ye-chloride.

  1. Inqubo ye-Sulfate: Le ndlela ihilela ukuguqulwa kwensimbi ene-titanium, njenge-ilmenite noma i-rutile, ibe i-titanium dioxide pigment.I-ore iqala ukuphathwa nge-sulfuric acid ukuze ikhiqize isisombululo se-titanium sulfate, esibe se-hydrolyzed ukuze senze i-hydrated titanium dioxide precipitate.Ngemuva kokubala, i-precipitate iguqulwa ibe i-pigment yokugcina.
  2. Inqubo Ye-Chloride: Kule nqubo, i-titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) iphendulwa ngomoya-mpilo noma umhwamuko wamanzi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze yakhe izinhlayiya ze-titanium dioxide.I-pigment ewumphumela ngokuvamile ihlanzekile futhi inezinto zokubona ezingcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo ye-sulfate-derived titanium dioxide.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza

I-Titanium dioxide ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziguquguqukayo:

  1. Opende Nezimbozwe: I-Titanium dioxide iwumbala omhlophe osetshenziswa kakhulu kumapende, ezingxenyeni ezinamathelayo, nasezihlotsheni zezakhiwo ngenxa yokufiphala kwayo, ukukhanya, nokuqina.
  2. Ipulasitiki: Ifakwe emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yepulasitiki, okuhlanganisa i-PVC, i-polyethylene, ne-polypropylene, ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya, ukumelana ne-UV, nokuba mhlophe.
  3. Izimonyo: I-TiO2 iyisithako esivamile kuzimonyo, emikhiqizweni ye-skincare, kanye nokwakhiwa kokuvikela ilanga ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezivimbela i-UV kanye nemvelo engenabo ubuthi.
  4. Ukudla Nemithi: Isebenza njengebala elimhlophe ne-opacifier emikhiqizweni yokudla, amaphilisi emithi, namaphilisi.I-titanium dioxide yezinga lokudla ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa emazweni amaningi, nakuba kukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwayo kanye nezingozi zempilo ezingaba khona.
  5. I-Photocatalysis: Izinhlobo ezithile ze-titanium dioxide zisetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwe-photocatalytic, njengokuhlanzwa komoya namanzi, izindawo ezizihlanzayo, kanye nokucekelwa phansi okungcolisayo.
  6. I-Ceramics: Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-ceramic glaze, amathayili, ne-porcelain ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhanya nokumhlophe.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo

Nakuba i-titanium dioxide inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwemvelo:

  1. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-titanium dioxide ngokuvamile kudinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokufakwa kwamandla okubalulekile, okunomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
  2. Ukukhiqiza Udoti: Kokubili izinqubo ze-sulfate ne-chloride zikhiqiza imikhiqizo ephuma ngaphandle kanye nemifudlana yemfucuza, okungenzeka iqukethe ukungcola futhi idinga ukulahlwa okufanele noma ukwelashwa ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
  3. I-Nanoparticles: Izinhlayiya ze-Nanoscale titanium dioxide, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwelanga nasezinhlelweni zokwenziwa, ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nobuthi obungaba khona kanye nokuphikelela kwemvelo.Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi lawa ma-nanoparticles angase abangele ubungozi kuzinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kanye nempilo yabantu uma ekhishelwa endaweni ezungezile.
  4. Ukwengamela Okulawulayo: Izikhungo ezilawulayo emhlabeni wonke, njenge-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kanye ne-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), ziqapha ngokucophelela ukukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa, nokuphepha kwe-titanium dioxide ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezingaba khona futhi ziqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yemvelo nempilo. .

Amathemba Ekusasa

Njengoba umphakathi uqhubeka nokubeka phambili ukusimama nokuphathwa kwemvelo, ikusasa le-titanium dioxide lincike ekusungulweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe:

  1. Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza Okuluhlaza: Imizamo yocwaningo igxile ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokukhiqiza ezizinzile neziwonga amandla ze-titanium dioxide, njengezinqubo ze-photocatalytic kanye ne-electrochemical.
  2. I-Nanostructured Materials: Intuthuko ku-nanotechnology inika amandla ukuklama nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokwakha ze-titanium dioxide ezinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zokusetshenziswa kokugcinwa kwamandla, i-catalysis, kanye nobunjiniyela be-biomedical.
  3. Izindlela Ezihlukile Ezingaboli: Ukwakhiwa kwezinye izindlela ezibolayo nezingavumelani nemvelo esikhundleni sombala ojwayelekile we-titanium dioxide kuyaqhubeka, kuhloswe ukunciphisa umthelela wendawo futhi kubhekwane nokukhathazeka okuzungezile ubuthi be-nanoparticle.
  4. Izinyathelo Zomnotho Eziyindilinga: Ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwezimiso zomnotho eziyindilinga, okuhlanganisa ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwemfucuza, kunganciphisa ukuncipha kwensiza futhi kunciphise umkhondo wemvelo wokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-titanium dioxide.
  5. Ukuthobela Umthetho Nokuphepha: Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo emiphumeleni yezemvelo nempilo ye-titanium dioxide nanoparticles, kuhambisana nokuqondisa okuqinile kokulawula, kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokunesibopho kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene.

Sengiphetha, i-titanium dioxide ime njengenhlanganisela enezici eziningi nenqwaba yezicelo nemithelela.Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele, ezihambisana nocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokusungula izinto ezintsha, zithembisa ukulolonga indima yazo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene kuyilapho kubhekwana nokukhathazeka kwemvelo futhi kugqugquzelwa izinqubo ezizinzile zesikhathi esizayo.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-02-2024
Ingxoxo ye-WhatsApp Online!