Kwenzekani Uma Ikhonkrithi Imanzi Kakhulu?

1. Isingeniso

Ukhonkoloiyitshe lesisekelo sokwakhiwa kwesimanje. Kusukela emigwaqweni nasemabhuloho kuya emakhaya nasezindlini eziphakeme, ukuqina kwayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo kwenza kube yinto yokwakha ekhethwayo emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi kuncike kakhulu ekuxubeni kwayo. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu isilinganiso samanzi-kuya-kusimende (w/c). Nakuba amanzi ebalulekile ekunambithekeni nasekusebenzeni kahle, amaningi kakhulu angadala izinkinga eziningi.I-KimaCell® ihlola okwenzekayo lapho ukhonkolo umanzi kakhulu, ihlola imiphumela emandleni, ukuqina, ubuhle, kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

2. Indima Yamanzi Ekhonkrithini

Amanzi akhiwe kukhonkrithi anezinjongo eziningana:

• Iqala ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngesamente (umswakama)
• Kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokubekwa kanye nokuqeda
• Kwenza kube lula ukuqina nokuqina

Kodwa-ke, kudingeka cishe ama-25-30% amanzi ngesisindo sikasimende ukuze kube nokumanzi okugcwele. Noma yimaphi amanzi engeziwe andisa isilinganiso se-w/c futhi anciphise ingxube, okwenza umkhiqizo wokugcina ube sengozini.

3. Ukuqonda Isilinganiso Samanzi Nosimende

Isilinganiso se-w/c yisilinganiso sesisindo samanzi nesisindo se-usimende osetshenziswa engxubeni yekhonkrithi. Isilinganiso esiphansi siholela emandleni aphezulu nasekuqineni kodwa ukusebenza kunciphe. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sithuthukisa ukusebenza kodwa sinciphisa amandla futhi sandisa ukugoba. Izilinganiso ezifanele ngokuvamile zisukela ku-0.4 kuya ku-0.6 kwezicelo eziningi zesakhiwo.

4. Izimpawu Zokhonkolo Omanzi Kakhulu

Uma ukhonkolo umanzi kakhulu, kuvela izimpawu eziningana zokuthi:

• Ukopha ngokweqile (amanzi akhuphukela phezulu)
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-aggregate kanyeinhlama yesimende
• Isikhathi sokusetha esihamba kancane
• Amanani okwehla aphezulu kunalokho okucacisiwe
• Ukuqina kobuso noma ukuqeda okunothuli

5. Imiphumela Emandleni Okucindezela

Amandla okucindezela yisici esibaluleke kakhulu sekhonkrithi ekusetshenzisweni kwesakhiwo. Amanzi amaningi aholela ekukhuleni kwe-capillary porosity, okwenza i-matrix ibe buthaka. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwandisa isilinganiso se-w/c kusuka ku-0.4 kuya ku-0.6 kunganciphisa amandla okucindezela ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-30%. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kuphazamisa amandla okuthwala umthwalo futhi kungabangela ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

6. Umthelela Ekuqineni

Ukuqina kubhekisela ekhonweni lekhonkrithi lokumelana nezimo zemvelo ezifana nemijikelezo yokuncibilika nokuqandisa, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, kanye nokuguguleka. Amanzi amaningi andisa ukungena kwamanzi, okwenza ikhonkrithi ibe sengozini enkulu yoku:

• Ukungena kwe-chloride kanye nokugqwala kokuqinisa insimbi
• Ukuhlasela kwe-sulfate kanye nokusabela kwe-alkali-silica
• Ukungena komswakama okuholela ekulimaleni kokuqandisa nokuncibilikisa

7. Ukuqhekeka Nokuncipha

Ukuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi kubangela ukuncishiswa okukhulu kokoma njengoba ingxube ilahlekelwa amanzi angaphezulu. Lokhu kuholela ku:

• Ukuqhekeka kwepulasitiki
• Ukomisa imifantu yokuncipha
• Ukuhlanya (imifantu emincane ebusweni)

Lezi zimfa zinciphisa ubuqotho kanye nobuhle bekhonkrithi futhi zingaba yizindlela zamanzi namakhemikhali.

8. Ukuntuleka Kobuso

Ukuxubana okumanzi kuvame ukuholela ekuqedeni okungekuhle kobuso ngenxa yalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukopha kanye nokuphumula
• Uthuli (ungqimba olubuthakathaka oluvame ukuguguleka)
• Ukunamathela okubi kwezimbozo kanye nokuqedwa

Amaphutha anjalo awagcini nje ngobuhle kodwa futhi ayasebenza, ikakhulukazi phansi nasemaceleni omgwaqo.

9. Ukubeka Isikhathi Nokulungisa Izinkinga

Ngokweqileukhonkolo omanziKuthatha isikhathi eside ukusetha. Isikhathi eside sokusetha senza kube nzima amashejuli okwakha futhi kungabangela ukungomi kahle. Ukungangomi kahle kungaholela ku:

• Ukumanzisa okungaphelele
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okungekuhle
• Ukuqhekeka kwendawo

10. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlanzwa kwezinyosi

Amanzi amaningi angabangela ukuthi ama-aggregate asindayo ahlale phansi kuyilapho i-paste yesimende elula iphakama, okuholela ekuhlukaniseni. Lokhu kubangela:

• Ukuhlanganisa uju (akukho lutho ngaphakathi kwekhonkrithi)
• Ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwezinto
• Ukuqina kwesakhiwo okunciphile

11. Ukukhathazeka Ngokusebenza Kwesikhathi Eside

Ukhonkolo omanzi kakhulu ungaphumelela ekuhlolweni kokuqala kodwa uhlushwa yilokhu okulandelayo:

• Isikhathi sokuphila esincishisiwe
• Ukuqala kokuwohloka kwasekuqaleni
• Izindleko zokulungisa ezikhuphukile

Lezi zinkinga zivame ukuvela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, okwenza ukulawula ukuxubana kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.

12. Ukuphepha kanye Nengozi Yesakhiwo

Amalungu esakhiwo enziwe ngokhonkolo obuthakathaka abangela izingozi ezinkulu:

• Amakholomu kanye nemishayo kungenzeka ingasekeli imithwalo yomklamo
• Izindawo eziqhekekile noma eziqhekekile zingalimaza abantu abahlala kuzo
• Ukugqwala okusheshayo kokuqinisa kungaholela ekuweni

13. Umthelela Wezomnotho

Ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi kakhulu engxubeni kunganciphisa izindleko zesikhashana ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, kodwa imiphumela yezomnotho yesikhathi eside ihlanganisa:

• Izindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa
• Izikweletu zomthetho
• Ukuncipha kwempilo yesevisi

14. Imikhuba Emihle Yokugwema Ukhonkolo Omanzi Kakhulu

Ukuvimbela amanzi amaningi:

• Sebenzisaizinto zokunciphisa amanzi or izinto zopulasitiki
• Sebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlanganiswa okulawulwayo
• Yenza izivivinyo zokuwa bese ulungisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi ngokufanele
• Fundisa abasebenzi abasebenza endaweni yokusebenza mayelana nokuhambisana okuxubile

Amanzi ayinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili kukhonkolo. Nakuba kubalulekile ekufakweni kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle, amanzi amaningi alimaza cishe zonke izakhiwo ezifiselekayo zekhonkolo eqinile. Kusukela ekuncipheni kwamandla nokuqina kuya ekuqhekekeni okukhulu kanye nokukhubazeka kobuso, izingozi zekhonkolo emanzi kakhulu zibalulekile. Ngokuqonda imiphumela nokusebenzisa ukwakheka okuxubile okufanele kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi, lezi zingozi zingancishiswa, kuqinisekiswe izakhiwo zekhonkolo ezihlala isikhathi eside neziphephile.

At I-Kima Chemical, sihlinzeka ngekhwalithi ephezuluizithasiselo zezinga lokwakhakufaka phakathi:

I-HPMC(Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) - ukuze kugcinwe amanzi kahle futhi kusebenze kahle

I-MHEC(i-Methyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose)-ilungele ukujiya okulinganayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okubushelelezi

I-RDP(I-Redispersible Polymer Powder) - ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okubopha, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenza ukhonkolo wokuqeda okubushelelezi, ukulevelisha okuqinile, noma ukusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo ezinhlelweni zokushisa zanamuhla,I-Kima ChemicalIzithasiselo zikusiza ukuthi ulethe imikhiqizo ehlala isikhathi eside, esebenza kahle kakhulu amakhasimende akho angayethemba.