Iselulosi etheryenziwe nge-cellulose ngokusabela kwe-etherification kunye nomgubo wokomisa we-ejenti enye okanye ezininzi ze-etherifying.Ngokutsho kwesakhiwo sekhemikhali esahlukileyo se-ether substituent, i-cellulose ether inokwahlulwa ibe yi-anionic, i-cationic kunye ne-ether engeyiyo ionic.Ionic cellulose ether ikakhulu icarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC);I-non-ionic cellulose ether ikakhulu imethyl cellulose ether (MC), ihydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HC).I-ether engeyiyo i-ionic ihlulwe ibe yi-ether e-soluble yamanzi kunye ne-ether e-soluble ether, i-ether engekho i-ionic yamanzi e-soluble isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zodaka.Xa kukho i-calcium ions, i-ionic cellulose ether ayizinzile, ngoko ke ayifane isetyenziswe kwiimveliso zodaka ezomileyo ezixutywe ngesamente, i-hydrated lime kunye nezinye izinto zesamente.I-ether ye-cellulose e-non-ionic yamanzi e-soluble isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lezinto zokwakha ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Iimpawu zekhemikhali ze-cellulose ether
Ngamnyei-cellulose etherinesakhiwo esisisiseko se-cellulose - i-dehydrated structure ye-glucose.Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether, i-fiber cellulose ishushu kwisisombululo se-alkaline kuqala, kwaye iphathwa nge-etherifying agent.Imveliso ye-fibrous reaction ihlanjululwa kwaye iphantsi ukwenza umgubo ofanayo kunye nokucolwa okuthile.
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-MC, i-methane chloride kuphela isetyenziswa njenge-etherifying agent.Imveliso ye-HPMC ukongeza ekusebenziseni i-methane chloride, kodwa iphinde isebenzise i-propylene oxide ukufumana iqela le-hydroxypropyl substituent.Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose ethers zinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ye-methyl kunye ne-hydroxypropyl, echaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-cellulose ethers kunye neempawu zobushushu bejeli eshushu.
Iimeko zesicelo se-cellulose ether
I-Cellulose ether yi-polymer engeyiyo i-ionic semi-synthetic, i-soluble yamanzi kunye ne-solvent ezimbini, kumashishini ahlukeneyo abangelwa yindima eyahlukileyo, njengakwizinto zokwakha iikhemikhali, inesiphumo esilandelayo esidibeneyo:
① iarhente yokugcina amanzi ② iarhente yokujiya ③ ukulinganisa ④ ukwenza ifilim ⑤ isibophelelo
Kwishishini lePVC, liyi-emulsifier, i-dispersant;Kwishishini lamachiza, luhlobo lwe-binder kunye nokukhululwa okucothayo kwe-skeleton material, kuba i-cellulose ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ezidibeneyo, ngoko ke yintsimi esetyenziswa kakhulu.Oku kulandelayo kugxininise ekusebenziseni i-cellulose ether kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kunye nendima.
(1) Ukukrwela iputty eludongeni:
Okwangoku, i-China iphakathi kwesixeko esikhulu sokumelana namanzi, ukuchasana ne-swab ye-putty yokukhusela indalo kuye kwathathwa ngokubalulekileyo ngabantu, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngenxa yokuba i-putty eyenziwe ngeglue yokwakha ikhupha umonakalo wegesi ye-formaldehyde kwimpilo yabantu, isakhiwo. iglu yenziwe nge-polyvinyl alcohol kunye ne-formaldehyde acetal reaction.Ngoko ke lo mbandela ngokuthe ngcembe upheliswe ngabantu, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwesi sixhobo yi-cellulose ether uchungechunge lweemveliso, oko kukuthi, uphuhliso lwezixhobo zokwakha ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, i-cellulose yodwa uhlobo lwezinto ezikhoyo ngoku.
Kwiputty enganyangekiyo emanzini yahlulwe yaba yiputty eyomileyo kunye ne-putty paste iindidi ezimbini, iintlobo ezimbini ze-putty zikhetha iindidi ezimbini ze-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl, ukucaciswa kwe-viscosity ngokubanzi ku-3000-60000cps phakathi kweyona nto ifanelekileyo, kwindima ephambili i-cellulose kwi-putty kukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukudibanisa, ukuthambisa kunye nezinye iziphumo.Ngenxa yokuba i-putty formula yomenzi ngamnye ayifani, ezinye ziyi-calcium engwevu, i-calcium ekhanyayo, i-samente emhlophe, ezinye ziyi-gypsum powder, i-calcium engwevu, i-calcium ekhanyayo, njl. azifani, umyinge jikelele wokudibanisa ngu-2 ‰-3‰ okanye kunjalo.Kudonga oluvuthelayo ludikwe kukwakhiwa kwabantwana, isiseko sodonga sinokufunxa okuthile (udonga lwezitena lomgangatho we-bibulous lwaluyi-13%, ikhonkrithi yi-3-5%), idityaniswa nokuphuma komphunga kwihlabathi langaphandle, ke ukuba uyakruquka ngumntwana. ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza, kuya kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni okanye into efana ne-pollen, ukwenzela ukuba amandla e-putty abe buthathaka, ngoko ke, emva kokujoyina i-cellulose ether iya kusombulula le ngxaki.Kodwa umgangatho wezinto zokuzalisa, ngakumbi umgangatho we-gray calcium nawo ubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-cellulose, iphinda ikhulise i-buoyancy ye-putty, kwaye igweme i-phenomenon yokuhamba okujingayo ekwakhiweni, kwaye ikhululekile kwaye isindisa umsebenzi emva kokukhuhla.Kwi-powder putty, i-ether ye-cellulose kufuneka yongezwe ngokufanelekileyo, ukuveliswa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kukulungele ngakumbi, izinto zokuzalisa kunye ne-powder eyomileyo encedisayo inokuxutywa ngokulinganayo, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kukulungele ngakumbi, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kwisayithi, kunye nokuba kungakanani na.
(2) Udaka lwekhonkrithi:
Kwi-concrete mortar, ngokwenene ukuphumeza amandla okugqibela, kufuneka wenze i-cement hydration reaction ngokupheleleyo, ngokukodwa ehlotyeni, ekwakhiweni kodaka lwekhonkrithi ilahleko yamanzi ngokukhawuleza, amanyathelo afakwe ngokupheleleyo emanzini okunyanga, le ndlela yinkcitho yobutyebi bamanzi kwaye ukusebenza okungahambi kakuhle, isitshixo siphezu komhlaba, amanzi kunye ne-hydration ayikabikho ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke iindlela zokusombulula le ngxaki, Yongeza i-agent egcina amanzi kwi-concrete yodaka ngokubanzi khetha i-hydroxypropyl methyl okanye i-methyl cellulose, i-viscosity specitions phakathi kwe-20000- 60000cps, yongeza i-2% - 3%.Malunga, izinga logcino lwamanzi linokunyuswa libe ngaphezu kwama-85%, kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kodaka lwekhonkrithi kumgubo owomileyo oxutywe ngokulinganayo emva kwamanzi.
(3) Udaka lwegypsum, udaka oludityanisiweyo, udaka lwe-caulking:
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lokwakha, imfuno yabantu yezinto ezintsha zokwakha nayo iyanda, ngenxa yokwanda kolwazi lwabantu malunga nokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kobuchule bokwakha, iimveliso zegypsum zesamente ziye zakhula ngokukhawuleza.Okwangoku ezona mpahla ziqhelekileyo zegesso zine-stucco gesso, i-caking gesso, iseti i-gesso, i-agent ye-tile caking ukulinda.I-plastering plaster luhlobo lomgangatho olungileyo wangaphakathi wodonga kunye nophahla lwezinto zokutyabeka, kunye nokucima udonga oluthambileyo kwaye lugudileyo, musa ukulahla umgubo kunye nebhondi yesiseko ngokuqinileyo, akukho mcimbi wokuqhekeka, kwaye unomsebenzi wokuthintela umlilo;I-Adhesive gypsum luhlobo olutsha lokuncamathelisa kwebhodi yokukhanya, i-gypsum njengesiseko sezinto, esongeza iintlobo ngeentlobo zezongezo kwaye zenziwe ngezinto ezincangathi, ilungele zonke iintlobo zezinto ezingaphiliyo zodonga lwesakhiwo phakathi kwebhondi, enetyhefu, engenancasa. , Ukumisa ngokukhawuleza, ukudibanisa ibhodi yokwakha, izinto ezixhasayo zokwakha ibhloko;I-agent ye-Gypsum yokuzalisa i-seam yi-plate ye-gypsum phakathi kwezinto zokuzalisa i-gap kunye nodonga, ukuzaliswa kokulungiswa kwe-crack.
Ezi mveliso ze-gypsum zinoluhlu lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ngaphezu kwe-gypsum kunye neefayili ezinxulumene nazo ukuze zidlale indima, umba obalulekileyo wongeziweyo we-cellulose ether additives udlala indima ephambili.Ngenxa yokuba gesso yahlulwe babe ngaphandle gesso amanzi kunye neesenti isiqingatha gesso amanzi, ezahlukeneyo gesso yahlukile isiphumo ukusebenza imveliso, ukwanda kakhulu ashinyeneyo, ukukhusela amanzi, coagulate kancinane umgangatho ogqiba gesso zokwakha.Ingxaki eqhelekileyo yezi zixhobo kukuqhekeka kwegubu elingenanto, amandla okuqala akakho, ukusombulula le ngxaki, kukukhetha uhlobo lwe-cellulose kunye ne-retarder yendlela yokusetyenziswa kwekhompawundi, kulo mba, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo lwe-methyl okanye i-hydroxypropyl methyl. 30000-60000cps, imali eyongezelelweyo yi-1.5% - 2%.Phakathi, ugxininiso lwe-cellulose kukugcina amanzi kunye nokucotha ukucolisa i-lubrication.Nangona kunjalo, kule thembela kwi-ether ye-cellulose njengoko i-retarder ingafiki, kufuneka idibanise i-citric acid retarder emva kokusetyenziswa okuxubileyo ayiyi kuchaphazela amandla okuqala.
Izinga logcino lwamanzi ngokubanzi libhekisa kubungakanani belahleko yamanzi endalo ngokungabikho kokufunxwa kwamanzi ngaphandle.Ukuba udonga lomile, umgangatho wesiseko uthatha amanzi kunye nokunyuka kwemvelo kwenza ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zilahlekelwe ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kuya kubakho igubu elingenanto kunye nesiganeko sokuqhekeka.Le ndlela yokusetyenziswa kukuxuba umgubo owomileyo, ukuba ukulungiswa kwesisombululo kunokubhekisela kwindlela yokulungisa isisombululo.
(4) Udaka lwe-insulation
Udaka lokugquma i-Thermal luhlobo olutsha lodonga lwangaphakathi lwemathiriyeli yokugquma ubushushu emantla eTshayina.Yinto eludongeni eyenziwe ngezinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal, i-mortar kunye ne-binder.Kule nto, i-cellulose idlala indima ephambili ekudibaniseni nasekunyuseni amandla.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-methyl cellulose ene-viscosity ephezulu (malunga ne-10,000 CPS) ikhethiwe, kwaye umthamo uphakathi kwe-2 ‰ kunye ne-3 ‰.Kusetyenziswa indlela yokuxuba umgubo owomileyo.
(5) i-arhente yojongano
I-agent ye-interface yi-HPMC20000cps, i-tile binder yi-60000cps okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye i-agent ye-interface isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-thickener, enokuphucula amandla obunzima kunye namandla otolo.Kwi-tile yokudibanisa i-agent yokugcina amanzi ukukhusela i-tile ekulahlekelweni kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza ukuwa.
Imeko yekhonkco lezoshishino
(1) Ushishino oluphezulu
Izinto eziphambili zokwenziwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose ziquka umqhaphu osulungekileyo (okanye i-pulp yomthi) kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi zemichiza eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nepropylene oxide, ikloromethane, ialkali yolwelo, i-alkali yecwecwe, i-ethylene oxide, i-toluene kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo.Amashishini angasentla kweli shishini aquka umqhaphu ocokisiweyo, amashishini okuvelisa iinkuni zomthi kunye namanye amashishini emichiza.Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lezinto eziphambili ezikhankanywe ngasentla ziya kuba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo kwiindleko zokuvelisa kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa i-cellulose ether.
Iindleko zomqhaphu osulungekileyo ziphezulu.Ukuthatha izinto zokwakha grade cellulose ether njengomzekelo, ngexesha lokunika ingxelo, umyinge weendleko zomqhaphu osulungekileyo kwizinto zokwakha ixabiso lentengiso ye-cellulose ether yayiyi-31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59% kunye ne-26.90%, ngokulandelanayo.Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lekotoni ecocekileyo kuya kuchaphazela iindleko zokuvelisa i-cellulose ether.Eyona mathiriyeli ekrwada yokuvelisa umqhaphu osulungekileyo yi-cotton staple.Isiseko somqhaphu yenye yeemveliso eziphuma kwimveliso yomqhaphu, esetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuvelisa i-cotton pulp, umqhaphu osulungekileyo, i-nitrocellulost kunye nezinye iimveliso.Ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cotton staple yahlukile kwi-cotton, kwaye ixabiso layo lingaphantsi kunelomqhaphu, kodwa linobudlelwane obuthile kunye nokuguquguquka kwexabiso lekotoni.Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-cotton staple kuya kuchaphazela ixabiso lekotoni ecocekileyo.
Ukuguquguquka okunobundlobongela kwexabiso lekotoni elisulungekileyo liya kuchaphazela ixabiso lemveliso, ixabiso lemveliso kunye nenzuzo yamashishini kule shishini ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo.Kwimeko yexabiso eliphezulu lomqhaphu elisulungekileyo kunye nexabiso le-pulp yeplanga lincinci, ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko, i-pulp yamaplanga ingasetyenziselwa indawo ye-cotton ecocisiweyo kunye neyongezelelweyo, isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-ether ye-cellulose yeklasi yokutya kunye nezinye i-viscosity ephantsi. i-cellulose ether.Ngo-2013, i-China yatyala i-4.35 yezigidi zeehektare zomqhaphu kwaye yavelisa i-6.31 yezigidi zeetoni zomqhaphu, ngokutsho kwewebhusayithi ye-Bureau yeSizwe ye-Statistics.Ngokwezibalo ze-China Cellulose Industry Association, ngo-2014, imveliso epheleleyo yomqhaphu osulungekisiweyo wamashishini amakhulu okuvelisa umqhaphu ocociweyo wasekhaya yayiziitoni ezingama-332,000, kunye nobonelelo oluninzi lwezinto ezikrwada.
Izinto eziphambili zokwenziwa kwezixhobo zemichiza yegraphite yintsimbi kunye nekhabhoni yegraphite.Ixabiso lentsimbi kunye ne-graphite carbon libalelwa kwinani eliphezulu lexabiso lemveliso yezixhobo zemichiza yegraphite.Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso kwezi zixhobo zekrwada kuya kuba neempembelelo ezithile kwiindleko zemveliso kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa lezixhobo zemichiza yegraphite.
(2) imeko yoshishino lwe-cellulose ether ezantsi
I-cellulose ether njenge "industrial MONO sodium glutamate", i-cellulose ether eyongeza umlinganiselo ophantsi, uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, amashishini asezantsi ahlakazekile kuzo zonke iindlela zobomi kuqoqosho lwelizwe.
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ishishini lokwakha elisezantsi kunye ne-real estate industry liya kuba nefuthe elithile ekukhuleni kwemfuno yezinto zokwakha ibakala le-cellulose ether.Xa ishishini lolwakhiwo lwasekhaya kunye nesantya sokukhula koshishino lwezindlu nomhlaba lukhawuleza, imarike yasekhaya yezinto zokwakha inqanaba lokukhula kwemfuno ye-cellulose ether iyakhawuleza.Xa isantya sokukhula koshishino lokwakha lwasekhaya kunye ne-real estate industry iyancipha, isantya sokukhula kwemfuno yezinto zokwakha igrade cellulose ether kwimarike yasekhaya iya kucotha, okwenza ukhuphiswano kushishino lube lukhulu, kwaye lukhawulezise ukusinda. yeyona nkqubo ifanelekileyo yamashishini kushishino.
Ukusukela ngo-2012, phantsi kobume bokucotha ukukhula koshishino lokwakha lwasekhaya kunye noshishino lwezindlu, imfuno yezinto zokwakha ibakala le-cellulose ether kwimarike yasekhaya ayizange iguquguquke kakhulu.Izizathu eziphambili zezi zilandelayo: 1. Isikali esipheleleyo soshishino lokwakha lwasekhaya kunye ne-real estate industry inkulu, kwaye imfuno yemarike iyonke inkulu;Imakethi ephambili yabathengi bezinto zokwakha ibakala le-cellulose ether ukusuka kwiindawo eziphuhliswe ngokwezoqoqosho kunye nezixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala kunye nesibini, ngokuthe ngcembe zanda ukuya kwi-Midwest kunye nezixeko zenqanaba lesithathu, amandla okukhula kwemfuno yasekhaya kunye nokwandiswa kwendawo;Eyesibini, isixa se-ether ye-cellulose eyongeziweyo kwiindleko zempahla yokwakha iphantsi, inani lomthengi omnye lincinci, abathengi basasazekile, kulula ukuvelisa imfuno engqongqo, imfuno epheleleyo yeemarike ezisezantsi zizinzile;Ezintathu, izinto zokwakha utshintsho ixabiso lemarike ichaphazela cellulose ietere imfuno isakhiwo utshintsho, izinto ezibalulekileyo ukuba inqanaba cellulose etere ukususela 2012, izinto zokwakha ukuhla ixabiso elikhulu, iimveliso eziphezulu kwixabiso lehla mkhulu, ukutsala abathengi ngakumbi ukuthenga ukhetho, landa imfuno yeemveliso eziphezulu kwi-, kunye nokucudisa uhlobo lwesiqhelo lweemveliso imfuno yemarike kunye nendawo ixabiso.
Uphuhliso lweshishini lamachiza kunye nesantya sokukhula kweshishini lamayeza liya kuchaphazela utshintsho lwemfuno ye-ether ye-cellulose ether yodidi lwamayeza.Ukuphuculwa komgangatho wokuphila kwabantu kunye neshishini lokutya eliphuhlileyo lilungele ukuqhuba imfuno yentengiso ye-ether ye-cellulose ether.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa i-cellulose ether
Ngenxa yobukho bemfuno yentengiso ye-cellulose ether yomahluko wolwakhiwo, ukubunjwa kwamandla amashishini ahlukeneyo ukuze ahlalisane.Ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu ezicacileyo zolwahlulo lolwakhiwo lwemfuno yemarike, abavelisi be-ether baselulosi basekhaya badityaniswe namandla abo ukuze bathathe isicwangciso sokhuphiswano esahlukileyo, kunye nokubamba kakuhle indlela yophuhliso kunye nolwalathiso lwemarike.
(1) ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza komgangatho wemveliso, iya kuhlala iyindawo yokhuphiswano oluphambili lwamashishini e-cellulose ether.
I-ether ye-cellulose kumashishini amaninzi amashishini asezantsi kwiindleko zemveliso zincinci, kodwa umgangatho wemveliso mkhulu.Amaqela abathengi abaphakathi kunye nabaphezulu ekusetyenzisweni kwemodeli ye-ether ye-cellulose ngaphambili, ukuya kuvavanyo lwefomula.Emva kokwenza ifomyula ezinzileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo akulula ukutshintsha ezinye iimpawu zeemveliso, kodwa kwakhona ukubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zozinzo lwekhwalithi ye-cellulose ether.Lo mcimbi ubalasele ngakumbi kumashishini okwakha asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe amakhulu okuvelisa, izincedisi zamayeza, izongezo zokutya, i-PVC kunye namanye amasimi aphezulu.Ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhuphisana kweemveliso, abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ukunikezelwa kweebhetshi ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose ether kunokugcina ukuzinza komgangatho, ukwenzela ukuba benze idumela elingcono lemarike.
(2) Ukuphucula umgangatho wobugcisa besicelo semveliso lukhokelo lophuhliso lwamashishini e-ether cellulose yasekhaya
Kwimeko yeteknoloji yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether iya ikhula ngokukhula, inqanaba eliphezulu letekhnoloji yesicelo lifanelekile kumashishini ukunyusa ukhuphiswano olubanzi, ukwakhiwa kobudlelwane obuzinzileyo nabathengi.Amashishini e-cellulose ether awaziwayo kumazwe aphuhlileyo ikakhulu amkela isicwangciso sokukhuphisana "sokujongana nabathengi abakhulu abakwisiphelo esiphezulu + uphuhliso lokusetyenziswa kwe-ether esezantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa", ukuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kunye nokusetyenziswa kwefomula, kunye nokuqwalasela uluhlu lweemveliso ngokwezahlulo ezahlukeneyo. imimandla yesicelo ukuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwabathengi, kunye nokulima imfuno yemarike esezantsi.Ukhuphiswano lwamashishini e-cellulose ether kumazwe aphuhlileyo luye lwangena kwintsimi yeteknoloji yesicelo kwimveliso.
Isishwankathelo: I-Cellulose ether, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "industrial MONOsodium glutamate", ineenzuzo zokusetyenziswa okubanzi, i-dosage yeyunithi encinci, isiphumo esihle sokuguqulwa, ubuhlobo obungqongileyo kunye nokunye.Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto zokwakha, amayeza, ukutya, impahla, ikhemikhali yemihla ngemihla, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroleum, imigodi, ukwenza iphepha, ukusabela kwepolymerization kunye ne-aerospace kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-07-2022