Ko Kongiri Inoshandiswa Sei?

Concrete ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa zvekuvaka pasi rose, inokosheswa nekuda kwesimba rayo, kusimba, kuita zvakasiyana-siyana, uye mutengo-kushanda.Zvishandiso zvaro zvinotenderera muzvikamu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira zvekugara, zvekutengesa, maindasitiri, uye mapurojekiti ezvivakwa.Heano mamwe ekutanga kushandiswa kwekongiri:

1. Zvivakwa uye Zvimiro: Kongiri inoshanda sehwaro, dhizaini, uye yekunze kuvharika kweakasiyana ezvivakwa uye zvimiro, zvinosanganisira:
   • Zvivakwa zvekugara: Dzimba, dzimba, makondomu.
   • Zvivakwa zvekutengesa: Mahofisi, zvitoro zvezvitoro, maresitorendi, mahotera.
   • Zvivakwa zveindasitiri: Mafekitori, matura, zvivakwa zvekuchengetera.
   • Zvivakwa zvemasangano: Zvikoro, zvipatara, zvivakwa zvehurumende.
   • Nzvimbo dzekutandarira: Nhandare dzemitambo, nhandare, madziva ekutuhwina.
2. Infrastructure: Kongiri yakakosha pakuvaka akasiyana mapurojekiti ezvivakwa anotsigira budiriro yehupfumi uye hupenyu hwehupenyu, kusanganisira:
   • Migwagwa nemigwagwa mikuru: Kongiri inoshandiswa kugadzira migwagwa, migwagwa mikuru, uye mabhiriji nekuda kwekusimba kwayo, kutakura mitoro, uye kusakara uye kubvaruka.
   • Mabhiriji nematanho: Kongiri inopa rutsigiro rwechimiro uye kugadzikana kunodiwa kumabhiriji, tunnel, overpasses, uye viaducts.
   • Madhamu nemadziva: Madhamu ekongiri nemadziva zvinogadzirwa kuti zvigadzirise kuyerera kwemvura, kugadzira magetsi emagetsi emvura, uye kupa mvura yekudiridza, yekunwa, uye yekushandisa mumaindasitiri.
   • Zviteshi nezviteshi zvengarava: Kongirindi inoshandiswa kuvaka chiteshi chezvikepe, pier, madziro ezvikepe, uye nzvimbo dzekugezera kufambisa zvifambiso zvemugungwa nekutakura zvinhu.
   • Airports: Concrete runways, taxiways, uye apron zvakakosha kuti nhandare dzendege dzikwanise kusimuka nendege, kumhara, uye kushanda kwepasi.
3. Zvekufambisa: Kongiri inoita basa rakakosha mumapurojekiti akasiyana ezvifambiso, kusanganisira:
   • Masisitimu ekufambisa: Kongirindi inoshandiswa kugadzira tunzira dzepasi pevhu, mapuratifomu echitima, uye zviteshi zvekufambisa mumaguta kutsigira masisitimu ekufambisa kwevanhu.
   • Zvimisikidzo zvekupaka: Kongiri inopa hwaro hwakasimba uye hwakasimba hwemagaraji ekupaka ekupaka uye nzvimbo dzekupaka munzvimbo dzekutengesa uye dzekugara.
   • Nzira dzevanofamba netsoka: Nzira dzemumativi, nzira dzetsoka, uye mabhiriji evanofamba netsoka anovakwa pachishandiswa kongiri kuti ave nechokwadi uye nzira dzevanofamba netsoka dzakachengetedzeka mumaguta nemumadhorobha.
4. Mvura neMatsvina Zvivako: Kongiri inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumvura uye nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yetsvina kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kwakaringana manejimendi ezviwanikwa zvemvura, kusanganisira:
   • Zvidyarwa zvekuchenesa mvura: Zvivako zvekongiri zvakavakwa kuti zvigadzirise nzira dzekuchenesa mvura, senge sedimentation, kusefa, disinfection, uye kurapwa kwemakemikari, kugadzira mvura yakachena uye inonwiwa yekushandiswa kwemanisipala nemaindasitiri.
   • Mishonga yekuchenesa mvura yetsvina: Matangi ekongiri, mabheseni, uye machenera anoshandiswa pakurapa kwepuraimari, sekondari, uye epamusoro kubvisa zvinosvibisa nezvinosvibisa mumvura inoraswa isati yabuda kana kushandiswazve.
5. Landscaping uye Hardscaping: Kongiri inoshandiswa mukugadzira nyika uye hardscaping mapurojekiti kugadzira nzvimbo dzekunze, maficha, uye zvinowanikwapo, zvinosanganisira:
   • Patio uye materrace: Kongiri inoshandiswa kuvaka nzvimbo dzekunze dzekugara, patio decks, uye magadheni akatemerwa ekugara uye ekutengesa zvivakwa.
   • Kuchengetedza madziro uye zvipingamupinyi: Kongiri inochengetedza madziro, zvipingamupinyi zvinonzwika, uye madziro emafashama zvinopa rutsigiro rwechimiro, kudzora kukukurwa kwevhu, uye kuderedza ruzha mukugadzira minda nemapurojekiti ezvivakwa.
   • Zvinhu zvekushongedza: Kongiri yakadhindwa, yakazarurwa aggregate, uye kongiri yeruvara isarudzo dzakakurumbira dzekuwedzera kukwezva uye magadzirirwo kune ekunze nzvimbo, senge nzira dzekufamba, driveways, uye pool decks.

kongiri chinhu chakakosha chekuvaka chinosimbisa kuvaka nekusimudzira nzanga dzemazuvano, inotsigira huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa muzvikamu zvakasiyana nemaindasitiri.Kuchinja-chinja kwayo, kusimba, uye kuvimbika kunoita kuti ive yakakosha kumapurojekiti ezvivakwa, zvivakwa, masisitimu ekufambisa, uye zvivakwa zvezvakatipoteredza pasi rese.