Iimpawu, ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwishishini

Iindidi, iindlela zokulungiselela, iipropati kunye neempawu ze-cellulose ether zahlaziywa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwi-petroleum, ukwakhiwa, ukwenza iphepha, i-textile, iyeza, ukutya, izinto ze-photoelectric kunye neshishini lemichiza yemihla ngemihla.Ezinye iintlobo ezintsha ze-cellulose ether derivatives ezinethemba lophuhliso ziye zaziswa kwaye amathuba okusetyenziswa kwazo aye aqhubeleka.

Amagama angundoqo:i-cellulose ether;Ukusebenza;Isicelo;I-cellulose derivatives

I-Cellulose luhlobo lwe-polymer compound yendalo.Ubume bayo beekhemikhali yi-polysaccharide macromolecule ene-anhydrous β-glucose njengendandatho yesiseko, kunye neqela elinye eliphambili le-hydroxyl kunye namaqela amabini e-hydroxyl yesibini kwindandatho nganye yesiseko.Ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali, uchungechunge lwe-cellulose derivatives lunokufumaneka, i-cellulose ether enye yazo.I-ether ye-cellulose ifunyenwe ngokusabela kwe-cellulose kunye ne-NaOH, kwaye emva koko i-etherize kunye ne-monomers eyahlukeneyo esebenzayo njenge-methane chloride, i-ethylene oxide, i-propylene oxide, njl., ngokuhlamba ityuwa yemveliso kunye ne-sodium cellulose.I-ether ye-cellulose i-derivative ebalulekileyo ye-cellulose, ingasetyenziselwa ngokubanzi amayeza kunye nempilo, imichiza yemihla ngemihla, iphepha, ukutya, amayeza, ukwakhiwa, izinto kunye namanye amashishini.Ke ngoko, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kunokubaluleka okulungileyo kusetyenziso olubanzi lwemithombo ye-biomass ehlaziyiweyo, ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha.

1. Ukuhlelwa kunye nokulungiswa kwe-cellulose ether

Ulwahlulo lwe-cellulose ethers luhlulwe ngokubanzi ngokweendidi ezine ngokweempawu zazo ze-ionic.

1.1 I-Nonionic cellulose ether

Non-ionic cellulose ether ubukhulu becala cellulose alkyl ether, indlela yokulungiselela yi cellulose kunye nokusabela NaOH, kwaye ke ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo monomers ezisebenzayo ezifana methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide etherification reaction, kwaye emva koko ngokuhlamba imveliso. ityuwa kunye ne-sodium cellulose ukufumana.Eyona methyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl cellulose ether, hydroxybutyl cellulose ether.Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubanzi kakhulu.

1.2 I-Anionic cellulose ether

IAnionic cellulose ether ikakhulu yicarboxymethyl cellulose sodium, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sodium.Indlela yokulungiselela yi-reaction ye-cellulose kunye ne-NaOH, kwaye emva koko i-etherify nge-monochloroacetic acid okanye i-ethylene oxide, i-propylene oxide, kwaye emva koko uhlambe ityuwa yemveliso kunye ne-sodium cellulose ukufumana.

1.3 i-cationic cellulose ether

I-Cationic cellulose ether ikakhulu yi-3 – chlorine – 2 – hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cellulose ether.Indlela yokulungiselela yi-reaction ye-cellulose kunye ne-NaOH, kwaye ke i-agent etherifying ye-cationic 3 - i-chlorine - i-2 - i-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride okanye i-ethylene oxide, i-propylene oxide kunye ne-reaction etherifying, kwaye emva koko ngokuhlamba imveliso yetyuwa kunye nesodium. icellulose ukufumana.

1.4 I-Zwitterionic cellulose ether

I-Zwitterionic cellulose ether inamaqela anionic kunye namaqela e-cationic kwikhonkco le-molecular, indlela yokulungiselela yi-cellulose kunye ne-NaOH reaction, kwaye emva koko nge-chloroacetic acid kunye ne-cationic etherifying agent 3 - i-chlorine - i-2 hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride etherification reaction, kwaye emva koko ihlanjwe. ngemveliso yetyuwa kunye ne-sodium cellulose kwaye ifunyenwe.

2.iipropati kunye neempawu ze-cellulose ether

2.1 Iimpawu zenkangeleko

I-Cellulose ether imhlophe okanye i-milky emhlophe, ayinancasa, ayinayo ityhefu, kunye ne-fluidity ye-fibrous powder, kulula ukufunxa ukufuma, inyibilikiswa emanzini ibe yi-colloid ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.

2.2 Ukwenziwa kwefilimu kunye nokunamathela

I-etherification ye-cellulose ether inempembelelo enkulu kwiipropati zayo, ezifana nokunyibilika, ukukwazi ukwenza ifilimu, amandla ebhondi kunye nokunyamezela ityuwa.I-ether ye-cellulose inamandla amakhulu omatshini, ukuguquguquka, ukuxhathisa ukushisa kunye nokuchasana nokubanda, kwaye ihambelana kakuhle neentlobo zentlaka kunye ne-plasticizers, ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iiplastiki, iifilimu, i-varnishes, i-adhesives, i-latex kunye nezixhobo zokugubungela amayeza.

2.3 Ukunyibilika

I-Methyl cellulose inyibilika emanzini abandayo, ayinyibiliki emanzini ashushu, kodwa ikwanyibilika kwezinye izinyibilikisi zendalo;I-Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose enyibilikayo emanzini abandayo, ayinyibiliki emanzini ashushu kunye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo.Kodwa xa isisombululo se-aqueous se-methyl cellulose kunye ne-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sishushu, i-methyl cellulose kunye ne-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ziya kuphuma ngokukhawuleza.I-Methyl cellulose ingqinwe kwi-45 ~ 60 ℃, ngelixa i-etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ixutywe kwi-65 ~ 80℃.Xa iqondo lobushushu lihla, i-precipitates iphinda ichithe.

I-sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose kunye ne-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose zinyibilika emanzini nakweliphi na iqondo lobushushu, kodwa azinyibiliki kwizinyibilikisi zendalo (ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa).

2.4 Ukujiya

I-ether ye-cellulose inyibilika emanzini kwifom ye-colloidal, kwaye i-viscosity yayo ixhomekeke kwinqanaba le-polymerization ye-cellulose ether.Isisombululo siqulethe i-macromolecules ye-hydration.Ngenxa yokuxinana kwama-macromolecules, ukuziphatha okuhambayo kwesisombululo kuyahluka kwi-Newtonian fluids, kodwa kubonisa indlela yokuziphatha eyahluka ngokutshintsha kwamandla okucheba.Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-macromolecular ye-cellulose ether, i-viscosity yesisombululo ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngokugxila okukhulayo kwaye iyancipha ngokukhawuleza ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa.

2.5 Ukuthotywa

I-ether ye-cellulose isetyenziswe kwisigaba samanzi.Ngethuba nje amanzi ekhona, iibhaktheriya ziya kukhula.Ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kukhokelela ekuvelisweni kweebhaktheriya ze-enzyme.Ibhaktiriya ye-enzyme yenze iyunithi ye-glucose ye-dihydrate engafakwanga ibhondi esecaleni kwekhefu le-cellulose ether kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli bepolymer behlile.Ngoko ke, ukuba isisombululo samanzi se-cellulose ether siya kugcinwa ixesha elide, i-preservative kufuneka ifakwe kuyo, nokuba i-antibacterial cellulose ether isetyenziswa.

3.ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kwishishini

3.1 Ishishini lePetroleum

I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuxhatshazweni kwepetroleum.Isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kodaka ukwandisa i-viscosity kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi.Iyakwazi ukuxhathisa ukungcoliseka kwetyuwa enyibilikayo kwaye iphucule izinga lokubuyisela ioyile.

I-sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose kunye ne-sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose luhlobo lwe-arhente yokucoca udaka olungcono kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezigqityiweyo zolwelo, izinga eliphezulu lokutyhala, ukuxhathisa ityuwa, ukumelana ne-calcium, isakhono esihle se-viscosification, ukumelana nobushushu (160 ℃).Kufanelekile ukulungiselela amanzi amatsha, amanzi olwandle kunye netyuwa ehluthayo yokwemba ulwelo, phantsi kobunzima bekhalsiyam chloride inokuxutywa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zoxinaniso (103 ~ 1279 / cm3) ulwelo lokomba, kwaye luyenze ibe ne-viscosity ethile kunye nokuhluzwa okuphantsi. umthamo, i-viscosity yayo kunye nomthamo wokuhluza ungcono kune-hydroxyethyl cellulose, izongezo ezilungileyo zemveliso yeoli.I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yokuxhaphaza i-petroleum ye-cellulose derivatives, kwi-drilling fluid, i-cementing fluid, i-fracturing fluid kunye nokuphucula imveliso ye-oyile isetyenziswa, ngakumbi ekusetyenzisweni kolwelo lokomba kukhulu, eyona nto iphambili yokuthatha kunye nokuhlalisa i-filtration kunye ne-viscosification.

I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokomba, ukugqitywa kunye nokufakwa kwesamente njengento yokuqinisa udaka.Ngenxa yokuba i-hydroxyethyl cellulose kunye ne-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, i-guar gum xa kuthelekiswa nesiphumo esihle sokuqina, isanti yokunqunyanyiswa, umxholo wetyuwa ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obulungileyo, kunye nokuchasana okuncinci, ukulahleka okuncinci kolwelo, ibhloko yerabha eyaphukileyo, iimpawu ezishiyekileyo, zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

3.2 Ishishini lokwakha kunye nokugquma

Umxube wesakhiwo sokwakha kunye nokutyabeka: i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokubambisa, i-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-thickener kunye ne-binder, ingasetyenziswa njenge-gypsum ephantsi kunye ne-samente ephantsi, i-mortar kunye ne-dispersant yomgangatho womhlaba, i-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-thickener.Luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-masonry kunye ne-plastering mortar admixture kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi ezifakwe emoyeni ezenziwe nge-carboxymethyl cellulose, ezinokuphucula ukusebenza, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kodaka kwaye uthintele ukuqhekeka kunye nomngxuma wodonga lwebhloko.

Izinto zokuhombisa umphezulu wokwakha: I-Cao Mingqian kunye nezinye i-methyl cellulose ezenziwe ngohlobo lwezixhobo zokuhombisa ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ilula, icocekile, ingasetyenziselwa udonga oluphezulu, umgangatho wethayile wamatye, ingasetyenziselwa ikholamu. , umhlobiso womphezulu wethebhulethi.I-Huang Jianping eyenziwe nge-carboxymethyl cellulose luhlobo lwe-ceramic tile sealant, enegunya eliqinileyo lokudibanisa, ikhono lokuguqula kakuhle, alivelisi iintanda kunye nokuwa, umphumo omuhle ongenamanzi, umbala oqaqambileyo kunye nombala, kunye nesiphumo esihle sokuhombisa.

Isicelo kwiingubo: I-Methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ingasetyenziselwa njenge-stabilizer, i-thickener kunye ne-agent yokugcina amanzi kwi-latex coatings, ngaphezu koko, ingasetyenziselwa njenge-dispersant, i-viscosifier kunye ne-agent yokwenza ifilimu kwiingubo ze-samente ezinemibala.Ukongeza i-cellulose ether kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kunye ne-viscosity kwipeyinti ye-latex kunokuphucula ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwepeyinti ye-latex, ukukhusela i-spatter, ukuphucula ukuzinza kokugcinwa kunye namandla okugubungela.Intsimi yabathengi ephambili ngaphandle kweengubo ze-latex, ngoko ke, iimveliso ze-cellulose ether zihlala zikhethwa kuqala kwi-latex yepeyinti yepeyinti.Umzekelo, i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether elungisiweyo inokugcina indawo ehamba phambili kwi-thickener yepeyinti ye-latex ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezilungileyo ezibanzi.Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yokuba i-ether ye-cellulose ineempawu ezizodwa zejeli kunye nokunyibilika, ukuxhathisa ityuwa, ukumelana nobushushu, kwaye inomsebenzi ofanelekileyo womphezulu, ingasetyenziselwa njenge-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-agent yokumiswa, i-emulsifier, i-agent eyenza ifilimu, i-lubricant, i-binder kunye nokulungiswa kwe-rheological. .

3.3 Ushishino lwamaPhepha

Izongezo ezimanzi zephepha: I-CMC ingasetyenziswa njenge-fiber dispersant kunye nesiphuculi sephepha, inokongezwa kwi-pulp, kuba i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose kunye ne-pulp kunye namasuntswana okupakisha anentlawulo efanayo, inokunyusa ukulingana kwefayibha, iphucule amandla e-fiber. iphepha.Njengomxhasi wongeziweyo ngaphakathi kwephepha, kwandisa intsebenziswano yebhondi phakathi kweentsinga, kwaye inokuphucula amandla okuqina, ukuxhathisa ikhefu, ukulingana kwephepha kunye nezinye izalathisi zomzimba.I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ingasetyenziswa njenge-agent yokulinganisa kwipulp.Ukongeza kwidigri yayo yokulinganisa, inokuphinda isetyenziswe njengearhente ekhuselayo yerosin, AKD kunye nezinye iiarhente zokulinganisa.I-Cationic cellulose ether ingasetyenziselwa njengesihluzo sokuncedisa ukugcinwa kwephepha, ukuphucula izinga lokugcinwa kwefiber ecocekileyo kunye nokuzalisa, ingasetyenziselwa ukuqiniswa kwephepha.

Ukuncamathelisa ukutyabeka: Isetyenziselwa ukutyabeka processing iphepha ukutyabeka ancamathelise, ingathatha itshizi, inxalenye latex, ukuze inki yoshicilelo lula ukungena, edge ecacileyo.Isenokusetyenziswa njenge-pigment dispersant, i-viscosifier kunye ne-stabilizer.

Iarhente yokulinganisa umphezulu: Iselulosi yeSodium carboxymethyl ingasetyenziswa njengearhente yokulinganisa umphezulu wephepha, iphucula ukomelela komphezulu wephepha, xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwangoku kotywala bepolyvinyl, istatshi esilungisiweyo emva kokuba amandla omphezulu anganyuswa malunga ne-10%, umthamo uyancitshiswa. malunga nama-30%.Yiarhente ethembisayo yokulinganisa umphezulu wokwenza iphepha, kwaye uluhlu lwayo lweentlobo ezintsha kufuneka luphuhliswe ngokukhutheleyo.I-Cationic cellulose ether inomgangatho ongcono wokusebenza kwesitatshi kunesitatshi se-cationic, ayinokuphucula kuphela ukomelela kwephepha, kodwa inokuphucula ukufunxwa kwe-inki yephepha, inyuse isiphumo sokudaya, ikwayi-arhente yokulinganisa umphezulu othembisayo.

3.4 Ishishini leempahla ezilukiweyo

Kushishino lwamalaphu, i-cellulose ether ingasetyenziswa njenge-agent yokulinganisa, i-agent yokulinganisa kunye ne-ejenti yokuqina kwipulp ye-textile.

I-agent yokulinganisa: i-cellulose ether efana ne-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether kunye nezinye iindidi zingasetyenziswa njenge-agent yokulinganisa, kwaye akukho lula ukuwohloka kunye nokubumba, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya, ngaphandle kokulahla, ukukhuthaza idayi kunokufumana iyunifomu. colloid emanzini.

I-ejenti yomgangatho: inokuphucula amandla e-hydrophilic kunye ne-osmotic yedayi, kuba utshintsho lwe-viscosity luncinci, kulula ukulungisa umehluko wombala;I-Cationic cellulose ether nayo inokudaya kunye nemibala.

I-agent etyebisayo: i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, i-hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether ingasetyenziselwa ukuprinta kunye nokudaya i-ejenti yokuqina kwe-slurry, kunye nentsalela encinci, iimpawu zombala ophezulu, iklasi yezongezo ze-textile ezinokubakho.

3.5 Ishishini lemichiza yasekhaya

I-viscosifier ezinzileyo: I-sodium methylcellulose kumgubo oqinileyo weemveliso zokuncamathelisa izinto zidlala uzinzo lokumiswa kwe-dispersion, kwi-liquid okanye i-emulsion cosmetics ukujiya, ukusasaza, i-homogenizing kunye nezinye iindima.Ingasetyenziswa njenge-stabilizer kunye ne-viscosifier.

I-Emulsifying stabilizer: yenza i-ointment, i-emulsifier ye-shampoo, i-ejenti yokuqina kunye nokuzinza.I-sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ingasetyenziselwa njenge-toothpaste adhesive stabilizer, eneempawu ezintle ze-thixotropic, ukwenzela ukuba i-toothpaste ibe nokubunjwa kakuhle, ukuguqulwa kwexesha elide, ukufana okufanayo kunye nencasa ethambileyo.I-sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ukumelana netyuwa, ukuxhathisa kwe-asidi kuphezulu, umphumo ungcono kakhulu kune-carboxymethyl cellulose, ingasetyenziselwa njenge-detergent kwi-viscosifier, i-arhente yokuthintela ukungcola.

I-Dispersion thickener: Kwimveliso ye-detergent, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose njenge-detergent detergent dirt dispersant, i-detergent thickener kunye ne-dipersant.

3.6 Amashishini amayeza kunye nokutya

Kumashishini amayeza, i-hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ingasetyenziselwa njengezinto ezincedisa iziyobisi, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-skeleton yomlomo yomlomo elawulwayo kunye nokukhululwa kwamalungiselelo okukhululwa, njengento yokukhutshwa kwezixhobo zokulawula ukukhutshwa kwamachiza, njengento yokugubungela i-ejenti yokukhululwa eqhubekayo, i-pellets yokukhululwa okuqhubekayo. , ii-capsules zokukhululwa okuqhubekayo.Eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu yi-methyl carboxymethyl cellulose, i-ethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, efana ne-MC isoloko isetyenziswa ekwenzeni iipilisi kunye ne-capsules, okanye iipilisi ezigqunywe ngeswekile.

Umgangatho womgangatho we-ether ye-cellulose unokusetyenziswa kwishishini lokutya, kwiindidi zokutya yi-agent esebenzayo yokuqina, i-emulsifier, i-stabilizer, i-excipient, i-agent yokugcina amanzi kunye ne-agent ye-foam esebenzayo.I-Methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ziye zaqatshelwa njengezinto ezingenabungozi ze-metabolic inert.Ukucoceka okuphezulu (i-99.5% okanye ukucoceka okungaphezulu) i-carboxymethyl cellulose inokongezwa kukutya, njengobisi kunye nemveliso ye-cream, i-condiments, i-jam, i-jelly, i-cans, i-syrups yetafile kunye neziselo.Ubunyulu obungaphezulu kwe-90% ye-carboxymethyl cellulose ingasetyenziselwa kwimiba enxulumene nokutya, njengoko isetyenziswa ekuthuthweni nasekugcinweni kweziqhamo ezitsha, ukusonga kweplastiki kunefuthe elihle lokulondoloza, ungcoliseko oluncinci, akukho monakalo, kulula ukuxhamla imveliso yemveliso.

3.7 Izinto ezisebenzayo zombane kunye nezombane

I-Electrolyte thickening stabilizer: ngenxa yokucoceka okuphezulu kwe-ether yeselulosi, ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwe-asidi, ukuxhathisa ityuwa, ngokukodwa isinyithi kunye nomxholo wentsimbi enzima, ngoko i-colloid izinzile kakhulu, ilungele ibhetri yealkali, ibhetri ye-zinc manganese i-electrolyte thickening stabilizer.

Izinto zekristale zamanzi: Ukususela kwi-1976, ukufunyanwa kokuqala kwe-hydroxypropyl cellulose - inkqubo yamanzi ye-crystal ask phase, ifunyenwe kwisisombululo esifanelekileyo sezinto eziphilayo, ezininzi ze-cellulose derivatives kwi-concentration ephezulu zingenza isisombululo se-anisotropic, umzekelo, i-hydroxypropyl cellulose kunye ne-acetate yayo, i-propionate. , i-benzoate, i-phthalate, i-acetyxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, njl. Ukongeza kwi-colloidal ionic liquid crystal solution, ezinye ii-esters ze-hydroxypropyl cellulose nazo zibonisa le propati.

Uninzi lwe-cellulose ethers lubonisa iimpawu zekristale yolwelo lwe-thermotropic.I-Acetyl hydroxypropyl cellulose yenza ikristale yolwelo lwe-thermogen engaphantsi kwe-164℃.I-Acetocetate hydroxypropyl seluplose ye-chalupose hydroxypropyl seluplose, i-HydroxylslicPyl yeseluplose yeSeluplose yeSeluplose I-Droxyythl Seletate, njl njl.Ezinye ii-cellulose esters ezifana ne-cellulose benzoate, i-p-methoxybenzoate kunye ne-p-methylbenzoate, i-cellulose heptanate inokwenza iikristale ze-thermogenic cholesteric liquid.

Izinto zokufakelwa kombane: i-cyanoethyl cellulose etherifying agent ye-acrylonitrile, i-dielectric rhoqo, i-coefficient yelahleko ephantsi, ingasetyenziswa njenge-phosphorus kunye ne-electroluminescent resin matrix kunye ne-transformer insulation.

4. Amazwi okuvala

Ukusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali ukufumana i-cellulose derivatives kunye nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yindlela esebenzayo yokufumana ukusetyenziswa okutsha kweselulosi, eyona nto inkulu yendalo yendalo emhlabeni.Njengenye yezinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose, i-ether ye-cellulose efana ne-physiological engenabungozi, imathiriyeli ye-polymer e-soluble-free-free water-soluble ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle, isetyenziswe kumashishini amaninzi, kwaye iya kuba nethemba elibanzi lophuhliso.