I-Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer: I-Plasticizer yokugqibela yeConcrete

Isishwankathelo

Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer(i-PCE) yi-admixture ephezulu yokunciphisa amanzi (HRWR) esetyenziselwa ikhonkrithi ukunyusa ukusebenza, ukunciphisa umxholo wamanzi, kunye nokuphucula amandla kunye nokuqina. Njengeplasticizer yesizukulwana esitsha, i-PCE ithathe indawo enkulu ye-superplasticizers yendabuko efana ne-naphthalene sulfonates kunye ne-lignosulfonates ngenxa yobuchule bayo bokusasaza, ukugcinwa kwexesha elide, kunye nokuhambelana nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesamente. Eli phepha libonelela ngophononongo olubanzi lwe-PCE, kubandakanywa ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali, indlela yokusebenza, inzuzo, izicelo, imingeni, kunye neendlela ezizayo.

1. Intshayelelo

1.1 Yintoni iPlastiki kwiConcrete?

I-plasticizer yongezelela imichiza ephucula ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi ngokunciphisa umthamo wamanzi ngelixa ugcina okanye ukwandisa ukuhamba. Iiplastiki zihlelwa ngokwezi:

• Iiplastiki eziqhelekileyo (ukunciphisa amanzi ukuya kwi-15%)

• Ii-Superplasticizers (HRWRs) (ukunciphisa amanzi phakathi kwe-20-40%)

1.2 Yintoni iPolycarboxylate Superplasticizer (PCE)?

I-Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer yi-superplasticizer esebenza kakhulu eyongeza ukusasazwa kwesamente kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngelixa igcina ukusebenza kakuhle. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumandla aphezulu, ukudibanisa, kunye ne-ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC).

1.3 Ukubaluleka kwePCE kwiTekhnoloji yeConcrete yanamhlanje

Ngoshishino lokwakha olufuna ukomelela, ukuqina, kunye nekhonkrithi ezinzileyo, iPCE idlala indima ebalulekileyo:

• Izakhiwo eziphakamileyo kunye neebhulorho

• Ikhonkrithi ezenzelayo (SCC)

• I-precast kwaye ilungele ukuxuba ikhonkrithi

• Iziseko zophuhliso ezifuna ukuqina okuphezulu

1.4 I-Evolution ye-Superplasticizers

Ukuphuhliswa kwee-superplasticizers kuye kwavela kwizizukulwana ezahlukeneyo:

1. Isizukulwana sokuqala - iLignosulfonates

2. Isizukulwana sesibini - Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) kunye ne-sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF)

3. IsiZukulwana sesithathu-iPolycarboxylate-based superplasticizers (PCE)

PCEinikeza ukucuthwa kwamanzi okuphezulu, ukugcinwa kwexesha elide, kunye nokuhambelana okuphuculweyo kunye nemathiriyeli yesamente, iyenza ibe yeyona plastiki isebenzayo namhlanje.

2. Ukubunjwa kweMichiza kunye neNdlela yokuSebenza ye-PCE

2.1 Ulwakhiwo lweMichiza yePCE

I-PCE yenziwe:

• Umqolo wepolycarboxylate obophelela kumasuntswana esamente.

• Amatyathanga asecaleni (i-polyethylene glycol okanye iikhompawundi ezifanayo) ezibonelela ngesithintelo se-steric ukuthintela i-flocculation.

2.2 INkqubo yokuSebenza

I-PCE isebenza ngokuyintloko ngeendlela ezimbini:

2.2.1 I-Electrostatic Repulsion

Amaqela e-carboxylate (-COO⁻) kwiimolekyuli ze-PCE adsorb phezu kwendawo yeengqungquthela zesamente, angenise iintlawulo ezingalunganga ezigxotha omnye nomnye, ukuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwee-particle aggregation.

2.2.2 Umphumo woMqobo oSteririki

Amakhonkco amade amade adala umqobo womzimba phakathi kweengqungquthela zesamente, ukuthintela ukuphinda kuhlanganiswe kunye nokuphucula ukusabalalisa.

Ezi ziphumo zikhokelela ekubeni:

• Ukonyuka kwamanzi ngaphandle kokongeza amanzi angaphezulu.

• Ukuhanjiswa kwesamente ngcono kukhokelela ekomelezeni okuphuculweyo kunye nokuqina.

• Ukugcinwa kokudodobala okude kokusebenza okwandisiweyo.

3. Izinto eziluncedo zePolycarboxylate Superplasticizer

3.1 UkuNcitshiswa kwaManzi aphezulu

I-PCE yenza ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% yokunciphisa amanzi, ukunciphisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wamanzi ukuya kwi-cement (W / C) ngelixa ugcina ukuhamba.

3.2 Ukomelezwa kokuSebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwe-Slump

Ikhonkrithi eguquliweyo ye-PCE igcina ukusebenza kwayo ngaphezu kweeyure ze-2, iyenza ilungele ukuxutywa okukulungeleyo kunye nezicelo ze-precast.

3.3 Ukonyuka ukomelela kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide

Ngamanzi amancinci, i-PCE iphucula:

• Amandla okucinezela kwangoko kwimijikelo yokwakha ekhawulezayo.

• Amandla okugqibela osetyenziso olunomthwalo ophezulu.

• Ukuqina, ukunciphisa ukucutheka, ukuqhekeka, kunye nokungena.

3.4 UkuNcitshiswa kokuNcitshiswa kunye nokuQonda

Isiqulatho samanzi asezantsi sinciphisa ukomisa ukushwabana kunye nokurhubuluza, ukuthintela iintanda ekuhambeni kwexesha.

3.5 IiNzuzo zokusiNgqongileyo nezoQoqosho

I-PCE inciphisa imfuno ye-samente, ukusika ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ kunye neendleko zempahla, igalelo ekwakhiweni okuzinzileyo.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kwePolycarboxylate Superplasticizer

4.1 i-High-Performance Concrete (HPC)

I-HPC, ifuna amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina, ixhomekeke kwi-PCE ngokulinganisela kwesamente yamanzi.

4.2 I-Concrete eZihlanganiselayo (SCC)

I-PCE ivumela i-SCC ukuba ihambe phantsi kobunzima bayo, isusa isidingo sokungcangcazela ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuhambelana okufanayo.

4.3 Ikhonkrithi yangaphambili

Kwikhonkrithi ye-precast, i-PCE iqinisekisa ukufumana amandla ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ixesha lokudiliza kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

4.4 Ikhonkrithi ePhezulu ePhezulu (UHPC)

I-UHPC, esetyenziswe kwiindawo ezixinzelelekileyo, izibonelelo ezivela kwi-PCE yokunciphisa umxholo wamanzi ngelixa igcina ukusebenza.

4.5 I-Ready-Mix Concrete

I-PCE iqinisekisa ukuthuthwa komgama omde, ukugcina ikhonkrithi isebenza ixesha elide.

5. Impembelelo yePCE kwiiPropati zeConcrete

5.1 IiPropati zeConcrete eNtsha

• Ukuhamba okuphuculweyo kokubekwa lula.

• Ukusebenza okwandisiweyo ngaphandle kokwahlula okanye ukopha.

• Ixesha lokumisela elilawulwayo, elinokulungiswa kunye neeretarders okanye i-accelerators.

5.2 Iipropati zeConcrete eQingqiweyo

• Amandla aphezulu oxinzelelo kunye nokuqina.

• Ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa, ukuphucula ukuchasana nemijikelo yokuqhaqhazela kunye nokuhlaselwa kwesulfate.

• Ukunciphisa i-shrinkage kunye ne-creep, ukukhusela ukuguqulwa kwexesha elide.

6. Ukuhambelana kwe-PCE kunye nezinye ii-Admixtures

6.1 IiMathiriyeli ezongezelelweyo zeCementitious (SCMs)

I-PCE iyahambelana nothuthu lwempukane, i-slag, kunye ne-silica fume, iphucula ukusebenza kwabo kwakhona kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi.

6.2 Ukudibana nezinye izixube

• Abajongi bandisa ixesha lokumisela xa kuyimfuneko.

• Ii-accelerators zikhawulezisa ukufumana amandla kwiiprojekthi ezikhawulezayo.

• Iiarhente zokuNgenisa umoya (AEAs) ziphucula ukuxhathisa ukunyibilika komkhenkce kodwa zifuna uhlengahlengiso ngononophelo lwedosi.

7. Imingeni kunye neMida

7.1 Imiba yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo

Ukugqithiswa kwe-PCE kunokubangela ukulibaziseka okugqithisileyo, ulwahlulo, okanye ukopha.

7.2 Uvakalelo kuNqulo lwesamente

Ukusebenza kwe-PCE kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesamente, ukucoleka, kunye nokubunjwa kwamaminerali, okudinga ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwesicelo.

7.3 Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko

I-PCE ibiza kakhulu kuneeplastiki eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kunye neenzuzo zexesha elide zithethelela iindleko.

8. IiNdlela zekamva kunye nezinto ezintsha

8.1 Ii-Admixtures ezihlakaniphile kunye nee-PCE eziphendulayo

Ukuqulunqwa okutsha kuvumela ukulungelelaniswa kwexesha langempela kwi-fluidity kunye nexesha lokumisela ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo.

8.2 I-Bio-Based and Eco-Friendly Superplasticizers

Uphando lujolise kwiindlela ezizezinye ze-PCE ezinokuguquguquka ukuze kuncitshiswe ngakumbi impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

8.3 IiPCE eziHlengisiweyo zeNano

I-Nanotechnology isetyenziselwa ukomeleza ukusasazwa kwamasuntswana esamente kunye nokwandisa amanzi.

Polycarboxylate Superplasticizeryeyona plasticizer isebenzayo kwikhonkrithi yanamhlanje, enikezela:

• Ukucuthwa kwamanzi okuphezulu

• Ukomelezwa kokusebenza kunye namandla

• Izisombululo ze-Eco-friendly kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo

Ngaphandle kwemingeni emincinci, i-PCE ihlala iyi-superplasticizer ekhethiweyo yokusebenza okuphezulu, ehlala ixesha elide, kunye nezicelo ezizinzileyo zekhonkrithi. Inkqubela phambili yexesha elizayo iya kuqhubeleka ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo, iguqula ngakumbi ishishini lokwakha.