Kwenzekani Uma Ukhonkolo Umanzi Kakhulu?

1. Isingeniso

Ukhonkoloiyisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwesimanje. Kusukela emigwaqweni namabhuloho kuya ezindlini nasezindaweni eziphakeme, ukuqina kwayo nokuguquguquka kwayo kuyenza ibe yimpahla yokwakha ethandwayo emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kukakhonkolo kuncike kakhulu ekuxubeni kwayo. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu isilinganiso samanzi ukuya kusimende (w/c). Nakuba amanzi ebaluleke kakhulu ekufakweni kwamanzi nasekusebenzeni, amaningi awo angaholela ezinkingeni eziningi.KimaCell® ihlola ukuthi yini eyenzekayo uma ukhonkolo umanzi kakhulu, uhlola imiphumela yamandla, ukuqina, ubuhle, nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

2. Iqhaza Lamanzi Kokhonkolo

Amanzi akukhonkolo anezinjongo eziningana:

• Iqala ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngosimende (hydration)
• Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kokubeka nokuqeda
• Kwenza kube lula ukuminyana nokuhlanganisa

Kodwa-ke, cishe amaphesenti angama-25-30 kuphela amanzi ngesisindo sikasimende adingekayo ukuze kufakwe amanzi aphelele. Noma yimaphi amanzi engeziwe anyusa isilinganiso se-w/c futhi ahlambulule ingxube, onakalise umkhiqizo wokugcina.

3. Ukuqonda Isilinganiso samanzi nosimende

Isilinganiso se-w/c isilinganiso sesisindo samanzi nesisindo se-usimende osetshenziswa kwingxube kakhonkolo. Isilinganiso esiphansi siholela emandleni aphezulu kanye nokuqina kodwa kunciphise ukusebenza. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sithuthukisa ukusebenza kodwa sinciphisa amandla futhi sikhulise i-porosity. Izilinganiso ezifanele ngokuvamile zisukela ku-0.4 kuye ku-0.6 ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziningi zesakhiwo.

4. Izimpawu zikakhonkolo Omanzi Kakhulu

Uma ukhonkolo umanzi kakhulu, kuvela izimpawu eziningi zokukhuluma:

• Ukopha kakhulu (amanzi akhuphukela phezulu)
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-aggregates kanyeusimende unama
• Isikhathi sokusetha esinensayo
• Amanani okuwohloka aphezulu kunalawo ashiwo
• I-surface laitance noma isiphetho esinothuli

5. Imithelela Emandleni Acindezelayo

Amandla acindezelayo ayinto ebaluleke kakhulu kakhonkolo ezinhlelweni zesakhiwo. Amanzi amaningi aholela ekwandeni kwe-capillary porosity, okwenza buthaka i-matrix. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukukhulisa isilinganiso se-w/c sisuka ku-0.4 siye ku-0.6 kunganciphisa amandla okucindezela kufika ku-30%. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kulimaza umthamo wokuthwala futhi kungase kubangele ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

6. Umthelela Ekuqineni

Ukuqina kusho ikhono likakhonkolo lokumelana nezimo zemvelo ezifana nemijikelezo yokuqhwaza, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, nokuhuzuka. Amanzi amaningi kakhulu akhuphula ukungeneka, okwenza ukhonkolo ube lula ku-:

• Ukungena kwe-chloride nokugqwala kokuqinisa insimbi
• Ukuhlasela kwe-sulfate kanye nokusabela kwe-alkali-silica
• Ukungena komswakama okuholela emonakalweni wokuqandisa

7. Ukuqhekeka kanye Nokuncipha

Okuqukethwe kwamanzi aphezulu kubangela ukuncipha okukhulu kokomisa njengoba ingxube ilahlekelwa amanzi amaningi. Lokhu kuholela kokuthi:

• Ukuqhekeka kwePlastiki shrinkage
• Ukomisa imifantu ye-shrinkage
• Ukuhlanya (imifantu emihle)

Le mifantu inciphisa ubuqotho kanye nobuhle bukakhonkolo futhi ingaba izindlela zamanzi namakhemikhali.

8. Ukushiyeka Kobuso

Izingxube ezimanzi zivame ukuholela ekuqedweni okungekuhle ngenxa yalokhu:

• Ukopha kanye ne-laitance
• Uthuli (ungqimba olungaphezulu olubuthakathaka olujwayele ukugqokwa)
• Ukunamathela okungalungile kwama-coatings kanye nokuqedwa

Amaphutha anjalo akuwona nje ubuhle kodwa futhi ayasebenza, ikakhulukazi phansi kanye nama-pavements.

9. Ukubeka Isikhathi kanye Nokwelapha Izinkinga

Ngokweqileukhonkolo omanzikuthatha isikhathi eside ukusetha. Isikhathi sokusetha esandisiwe sixabanisa amashejuli wokwakha futhi singase sibangele ukwelapha okunganele. Ukwelashwa okungalungile kungaholela ku:

• I-hydration engaphelele
• Ukungathuthuki kahle kwamandla
• Ukuqhekeka komhlaba

10. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nokukama Izinyosi

Amanzi eqile angabangela ukuthi izilinganiso ezisindayo zizinze ngenkathi unamathisela usimende olula ukhuphuka, okuholela ekuhlukaniseni. Lokhu kubangela:

• I-Honeycombing (izikhala ngaphakathi kokhonkolo)
• Ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwezinto
• Kwehlisiwe ubuqotho besakhiwo

11. Izinkathazo Zokusebenza Zesikhathi Eside

Ukhonkolo omanzi ngokweqile ungadlula ukuhlolwa kokuqala kodwa ube nezinkinga:

• Ukuphila okuncishisiwe
• Ukuqala kokuwohloka
• Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zokunakekela

Lezi zinkinga zivame ukuvela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, okwenza ukulawulwa kwengxube kuqala kubaluleke kakhulu.

12. Ukuphepha kanye Nengozi Yesakhiwo

Amalungu esakhiwo enziwe ngokhonkolo obuthakathaka adala izingozi ezinkulu:

• Amakholomu nemishayo ingase ingasekeli imithwalo yedizayini
• Izindawo eziqhekekile noma ezisabalele zingalimaza abahlezi
• Ukugqwala okusheshayo kokuqiniswa kungaholela ekuweni

13. Umthelela Wezomnotho

Ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi kakhulu ekuxubeni kungase kunciphise izindleko zesikhashana ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, kodwa imithelela yezomnotho yesikhathi eside ihlanganisa:

• Izindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa
• Izikweletu zomthetho
• Ukuncipha kwempilo yesevisi

14. Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokugwema Ukhonkolo Omanzi Kakhulu

Ukuze uvimbele amanzi amaningi:

• Sebenzisaizinciphisi zamanzi or ama-plasticizers
• Sebenzisa ukuhlanganisa okulawulwayo nokuxuba
• Yenza izivivinyo ze-slump futhi ulungise okuqukethwe kwamanzi ngendlela efanele
• Fundisa abasebenzi abasezindaweni mayelana nokuvumelana kwengxube

Amanzi ayinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili kukhonkolo. Nakuba kubalulekile ekufakweni kwamanzi nokusebenza, amanzi amaningi abeka engcupheni cishe yonke impahla efiselekayo kakhonkolo oqinile. Ukusuka emandleni ancishisiwe kanye nokuqina kuya ekuqhekekeni okwenyukayo kanye nokukhubazeka kwendawo, izingozi zikakhonkolo omanzi ngokweqile zibalulekile. Ngokuqonda imiphumela nokusebenzisa idizayini efanele yengxube nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, lezi zingozi zingancishiswa, kuqinisekiswe izakhiwo eziqinile ezihlala isikhathi eside neziphephile.

At I-Kima Chemical, sihlinzeka ngekhwalithi ephezuluizithasiselo zebanga lokwakhakufaka phakathi:

I-HPMC(I-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose)- yokugcina amanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle

I-MHEC(Methyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose) -ilungele i-viscosity engaguquki kanye nokusetshenziswa okubushelelezi

I-RDP(I-Redispersible Polymer Powder)- yamandla okubopha athuthukisiwe, ukuguquguquka, nokumelana nokuqhekeka
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenza ukhonkolo ukuze uqedele ukushelela, ukulinganisa okuqinile, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokuhlanganisa,I-Kima Chemicalizithasiselo zikusiza ukuthi ulethe imikhiqizo ehlala isikhathi eside, esebenza kahle kakhulu amakhasimende akho angayethemba.