Metsoako ea Konkreite: Mefuta, Mesebetsi, le Lisebelisoa

Selelekela

Konkreite ke mokokotlo oa meaho ea sejoale-joale, e etsang motheo oa meaho, litsela, marokho, lithanele, matamo le tse ling. Tšebeliso ea eona e atileng e amahanngoa le matla a eona a phahameng a khatello, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, le ho baballa litšenyehelo. metsoako ea motheo ea konkreite—samente, metsi, le li-aggregate—hangata li hloka ho lokisoa ho fihlela litlhoko tse itseng tsa tšebetso le tikoloho. Ke hona moometsoako ea konkreitephetha karolo ea bohlokoa.

Metsoako ea konkreiteke lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho kapa tse entsoeng kapa li-additives tse kenyelletsoeng motsoako oa konkreite pele kapa nakong ea ho kopanya ho fetola thepa ea eona sebakeng se secha kapa se thata. Li sebelisetsoa ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso, ho beha nako, matla, ho tšoarella, ho hanyetsa ho pepeseha ha tikoloho, esita le botle ba botle. Moqoqo ona o shebisisa karohano, mekhoa, melemo le ts'ebeliso ea li-admixtures, 'me e fana ka pono e qaqileng ea karolo ea bona ea bohlokoahali ea kaho ea sejoale-joale.

Sehlopha saMetsoako ea Konkreite

Li-admixtures hangata li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli e meholo:

1. Metsoako ea Lik'hemik'hale

Tsena ke lik'hemik'hale tse qhibilihang ka metsing tse fetolang boitšoaro ba konkreite. Mefuta e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa:

• Metsoako e fokotsang metsi

• Metsoako ea morao

• Ho potlakisa metsoako

• Li-superplasticizers (li fokotsa metsi a mangata)

• Ho kenya moeabaemeli

• Corrosion inhibitors

• Metsoako e fokotsang ho honyela

• Alkali-silika reaction inhibitors

2. Metsoako ea Mineral (kapa Supplementary Cementitious).

Tsena ke lisebelisoa tse ntle, hangata e le lihlahisoa tsa indasteri, tse nkelang karolo ea samente ea Portland sebaka:

• Fofa molora

• Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)

• Mosi oa silika

• Metakaolin

• Molora oa lekhapetla la raese

Metsoako ea Lik'hemik'hale le Mesebetsi ea Tsona

1. Metsoako e Fokotsang Metsi

Morero: Ho fokotsa metsi ka har'a motsoako oa konkreite ntle le ho ama ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi.

Mefuta:

• Tloaelehileng: Fokotsa metsi ka 5–10%

• Boemo bo bohareng: Fokotsa metsi ka 6–12%

• Boemo bo phahameng (Li-superplasticizers): Fokotsa metsi ka 30%

Metsoako e Tloaelehileng:

• Lignosulfonates

• Naphthalene sulfonates

• Polycarboxylate ethers (PCEs)

Lisebelisoa:

• Ho itokiselitse ho kopanya konkreite

• Lintho tse entsoeng esale pele

• Konkreite ea ts'ebetso e phahameng

Melemo:

• Matla a eketsehileng

• Ho kenella ka tlase

• E ntlafetseng nako e telele

2. Li-admixtures tsa morao-rao

Morero: Ho fokotsa nako ea ho beha konkreite.

E sebelisoa ho:

• Mocheso oa leholimo oa concreting

• Litšelo tse kholo

• Meetso e rarahaneng

Mehlala:

• Tsoekere

• Li-phosphonate

• Hydroxycarboxylic acid

Melemo:

• E thibela manonyeletso a batang

• E matlafatsa ho phetheha

• E lumella lipalangoang tse atolositsoeng

3. Ho Potlakisa Metsoako

Mosebetsi: Potlakisa ntshetsopele ya matla pele ho nako.

Mehlala:

• Calcium chloride (le hoja tšebeliso e fokolang ka lebaka la kotsi ea ho bola)

• Calcium nitrate

• Thiocyanate ea sodium

Lisebelisoa:

• Botenya bo batang

• Mosebetsi oa ho lokisa kapele

• Ho etsoa ha konkreite ea precast

Hlokomela: Li-accelerator tse se nang chloride li khethoa ka konkreite e matlafalitsoeng ho thibela ho bola ha tšepe.

4. Li-superplasticizers

Tlhaloso: Lisebelisoa tsa metsi tse phahameng tse fanang ka phokotso e kholo ea metsi ntle le tahlehelo ea ho sebetsa.

Metsoako:

• Polycarboxylate ethers

• Metsoako e entsoeng ka melamine

Lisebelisoa:

• Konkreite e matla e phahameng

• Konkreite e ikemetseng (SCC)

• Konkreite e pompetsoeng

Melemo:

• Keketseho ya metsi ntle le karohano

• Qetello e ntlafalitsoeng ea bokaholimo

• Konkreite e teteaneng ebile e tšoarella

5. Li-Admixtures tse matlafatsang moea

Morero: Hlahisa libubble tsa moea tse sa bonahaleng ka har'a konkreite.

Mosebetsi:

• Ntlafatsa khanyetso ea leqhoa

• Ntlafatsa ts'ebetso

• Fokotsa ho tsoa mali le ho arohana

Lisebelisoa:

• Likatoana

• Likamore tsa borokho

• Konkreite e pepesitsoeng libakeng tse batang

Liemeli Tse Sebelisitsoeng:

• Resin ea Vinsol

• Li-acid tse mafura

• Li-hydrocarbon tse nang le sulfonated

6. Corrosion Inhibitors

Mosebetsi: Sireletsa matla a tšepe a kentsoeng ho senya.

Mefuta e Tloaelehileng:

• Calcium nitrite

• Li-inhibitors tse thehiloeng ho zinki

• Organic corrosion inhibitors

Lisebelisoa:

• Mehaho ea metsing

• Marokho a litsela tse kholo

• Likarabo tsa ho paka

7. Metsoako e Fokotsang ho Honyela (SRAs)

Mosebetsi: Fokotsa ho omisa shrinkage le ho petsoha ho amanang.

Mokhoa: Khatello e tlase ea metsi ka har'a li-capillaries.

Lisebelisoa:

• Li-slabs ka sehlopheng

• Toppings

• Litho tsa sebopeho li pepesehetse maemo a ho omisa

8. Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Inhibitors

Morero: Fokotsa katoloso e bakoang ke karabelo pakeng tsa alkalis ka samente le silika e sebetsang ka bongata.

Metsoako:

• Lithium nitrate

• Lisebelisoa tsa Pozzolanic tse tlamang alkalis

Metsoako ea Liminerale (SCMs)

1. Fofa Molora

Tšimoloho: Sehlahisoa sa ho chesoa ke mashala lifemeng tsa motlakase.

Lihlopha:

• Sehlopha sa F: Khalsiamo e tlase

• Sehlopha sa C: Khalsiamo e phahameng

Melemo:

• E ntlafatsa ts'ebetso

• E matlafatsa nako e telele

• E fokotsa mocheso oa hydration

2. Silika Mosi

Mohloli: Ka-sehlahisoa sa tšepe ea silicon kapa tlhahiso ea motsoako oa ferrosilicon.

Thepa:

• E ntle haholo (100x e ntle ho feta samente)

• Ts'ebetso e phahameng ea pozzolanic

Lisebelisoa:

• Konkreite e matla e phahameng

• Likamore tsa borokho

• Mehaho ea metsing

3. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)

Tšimoloho: Sehlahisoa se entsoeng ka tšepe.

Melemo:

• Ho hanyetsa sulfate e phahameng

• E ntlafatsa matla a nako e telele

• E khantša 'mala oa konkreite (o molemo lits'ebetsong tsa meralo)

4. Metakaolin

E hlahisoa ke: Ho hloekisa letsopa la kaolin.

Melemo:

• Reactivity e phahameng

• E ntlafatsa matla le ho qetela

• E fokotsa efflorescence

5. Molora oa Rice Husk

Mohloli: Sehlahisoa sa litšila tsa temo

Sebelisa:

• Konkreite e nang le tikoloho

• E ntlafatsa ho se khonehe

• E fokotsa ho tsoa mali

Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso

1. Karabelo ea Pozzolanic: Silika ka metsoako ea liminerale e sebetsana le calcium hydroxide ho theha CSH e eketsehileng (calcium silicate hydrate), motsoako o ka sehloohong o fanang ka matla.

2. Ho hasana ha likaroloana tsa samente: Superplasticizers fokotsa flocculation, eketsa holim'a metsi le hydration.

3. Lipokotho tsa Moea tse Kentsoeng: Etsa li-micro-chambers tse monyang khatello ea katoloso ho tsoa metsing a leqhoa.

4. Tšitiso ea Lik'hemik'hale: Metsoako e meng e sitisa kapa e potlakisa tšebetso ea hydration ho fetola boitšoaro ba maemo.

Melemo ea ho Sebelisa Metsoako

• E ntlafalitsoebokgoni ba ho sebetsa

• Beteredurabilitylekhanyetsoho dibaka tse thata

• Fokotsoekaro-karolelano ea samente ea metsi(e ntlafatsa matla)

• Ho laola nako(ho beha le ho thatafatsa)

• Litsenyehelo tse sebetsang hantle ka hophokotso ea samente

• Mekhoa e meng ea tikoloho (kaho e tsitsitseng)

Mathata le Mefokolo

• Mathata a ho lumellanapakeng tsa metsoako le samente

• Likotsi tsa tšebeliso e feteletseng(e ka fokotsa matla kapa ea baka tieho ea ho seta)

• Litšenyehelo tsa litšenyehelo, haholo-holo ka metsoako e tsoetseng pele

• Mathata a tikolohoka metsoako e meng ea maiketsetso

• Taolo ea bolengle tlhoko ea moralo o nepahetseng oa motsoako

Likopo Tse Ts'ebetsong

1. Merero ea Meaho

• Matamo, lithanele, litsela tse kholo, le litselana tsa lifofane li sebelisa metsoako e tšoarellang bakeng sa ho tšoarella, ho laola maqhoa le bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso.

2. Mehaho e Phahameng

• Li-superplasticizers le li-retarders li thusa ho behoa ha konkreite libakeng tse phahameng le ho fokotsa manonyeletso a batang.

3. Mehaho ea Leoatle le Lebopo

• Corrosion inhibitors le li-air-entraining agents li thusa ho loantša libaka tse mabifi tse tletseng chloride.

4. Precast Concrete

• Li-accelerator le lisebelisoa tse fokotsang metsi li potlakisa potoloho ea tlhahiso le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bokaholimo.

5. Litšela tsa Konkreite tse ngata

• Li-retarders le metsoako ea liminerale li fokotsa li-gradients tsa mocheso le mapheo a bakoang ke shrinkage.

Moshoelella le Kaho e Tala

Metsoako ea konkreite e kenya letsoho haholo hokaho e tsitsitseng:

• Fokotsatšebeliso ea samente, ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea carbon.

• Ntlafatsabolele ba bophelo, ho fokotsa tlhoko ea ho lokisoa.

• Lumella tšebeliso ealihlahisoa tsa indasteri(mm, fofa molora, slag).

• Ts'ehetso ea nts'etsopele eakonkreite e tlase ea khabone.

Li-Admixtures li tsamaisana le litifikeiti tsa moaho o motala joalo kaLEEDlePHOMPHO.

Mekhoa ea Bokamoso le Litlhahiso

1. Metsoako e Ipholisang

• Kenyelletsa li-microcapsules kapa libaktheria tse sebetsanang le mapetsong 'me u li tiise ka boikemelo.

2. Nano-Admixtures

• Sebelisa li-nanoparticles tse kang nano-silica ho ntlafatsa microstructure le thepa ea mechine.

3. Li-Admixtures tse bohlale

• Li-sensor tse kentsoeng ka har'a li-admixtures tse ka tlalehang data ea nako ea nnete mabapi le khatello ea maikutlo, khatello le mocheso.

4. Konkreite ea Khatiso ea 3D

• E hloka li-admixtures tse phallang haholo le tse setang kapele bakeng sa ho beha ka nepo.

5. Li-Admixtures tse nkang Carbon

• Lintlafatso li ntse li tsoela pele ho tšoasa CO₂ ka har'a konkreite nakong ea ho phekola, ho fokotsa mesi.

Metsoako ea konkreiteba fetotse kaho ea sejoale-joale ka ho etsa hore ho be le konkreite e matla, e tšoarellang haholoanyane, le e tšoarellang haholoanyane. Ho tloha ho lintlafatso tsa mantlha tsa ho sebetsa ho ea ho bokhoni bo tsoetseng pele ba ho iphekola, li-admixtures li lokisa konkreite ho fihlela litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa sebopeho le tikoloho. Ha tsoelo-pele ea litoropo e ntse e eketseha, 'me pitso ea lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebetso e ntse e hola le ho feta, karolo ea metsoako ho theheng konkreite e sebetsang hantle haholo, e bolokang tikoloho e tla ba ea bohlokoa le ho feta.

Baenjineri, litsebi tsa meralo ea meralo le litsebi tsa kaho ba tlameha ho lula ba ipapisitse le theknoloji ea admixture, ba khetha le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena ka bohlale ho notlolla bokhoni bo felletseng ba konkreite lekholong lena la bo21 la lilemo.