I-Diacetone Acrylamide (DAAM)

Isithombe Esifakiwe se-Diacetone Acrylamide (DAAM)

Incazelo emfushane:

Umkhiqizi Nomhlinzeki we-Diacetone Acrylamide (DAAM)

I-Diacetone acrylamide(DAAM) iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali eyingxenye yesigaba sezinto eziphuma ku-acrylamide. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kumakhemikhali e-polymer futhi ingasebenza njenge-monomer ekukhiqizweni kwama-polymer ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lawo asetshenziswa ekumbozeni, ekunamathiseleni, nasezinhlanganisela. Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-DAAM sakhiwa yiqembu le-acrylamide (iqembu le-vinyl elixhunywe eqenjini le-carbonyl) kanye nengxenye ye-acetone.

Izakhiwo ze-DAAM zingahluka kuye ngokuthi i-polymerization yayo ingakanani. Ngokuvamile, i-DAAM isetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni kwama-polymer anezici ezifiselekayo njengokunamathela okuthuthukisiwe, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokumelana nezici zemvelo njengokushisa nomswakama.

Esinye isici esibalulekile se-DAAM ukuthi ingadlula ku-free radical polymerization, lapho isabela khona namanye ama-monomer (noma yona ngokwayo) ukuze yakhe ama-polymer. Lawa ma-polymer angasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimboni, kufaka phakathi ama-thickeners, ama-crosslinkers, noma ekuthuthukisweni kwama-resin akhethekile.

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I-Diacetone AcrylamideUmhlinzeki kanye nefektri (DAAM)

I-Diacetone acrylamide(DAAM) iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa kabanzi kwisayensi ye-polymer, ubuchwepheshe bokumboza, kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Iyi-monomer yokwenziwa ethole ukunakwa okukhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile, njengokusabela okuphezulu, ikhono lokwakha izakhiwo ze-polymer ezahlukahlukene, kanye nekhono lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. I-DAAM idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo ze-polymer, ukumboza, izinamathiseli, kanye nezinhlanganisela.

1. Isakhiwo Samakhemikhali Nezakhiwo ze-Diacetone Acrylamide

I-Diacetone acrylamide iyi-derivative ye-acrylamide, lapho iqembu le-acrylamide lithathelwa indawo yi-acetone engxenyeni ye-nitrogen. Ifomula yamakhemikhali ye-DAAM iyi-C₆H₁₁CHA₂, futhi isisindo sayo sama-molecule cishe singu-129.17 g/mol.

Isakhiwo se-DAAM siqukethe:

An iqembu le-acrylamide(CH₂=CH-C(=O)-NH-), okuyingxenye eyinhloko esabelayo ye-molecule.
A iqembu le-diacetone(C₄H₇O₂), enamathele ku-nitrogen ye-acrylamide.

Inombolo ye-CAS: 2873-97-4
I-TSCA: 2873-97-4
I-EINECS: 220-713-2
I-ENCS: 2-1024

Izici

I-Diacetone acrylamide ipholimitha kalula futhi yakhe ama-copolymers anezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zama-comonomers
I-Diacetone acrylamide isabela neqembu le-ketone le-adipic acid dihydrazide ekushiseni okuvamile.

Ukuba khona kweiqembu elisebenzayo le-acrylamideivumela i-DAAM ukuthi i-polymerize ngendlela efana nezinyeama-monomers asekelwe ku-acrylamide, ngenkathiisakhiwo se-diacetoneinikeza isithiyo esiqinile esithinta ukusebenza kwayo kanye nezakhiwo zayo zomzimba. Iqembu le-acetone lenza futhi inhlanganisela incibilike kakhulu ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo.

2. Ukwenziwa kwe-Diacetone Acrylamide

Ukwenziwa kwe-DAAM kuhilela inqubo enezinyathelo ezimbili:

Ukwakheka kwe-acrylamide: Lesi sinyathelo sokuqala sihilela ukusabela i-acrylamide ne-acetone lapho kukhona i-acid noma i-base catalyst. I-acetone isabela ne-athomu ye-nitrogen ye-acrylamide ukuze yakhe i-diacetone derivative.
Ukuhlanzwa: Uma ukusabela sekuqediwe, umkhiqizo uvame ukuhlanzwa ngokusebenzisa amasu okuhluza noma ukwakheka kwamakristalu ukuze kuhlukanisweI-DAAM monomerngesimo sayo esimsulwa.

Ukusabela kungachazwa kanje:

I-Acrylamide (CH₂=CH-C(=O)-NH₂)iphendula ne-acetone (CH₃COCH₃) ukuze yakhe i-diacetone acrylamide (CH₂=CH-C(=O)-NH-CH₂COCH₃).

Ukwenziwa kwe-DAAM kulula kakhulu, kodwa ukulawulwa okunembile kwezimo zokusabela (isb. izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokusabela, ukukhetha i-solvent) kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale isivuno esiphezulu kanye nobumsulwa.

3. Ukwenziwa kwe-Diacetone Acrylamide ibe yi-polymer

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-DAAM yikhono layo lokubhekana nokucindezeleka.i-polymerization yamahhalaIqembu le-acrylamide ku-DAAM lingabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-polymerization, okuvumela i-DAAM ukuthi ixhumane namanye ama-monomer noma yona ngokwayo ukuze yakhe amaketanga amade e-polymer. Lokhu kwenza i-DAAM ibe yi-monomer ewusizo ekukhiqizweni kwama-polymer anezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene.

Ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization ye-DAAM kungaqhubeka ngale ndlela elandelayo:

I-Homopolymerization: I-monomer ye-DAAM isabela namanye ama-monomer e-DAAM, yakha i-polymer equkethe amayunithi e-DAAM ngokuphelele.
Ama-Copolymer: I-DAAM ingaphinde ihlanganiswe namanye ama-monomer asekelwe ku-acrylate, i-methacrylate, noma i-vinyl ukuze kudalwe ama-copolymer anezakhiwo ezilungiselelwe wena. Lokhu kuvumela ukufakwa kwamaqembu athile asebenzayo anikeza izici ezikhethekile ku-polymer.

Iziqalisi zama-free radical (isb.,I-AIBN, I-BPO) noma ukukhanya kwe-UV kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuqalisa inqubo yokwenza i-polymerization. Okuphumela kulokhuAma-polymer asekelwe ku-DAAMingaba nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi i-polymerization ingakanani, ukuthi ikhona yini i-crosslinking agents, kanye nohlobo lwama-co-monomers asetshenziswayo.

Izakhiwo

Ukubukeka	Impuphu ye-flake emhlophe kuya kwephuzi kancane
Ifomula	C₉H₁₅NO₂
Isisindo se-mol.	169.23
Amandla adonsela phansi athile (60°C)	0.998
Indawo yokuncibilika	56°C
Indawo yokubilisa	120°C (8 mm Hg)
Ukuncibilika emanzini ezinyibilikisini eziphilayo	>100g/100g H₂O Okungajwayelekile
I-Tg (i-homo-polymer)	77°C (DSC)
Ukujiya (60°C)	17.9 m Pa·s

I-Copolymerization

M1	M2	r1	r2	Q1	e1	Q2	e2
I-Styrene	I-Diacetone i-acrylamide	1.77 ±0.08	0.49 ±0.06	1.00	-0.80	0.42	-0.42
I-Methyl i-methacrylate	I-Diacetone i-acrylamide	1.68 ±0.06	0.57 ±0.03	0.74	0.04	0.41	-0.02

4. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Diacetone Acrylamide

4.1. Upende kanye Nezimbozo

I-DAAM isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwe-ukumbozwa nopendengenxa yekhono layo lokudala ama-polymer anamathela ngokuqinile, aguquguqukayo, kanye nokumelana nezici zemvelo. Amafilimu e-polymer aphumelayo abonisa ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezingubo zendabuko ze-acrylic noma ze-polyester.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zifaka:

Izimbozo ezivikelayoAma-polymer asekelwe ku-DAAM anikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokuguguleka, okwenza abe afanele ukusetshenziswa ezimbozweni zezimoto, zezimboni kanye nezasolwandle.
Izinamathiseli: Ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization kwe-DAAM kungaholela ezintanjeni ezakha izibopho eziqinile nezindawo eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi, ipulasitiki kanye nengilazi.
Izembozo ezilwa nokugqwala: Amafilimu aguquguqukayo futhi aqinile enziwe ngama-polymer asekelwe ku-DAAM asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezidinga izembozo ezilwa nokugqwala ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

4.2. Ama-Polymer Amunca Kakhulu

I-DAAM isetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseniama-polymer anamandla okumunca(Ama-SAP), okuyizinto ezikwazi ukumunca amanzi amaningi noma olunye uketshezi. Lezi zinto zivame ukusetshenziswa ezicelweni ezifana nalezi:

Imikhiqizo yokuhlanzekaAma-SAP asekelwe ku-DAAM atholakala emikhiqizweni efana nama-napkin, ama-napkin ahlanzekile, kanye nemikhiqizo yokungakwazi ukuzibamba kwabantu abadala.
Izicelo zezolimo: Ama-polymer anamandla okumunca amanzi enziwe nge-DAAM angasetshenziswa kwezolimo ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi enhlabathini.

4.3. Izicelo Zezokwelapha Nezokwelapha

Ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo nezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo, i-DAAM nayo iyahlolwa ku-imikhakha yezokwelapha kanye neyezokwelapha. Ngokwesibonelo:

Izinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidakamizwaAma-polymer asekelwe ku-DAAM angaklanywa ukuze alethe izidakamizwa ngendlela elawulwayo, anikeze ukukhululwa isikhathi eside noma aqondise izicubu ezithile.
Ubunjiniyela bezicubu: Izakhiwo eziguquguqukayo nezihambisanayo ze-polymers ezisekelwe ku-DAAM zizenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zobunjiniyela bezicubu, ukubopha amanxeba, kanye namanye amadivayisi ezokwelapha.

4.4. Ukwakheka kwe-Hydrogel

Ama-hydrogel enziwe nge-DAAM asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo zokugcina amanzi amaningi. Lawa ma-hydrogel angasetshenziswa ku:

Ukunakekelwa kwenxebaAma-hydrogel ahlinzeka ngendawo emanzi yokuphulukiswa kwenxeba, anciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka futhi asheshise inqubo yokuphulukiswa.
Izakhiwo zobuhleAma-hydrogel enziwe nge-DAAM asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, okuhlanganisa ama-moisturizer kanye nama-creams okuvimbela ukuguga, ngenxa yekhono lawo elihle kakhulu lokumanzisa isikhumba.

4.5. Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezincane kanye ne-Composite

I-DAAM isetshenziswa futhi ekulungiseleleniama-nanocompositesfuthi kuthuthukileizinto ezisekelwe ku-polymerIsibonelo, i-DAAM ingenziwa i-polymer ngama-nanoparticles ukuze kwakhiwe izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini, zikagesi, noma zokushisa. Lezi zinto zingasetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:

Izinto zikagesi: Ama-nanocomposites e-polymer enziwe nge-DAAM angasetshenziswa kuma-electronics aguquguqukayo kanye nezinto eziqhubayo.
Izindiza: Izinhlanganisela ezisekelwe ku-DAAM zisetshenziselwa izakhiwo zazo ezilula nezinamandla aphezulu ezisetshenziswayo ezindiza.

4.6. Izicelo Zokuphrinta Nezendwangu

Embonini yezindwangu, i-DAAM isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izindwangu eziqinile futhi eziguquguqukayo. Isibonelo,izembozo ezisebenzayoNgokusekelwe ku-DAAM, ingasetshenziswa ezindwangu ukuze ikwazi ukumelana kakhulu namanzi, amabala kanye nemisebe ye-UV. Ngokufanayo, i-DAAM ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeniuyinki wokuphrinta, lapho ikhono layo lokwenza amafilimu asezingeni eliphezulu lisiza ekufinyeleleni ukucaca okungcono kokuphrinta nokuqina.