I-Cellulose ether kwimbonakalo ye-ettringite yokuqala

Iziphumo ze-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether kunye ne-methyl cellulose ether kwimo ye-ettringite kwi-slurry yesamente yokuqala zifundwe nge-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wobude nobubanzi beekristale ze-ettringite kwi-slurry eguqulweyo ye-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether uncinci kune-slurry eqhelekileyo, kwaye imo yekristale ze-ettringite ifana nenduku emfutshane. Umlinganiselo wobude nobubanzi beekristale ze-ettringite kwi-slurry eguqulweyo ye-methyl cellulose ether mkhulu kune-slurry eqhelekileyo, kwaye imo yekristale ze-ettringite yi-needle-rod. Iikristale ze-ettringite kwi-slurry yesamente eqhelekileyo zinomlinganiselo othile phakathi. Ngophando olungasentla, kucacile ngakumbi ukuba umahluko wobunzima beemolekyuli zeentlobo ezimbini ze-ether ye-cellulose yeyona nto ibalulekileyo echaphazela imo ye-ettringite.

Amagama angundoqo:i-ettringite; Umlinganiselo wobude-ububanzi; i-Methyl cellulose ether; i-Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether; imo

I-Ettringite, njengemveliso yokufunxa amanzi kancinci, inefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwekhonkrithi yesamente, kwaye ibisoloko iyindawo ephambili yophando lwezinto ezisekwe kwisamente. I-Ettringite luhlobo lwe-trisulfide type calcium aluminate hydrate, ifomula yayo yekhemikhali yi-[Ca3Al (OH)6·12H2O]2·(SO4)3·2H2O, okanye ingabhalwa njenge-3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O, edla ngokufinyezwa njenge-AFt. Kwinkqubo yesamente yasePortland, i-ettringite yenziwa kakhulu yimpendulo ye-gypsum ene-aluminate okanye iiminerali ze-ferric aluminate, ezidlala indima yokulibazisa ukufunxa amanzi kunye namandla okuqala esamente. Ukwakheka kunye nemo ye-ettringite zichaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi ezifana nobushushu, ixabiso le-pH kunye noxinzelelo lwe-ion. Kwangoko ngo-1976, uMetha et al. Usebenzise i-scanning electron microscopy ukufunda iimpawu ze-AFt, waza wafumanisa ukuba i-morphology yeemveliso zokufunxa amanzi ezinwebe kancinci yayahlukile kancinci xa indawo yokukhula yayinkulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye xa indawo yayincinci. Eyokuqala yayizii-spherules ezincinci ezimile okwentonga yenaliti, ngelixa eyesibini yayiyeyona prism imfutshane enemilo yentonga. Uphando lukaYang Wenyan lufumanise ukuba iifom ze-AFt zahlukile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphilisa. Iindawo ezimanzi zingalibazisa ukuveliswa kwe-AFt kwikhonkrithi eyongeziweyo kwaye zonyuse amathuba okudumba nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo azichaphazeli kuphela ukwakheka kunye nesakhiwo se-AFt, kodwa kunye nokuzinza komthamo wayo. UChen Huxing et al. bafumanise ukuba ukuzinza kwexesha elide kwe-AFt kwehla ngokwanda komxholo we-C3A. UClark noMonteiro et al. bafumanise ukuba ngokwanda koxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo, ulwakhiwo lwekristale ye-AFt lutshintshe ukusuka ngokulandelelana ukuya kwingxaki. UBalonis noGlasser baphonononge utshintsho loxinano lwe-AFm kunye ne-AFt. URenaudin et al. bafunde utshintsho lwesakhiwo se-AFt ngaphambi nasemva kokuntywiliselwa kwisisombululo kunye neeparameter zesakhiwo se-AFt kwi-spectrum yeRaman. UKunther et al. bafunde isiphumo sokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-CSH gel calcium-silicon ratio kunye ne-sulfate ion kuxinzelelo lwe-AFt crystallization yi-NMR. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwe-AFt kwizinto ezisekwe kwisamente, uWenk et al. bafunde ukujongwa kwe-AFt crystal yecandelo lekhonkrithi ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokugqiba i-X-ray diffraction ye-synchrotron radiation eqinileyo. Ukwakheka kwe-AFt kwisamente exutyiweyo kunye nendawo yophando ye-ettringite kuhlolisisiwe. Ngokusekelwe kwimpendulo ye-ettringite ebambezelekileyo, abanye abaphengululi benze uphando oluninzi ngesizathu sesigaba se-AFt.

Ukwanda komthamo okubangelwa kukwenziwa kwe-ettringite ngamanye amaxesha kuyathandeka, kwaye kunokusebenza "njengokwandiswa" okufana ne-magnesium oxide expansion agent ukugcina uzinzo lomthamo wezinto ezisekwe kwisamente. Ukongezwa kwe-polymer emulsion kunye ne-redispersible emulsion powder kutshintsha iipropati ezinkulu zezinto ezisekwe kwisamente ngenxa yemiphumo yazo ebalulekileyo kwisakhiwo sezinto ezisekwe kwisamente. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo ne-redispersible emulsion powder ephucula kakhulu ipropathi yokubopha ye-hardwood mortar, i-water-soluble polymer cellulose ether (CE) inika i-mortar exutyiweyo entsha ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nefuthe lokutyeba, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza. I-non-ionic CE isetyenziswa rhoqo, kubandakanya i-methyl cellulose (MC), i-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC),i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), njl., kwaye i-CE idlala indima kwi-mortar esandul’ ukuxuba kodwa ikwachaphazela inkqubo yokufunxa amanzi kwi-slurry yesamente. Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-HEMC itshintsha ubungakanani be-AFt eveliswa njengemveliso yokufunxa amanzi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zifundo ziye zathelekisa ngokucwangcisiweyo isiphumo se-CE kwi-morphology ye-microscopic ye-AFt, ngoko ke eli phepha lihlola umahluko wesiphumo se-HEMC kunye ne-MC kwi-morphology ye-microscopic ye-ettringham kwi-slurry yesamente yokuqala (yosuku olunye) ngohlalutyo lomfanekiso kunye nokuthelekisa.

1. Uvavanyo

1.1 Izinto ezisetyenziswa gwenxa

Isamente yePortland ye-P·II 52.5R eyenziwe yi-Anhui Conch Cement Co., LTD ikhethwe njengesamente kolu vavanyo. Ii-ether ezimbini ze-cellulose yi-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) kunye ne-methylcellulose (methylcellulose, iShanghai Sinopath Group) ngokwahlukeneyo. MC); Amanzi okuxuba ngamanzi epompo.

1.2 Iindlela zovavanyo

Umlinganiselo wamanzi nesamente kwisampulu yentlama yesamente yayiyi-0.4 (umlinganiselo wobunzima bamanzi kwisamente), kwaye umxholo we-cellulose ether yayiyi-1% yobunzima besamente. Ukulungiswa kwesampulu kwenziwe ngokwe-GB1346-2011 “Indlela yoVavanyo lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukuseta ixesha kunye nokuzinza kokuhambelana okuqhelekileyo kwesamente”. Emva kokwenza isampulu, ifilimu yeplastiki yafakwa kumphezulu wesikhunta ukuthintela ukufuma kwamanzi angaphezulu kunye nokufakwa kwekhabhoni, kwaye isampulu yabekwa kwigumbi lokuphilisa elinobushushu obuyi-(20±2)℃ kunye nomswakama ohambelanayo we-(60±5)%. Emva kosuku olu-1, isikhunta sasuswa, kwaye isampulu yaphuka, emva koko isampulu encinci yathathwa embindini yaza yafakwa kwi-anhydrous ethanol ukuze kupheliswe ukufuma, kwaye isampulu yakhutshwa yaza yomiswa ngaphambi kovavanyo. Iisampulu ezomileyo zancamathiselwa kwitafile yesampulu nge-conductive double-side adhesive, kwaye umaleko wefilimu yegolide watshizwa kumphezulu yiCressington 108auto automatic ion sputtering instrument. Umsinga wokutshiza wawuyi-20 mA kwaye ixesha lokutshiza laliyimizuzwana engama-60. I-FEI QUANTAFEG 650 environmental Scanning electron Microscope (ESEM) yasetyenziswa ukujonga iimpawu ze-AFt kwicandelo lesampulu. Imo ye-electron yesibini ye-vacuum ephezulu yasetyenziswa ukujonga i-AFT. I-voltage yokukhawulezisa yayiyi-15 kV, ububanzi be-beam spot yayiyi-3.0 nm, kwaye umgama wokusebenza wawulawulwa malunga ne-10 mm.

2. Iziphumo kunye nengxoxo

Imifanekiso ye-SEM ye-ettringite kwi-slurry yesamente eguqulwe yi-HEMC eqinileyo ibonise ukuba ukukhula kwe-orientation ye-Ca (OH)2(CH) eneengqimba kwakucacile, kwaye i-AFt ibonise ukuqokelelwa okungaqhelekanga kwe-AFt emfutshane efana nenduku, kwaye i-AFT emfutshane efana nenduku yayigqunywe yisakhiwo se-membrane se-HEMC. UZhang Dongfang nabanye bafumanise ne-AFt emfutshane efana nenduku xa bebona utshintsho lwesakhiwo se-microstructure ye-slurry yesamente eguqulwe yi-HEMC nge-ESEM. Babekholelwa ukuba i-slurry eqhelekileyo yesamente isabela ngokukhawuleza emva kokudibana namanzi, ngoko ke i-AFt crystal yayincinci, kwaye ukwandiswa kwexesha lokufuma kwakhokelela ekunyukeni okuqhubekayo komlinganiselo wobude nobubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-HEMC yonyuse i-viscosity yesisombululo, yanciphisa izinga lokubopha kwee-ion kwisisombululo kwaye yalibazisa ukufika kwamanzi kumphezulu wee-clinker particles, ngoko ke umlinganiselo wobude nobubanzi be-AFt wanda ngendlela ebuthathaka kwaye iimpawu zayo zemo zibonisa imo emfutshane efana nenduku. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-AFt kwi-slurry yesamente eqhelekileyo yeminyaka efanayo, le ngcamango iqinisekiswe ngokuyinxenye, kodwa ayisebenzi ukuchaza utshintsho lwe-morphological lwe-AFt kwi-slurry yesamente eguquliweyo ye-MC. Imifanekiso ye-SEM ye-ettridite kwi-slurry yesamente eguquliweyo ye-MC yosuku olu-1 ikwabonise ukukhula okujolise kwi-Ca(OH)2 eneengqimba, ezinye iindawo ze-AFt nazo zigqunywe yisakhiwo sefilimu ye-MC, kwaye i-AFt ibonise iimpawu ze-morphological zokukhula kweqela. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa, i-crystal ye-AFt kwi-slurry yesamente eguquliweyo ye-MC inomlinganiselo omkhulu wobude kunye ne-morphology encinci, ebonisa i-morphology eqhelekileyo ye-acicular.

Zombini i-HEMC kunye ne-MC zilibazise inkqubo yokuqala yokufunxa isamente kwaye zonyusa i-viscosity yesisombululo, kodwa umahluko kwiimpawu ze-AFt morphological ezibangelwe zizo wawusabalulekile. Ezi zinto zingasentla zinokuchazwa ngakumbi ngokwembono yesakhiwo se-molecular se-cellulose ether kunye nesakhiwo sekristale se-AFt. URenaudin et al. bamanzisa i-AFt eyenziweyo kwisisombululo se-alkali esilungisiweyo ukuze bafumane "i-AFt emanzi", baza bayisusa kancinci baze bayomise phezu kwesisombululo seCaCl2 esigcweleyo (35% yomswakama ohambelanayo) ukuze bafumane "i-AFt eyomileyo". Emva kophando lokuhlaziya isakhiwo yiRaman spectroscopy kunye ne-X-ray powder diffraction, kwafunyaniswa ukuba akukho mahluko phakathi kwezi zakhiwo zimbini, kuphela kwicala lokwakheka kwekristale yeeseli elitshintshileyo kwinkqubo yokomisa, oko kukuthi, kwinkqubo yokutshintsha kwendalo ukusuka "emanzi" ukuya "eyomileyo", iikristale ze-AFt zenze iiseli kwicala eliqhelekileyo le-a kancane kancinci. Iikristale ze-AFt kwicala eliqhelekileyo le-c zaba zincinci kakhulu. Eyona yunithi isisiseko yendawo enemilinganiselo emithathu yenziwe ngumgca oqhelekileyo, umgca oqhelekileyo we-b kunye nomgca oqhelekileyo we-c othe nkqo omnye komnye. Kwimeko apho ii-b normals zilungisiwe, iikristale ze-AFt ziqokelelene ngokwee-normals, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho i-cell cross section eyandisiweyo kwi-ab normals. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-HEMC "igcina" amanzi amaninzi kune-MC, indawo "eyomileyo" inokwenzeka kwindawo ekufutshane, ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-lateral kunye nokukhula kweekristale ze-AFt. UPatural et al. bafumanise ukuba kwi-CE ngokwayo, kokukhona inqanaba le-polymerization liphezulu (okanye ubunzima be-molecular bukhulu), kokukhona i-viscosity ye-CE inkulu kwaye kokukhona ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuphucuka. Ulwakhiwo lweemolekyuli ze-HEMCs kunye ne-MCS luxhasa le ngcamango, kunye neqela le-hydroxyethyl elinobunzima be-molecular obukhulu kakhulu kuneqela le-hydrogen.

Ngokubanzi, iikristale ze-AFt ziya kwakheka kwaye zivuthuze kuphela xa ii-ion ezifanelekileyo zifikelela kumlinganiselo othile kwinkqubo yesisombululo. Ke ngoko, izinto ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwe-ion, ubushushu, ixabiso le-pH kunye nendawo yokwakheka kwisisombululo sokusabela zinokuchaphazela kakhulu imo yeekristale ze-AFt, kwaye utshintsho kwiimeko zokwenziwa kwezinto ezingezizo zinokutshintsha imo yeekristale ze-AFt. Ke ngoko, umlinganiselo weekristale ze-AFt kwi-slurry eqhelekileyo yesamente phakathi kwezi zimbini unokubangelwa yinto enye yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ekufakweni kwesamente kwangoko. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko kwimo yeekristale ze-AFt obangelwa yi-HEMC kunye ne-MC kufuneka ube ngenxa yendlela yazo ekhethekileyo yokugcina amanzi. IiHemcs kunye ne-MCS zenza "umjikelo ovaliweyo" wokuthutha amanzi ngaphakathi kwe-microzone ye-slurry yesamente entsha, okuvumela "ixesha elifutshane" apho amanzi "kulula ukungena kwaye kunzima ukuphuma." Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, imeko yesigaba solwelo ngaphakathi nakufutshane ne-microzone nayo iyatshintsha. Izinto ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwe-ion, i-pH, njl.njl., Utshintsho lwemeko yokukhula lubonakala ngakumbi kwiimpawu zemo yeekristale ze-AFt. Olu "ludwe luvaliweyo" lokuthuthwa kwamanzi lufana nendlela yokusebenza echazwe nguPourchez et al. HPMC edlala indima ekugcinweni kwamanzi.

3. Isiphelo

(1) Ukongezwa kwe-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) kunye ne-methyl cellulose ether (MC) kunokutshintsha kakhulu imo ye-ettringite ekuqaleni (kosuku olu-1) kwe-slurry eqhelekileyo yesamente.

(2) Ubude kunye nobubanzi bekristale ye-ettringite kwi-slurry yesamente eguquliweyo ye-HEMC zincinci kwaye zimfutshane; Umlinganiselo wobude kunye nobubanzi beekristale ze-ettringite kwi-slurry yesamente eguquliweyo ye-MC mkhulu, ofana nomfanekiso we-needle-rod. Iikristale ze-ettringite kwi-slurry yesamente eqhelekileyo zinomlinganiselo wombono phakathi kwezi zimbini.

(3) Iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zee-ethers ezimbini ze-cellulose kwi-morphology ye-ettringite ngokuyintloko zibangelwa ngumahluko kubunzima beemolekyuli.