Focus on Cellulose ethers

Isesengura ryinganda za selile

Ether ya selulose (selile ya selile) ikozwe muri selile na reaction ya etherification hamwe nifu yumisha ya kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya etherifying. Ukurikije imiterere yimiti itandukanye ya ether, selile ya selile irashobora kugabanywamo anionic, cationic na non-ionic ether. Ionic selulose ether cyane cyane carboxymethyl selulose ether (CMC); Ether itari ionic selulose ether cyane cyane methyl selulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl selulose ether (HPMC) na hydroxyethyl selulose ether (HC). Ether idafite ionic igabanijwemo amazi ya elegitoronike na eferi-eferi-eferi, ether-ionic water-soluble ether ikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa bya minisiteri. Imbere ya calcium ion, ionic selulose ether idahindagurika, kubwibyo ntibikunze gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bivanze bya minisiteri yumye hamwe na sima, lime hydrated nibindi bikoresho bya sima. Ether ionic water-soluble selulose ether ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi kubera guhagarara kwayo no kubika amazi.

1. Imiterere yimiti ya selulose ether

Buri selile ya selile ifite imiterere yibanze ya selile - imiterere ya glucose idafite umwuma. Muburyo bwo gukora ether ya selile, fibre ya selulose ishyuha mbere yumuti wa alkaline, hanyuma igakorerwa hamwe na etherifying agent. Ibicuruzwa bya fibrous bisukurwa nubutaka kugirango bibe ifu imwe hamwe nubwiza runaka.

Mubikorwa byo kubyara MC, methane chloride yonyine niyo ikoreshwa nka etherifying agent. Umusaruro wa HPMC usibye gukoresha metani chloride, ariko kandi ukoreshe okiside ya propylene kugirango ubone hydroxypropyl insimburangingo. Ether zitandukanye za selile zifite ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusimbuza methyl na hydroxypropyl, bigira ingaruka kumyuka ya selile ya selile hamwe nubushyuhe bwa gel.

2. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibintu bya selile ether

Cellulose ether ni polimeri idafite ionic igice cya sintetike, gushonga amazi no gushonga kabiri, munganda zitandukanye zatewe ninshingano ziratandukanye, nko mubikoresho byubaka imiti, bifite ingaruka zikurikira:

Agent amazi agumana agent agent umubyimba ③ kuringaniza ④ firime ikora ⑤ binder

Mu nganda za PVC, ni emulifier, ikwirakwiza; Mu nganda zimiti, ni ubwoko bwo guhuza no gusohora buhoro buhoro ibikoresho bya skeleton, kubera ko selile ifite ingaruka zitandukanye, bityo rero niwo murima ukoreshwa cyane. Ibikurikira byibanze ku ikoreshwa rya selulose ether mubikoresho bitandukanye byubaka ninshingano.

(1) Mu irangi rya latex:

Mumurongo wamabara ya latex, kugirango uhitemo hydroxyethyl selulose, ibisobanuro rusange byijimye ni RT3000-50000cps, bihuye nibisobanuro bya HBR250, dosiye ikoreshwa ni 1.5 ‰ -2 ‰. Uruhare rwibanze rwa hydroxyethyl mu irangi rya latex ni ukubyimba, gukumira ingirabuzimafatizo, kugira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza pigment, latex, ituze, kandi birashobora kunoza ubwiza bwibigize, bigira uruhare mu mikorere iringaniza yubwubatsi: Hydroxyethyl selulose iroroshye gukoresha, amazi akonje kandi ashyushye arashobora gushonga, kandi ntabwo ahindurwa nagaciro ka PH. Irashobora gukoreshwa neza hagati ya PH agaciro ka 2 na 12. Hifashishijwe uburyo butatu bukurikira: Kuri ubu buryo, hydroxyethyl selulose yatinze hamwe nigihe cyo kumara iminota irenga 30 igomba guhitamo. Uburyo bukurikira: komeza kubyutsa kugeza ibikoresho byose bitose (4) kugirango wifatanye nibindi byongeweho ninyongeramusaruro ya alkaline (5) kubyutsa kugeza hydroxyethyl yose yashonze burundu, ongeramo ibindi bigize formulaire, usya kubicuruzwa byarangiye. , Hamwe na nyina inzoga hou koresha: ubu buryo burashobora guhitamo ubwoko bwihuse, kandi bukagira ingaruka za selile selile. Ibyiza byubu buryo ni ukugira ihinduka rinini, rishobora guhuza irangi rya emulsioni mu buryo butaziguye, gukora uburyo ni kimwe na ① - ④ intambwe ni imwe. . Amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane ni amavuta kama mumyanda ya latx, nka Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol hamwe na firime ikora (nka diethylene glycol butyl acetate), hydroxyethyl selulose ya porojora irashobora kwongerwaho irangi, nyuma yo kongeramo, komeza kubyutsa kugeza bishonge burundu.

(2) Gukuraho urukuta:

Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa buri mu turere twinshi two kurwanya amazi mu mujyi, kurwanya abantu benshi mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije byafatanywe uburemere n’abantu, mu myaka mike ishize, kubera ko ibishishwa bikozwe mu kashe byerekana imyuka yangiza ubuzima bwa muntu, inyubako kole ikozwe muri alcool ya polyvinyl na reaction ya formaldehyde. Ibi bikoresho rero bigenda bikurwaho buhoro buhoro nabantu, kandi gusimbuza ibi bikoresho ni selulose ether yuruhererekane rwibicuruzwa, bivuze ko guteza imbere ibikoresho byubaka ibidukikije, selile ni ubwoko bwonyine bwibikoresho muri iki gihe. Mu mazi adashobora kwihanganira amazi agabanijwemo ifu yumye na putty paste ubwoko bubiri, ubwoko bubiri bwa putty muri rusange hitamo methyl selulose yahinduwe na hydroxypropyl methyl ubwoko bubiri, ibisobanuro bya viscosity mubisanzwe muri 3000-60000cps hagati yabikwiye, muruhare runini rwa selile muri putty ni ukubika amazi, guhuza, gusiga hamwe nizindi ngaruka. Kuberako amata ya putty ya buriwukora atameze kimwe, amwe ni calcium yumukara, calcium yumucyo, sima yera, bimwe ni ifu ya gypsumu, calcium yumukara, calcium yumucyo, nibindi, bityo rero ibisobanuro byijimye hamwe nubucengezi bwa selile ya formula zombi. ntabwo arimwe, umubare rusange wongeyeho ni 2 ‰ -3 ‰ cyangwa. Urukuta rwo kurambirwa no kurambirwa no kubaka abana, urukuta rufite urukuta runaka (urukuta rw'amatafari rw'igipimo cya Bibiliya rwari 13%, beto ni 3-5%), hamwe no guhumeka kw'isi, bityo niba urambiwe umwana gutakaza amazi byihuse, byaviramo gucika cyangwa ibintu nkibimera, kugirango imbaraga za putty zigabanuke, kubwibyo, nyuma yo kwinjira muri selile ya ether izakemura iki kibazo. Ariko ubwiza bwo kuzuza ibikoresho, cyane cyane ubwiza bwa calcium yumukara nabwo ni ngombwa cyane. Kubera ubukonje bwinshi bwa selile, binongera imbaraga zo gushira, kandi birinda ibintu bitemba bimanikwa mubwubatsi, kandi biroroshye kandi bizigama imirimo nyuma yo gusiba. Mu ifu ya poro, selile ya selile igomba kongerwaho muburyo bwuruganda, umusaruro wabyo, gukoresha biroroshye, kuzuza ibikoresho hamwe nifu yumye ifasha irashobora kuvangwa neza, kubaka biroroshye, gukwirakwiza amazi yikibanza, uko bingana nangahe.

(3) Amabuye ya beto:

Muri minisiteri ya beto, rwose igere ku mbaraga zanyuma, igomba gutuma hydrata hydrata reaction rwose, cyane cyane mugihe cyizuba, mukubaka amazi ya beto yatakaje byihuse, ingamba zuzuye zuzuye mugukiza amazi, ubu buryo ni uguta umutungo wamazi kandi imikorere idahwitse, urufunguzo ruri hejuru gusa, amazi na hydrasiya ntabwo biracyari byuzuye, kuburyo rero inzira zo gukemura iki kibazo, Ongeramo umunani selile igumana amazi selile muri beto ya minisiteri kugirango uhitemo hydroxypropyl methyl cyangwa methyl selulose, ibisobanuro bya viscosity muri 20000– 60000cps hagati, ongeramo 2% –3%. Hafi, igipimo cyo gufata amazi kirashobora kwiyongera kugera kuri 85%, muburyo bwa beto ya minisiteri yo gukoresha ifu yumye iringaniye ivanze nyuma yiminwa mumazi.

(4)Gypsumuplaster, guhuza plaster, plaque yamashanyarazi:

Iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda z’ubwubatsi, abantu bakeneye ibikoresho bishya by’ubwubatsi na bo bagenda biyongera umunsi ku munsi, kubera ko abantu barushaho gukangurira abantu kurengera ibidukikije ndetse no kurushaho kunoza imikorere y’ubwubatsi, ibicuruzwa bya gypsumu ya simaitima byateye imbere byihuse. Kugeza ubu ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bya gesso bifite stucco gesso, cake gesso, shiraho gesso, umukozi wa tile caking kugirango utegereze. Guhomesha plaster ni ubwoko bwiza bwurukuta rwimbere hamwe nibikoresho byo guhomeka hejuru yinzu, hamwe no guhanagura urukuta rworoshye kandi rworoshye, ntugabanye ifu nububiko bwibanze, nta guca ibintu, kandi bifite ibikorwa byo gukumira umuriro; Gypsum yometseho ni ubwoko bushya bwo kubaka urumuri ruto rwometseho, gypsumu nkibikoresho fatizo, hiyongereyeho uburyo butandukanye bwo kongeramo imbaraga umunwa wakozwe mubikoresho bifata neza, birakwiriye kubwoko bwose bwibikoresho byubaka byubatswe hagati yububiko, hamwe nuburozi. , uburyohe, imbaraga zambere gushiraho byihuse, guhuza ni ikibaho cyubaka, guhagarika ibikoresho byubaka; Gypsum seam yuzuza ibikoresho ni isahani ya gypsum hagati yikuzuza ibikoresho nu rukuta, gusana ibyuzuye. Ibicuruzwa bya gypsumu bifite urutonde rwimirimo itandukanye, usibye gypsumu hamwe nuwuzuza bifitanye isano kugirango bigire uruhare, ikibazo cyingenzi ninyongera selile yongeyeho selile igira uruhare runini. Kuberako gesso igabanijwe ifite nta gesso yamazi hamwe na cent ya kimwe cya kabiri cyamazi ya gesso, gesso itandukanye niyindi mikorere yibicuruzwa, kwiyongera cyane, kurinda amazi, gutinda buhoro ubuziranenge bugena ibikoresho byubaka gesso. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara muri ibyo bikoresho ni kuvunika ingoma, imbaraga zambere ntabwo ziri hejuru, kugirango iki kibazo gikemuke, ni uguhitamo ubwoko bwa selile na retarder compound ikoreshwa ryuburyo bukoreshwa, muriki gice, guhitamo rusange methyl cyangwa hydroxypropyl methyl 30000–60000cps, wongeyeho amafaranga ni 1.5% - 2%. Hagati aho, intumbero ya selile ni ukubika amazi no gusiga buhoro buhoro. Nyamara, muribi kugirango wishingikirize kuri selile ya selile nkuko retarder itageze, igomba no kongeramo aside citric retarder nyuma yo kuyivanga ntibizahindura imbaraga zambere. Igipimo cyo gufata amazi muri rusange bivuga ubwinshi bwamazi yatakaye mugihe habuze amazi yo hanze. Niba urukuta rwumye, ubuso bwibanze bukurura amazi no guhumeka bisanzwe bituma ibintu bitakaza amazi byihuse, kandi hazabaho n'ingoma yubusa hamwe no guturika. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha ni ukuvanga ifu yumye, niba gutegura igisubizo bishobora kwerekeza kuburyo bwo gutegura igisubizo.

(5) Amabuye y'agaciro

Ubushyuhe bwa termal nubwoko bushya bwurukuta rwimbere ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe mu majyaruguru yUbushinwa. Nibikoresho byurukuta byashizwemo nubushyuhe bwumuriro, minisiteri na binder. Muri ibi bikoresho, selile igira uruhare runini muguhuza no kongera imbaraga. Mubisanzwe, methyl selulose ifite ubukonje bwinshi (hafi 10000eps) iratoranijwe, kandi dosiye iri hagati ya 2 ‰ na 3 ‰. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ni kuvanga ifu yumye.

(6) umukozi wa interineti

Imigaragarire ya interineti ni HPMC200000cps, umurongo wa tile urenze 60000cps, kandi umukozi wa interineti akoreshwa cyane cyane mubyimbye, bishobora kuzamura imbaraga zingutu nimbaraga zimyambi. Muri tile ihuza amazi yo kubika amazi kugirango irinde tile gutakaza amazi vuba kugwa.

3. Urunigi rw'inganda

(1) Inganda zo hejuru

Ibikoresho by'ibanze bikenerwa mu gukora ether ya selile harimo ipamba itunganijwe (cyangwa ibiti by'ibiti) hamwe na bimwe mu bimera bisanzwe bivangwa na chimique, nka oxyde ya propylene, chloromethane, alkali y'amazi, ibinini bya alkali, okiside ya Ethylene, toluene n'ibindi bikoresho bifasha. Inganda zizamuka muri uru ruganda zirimo ipamba inoze, inganda zikora ibiti ndetse ninganda zimwe na zimwe zimiti. Ihindagurika ryibiciro byibikoresho nyamukuru byavuzwe haruguru bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye kubiciro byumusaruro no kugurisha igiciro cya selile.

Igiciro cya pamba gitunganijwe ni kinini. Dufashe urugero rw'ibikoresho byo kubaka urwego rwa selulose ether nk'urugero, mugihe cyo gutanga raporo, igipimo cyibiciro byipamba yatunganijwe mubikoresho byubwubatsi icyiciro cya selile yagurishijwe cyari 31,74%, 28.50%, 26.59% na 26.90%. Guhindagurika kw'ibiciro by'ipamba inoze bizagira ingaruka ku musaruro wa selile ya ether. Ibikoresho nyamukuru byo gutanga ipamba inoze ni ipamba. Ipamba ni kimwe mubicuruzwa biva mu ipamba, ahanini bikoreshwa mu gutanga ipamba, ipamba inoze, nitrocellulost n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Agaciro ko gukoresha no gukoresha ipamba iratandukanye niy'ipamba, kandi biragaragara ko igiciro cyayo kiri munsi yicy'ipamba, ariko gifite aho gihuriye no guhindagurika kw'igiciro cy'ipamba. Guhindagurika kw'ibiciro by'ipamba bizagira ingaruka ku giciro cy'ipamba inoze.

Ihindagurika rikabije ry’ibiciro by’ipamba bitunganijwe bizagira ingaruka ku giciro cy’umusaruro, igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa n’inyungu z’inganda muri uru ruganda ku buryo butandukanye. Kubijyanye nigiciro cyiza cya pamba kandi nigiciro cyibiti birahendutse cyane, kugirango ugabanye ibiciro, ifu yinkwi irashobora gukoreshwa nkigisimburwa cy ipamba itunganijwe kandi ikongerwaho, cyane cyane ikoreshwa mugukora ibiryo byubuvuzi bwa selile selile ether nubundi bwenge buke. selile ether. Ku rubuga rwa interineti rw'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare, mu 2013, Ubushinwa bwateye hegitari miliyoni 4.35 z'ipamba kandi butanga toni miliyoni 6.31 z'ipamba. Nk’uko imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda mu Bushinwa Cellulose ibigaragaza, mu 2014, umusaruro w’ipamba inoze y’inganda zikomeye zitunganya impamba zo mu gihugu zari toni 332.000, hamwe n’ibikoresho byinshi bitangwa.

(2) selulose ether hepfo yinganda

Cellulose ether nka "inganda MONOsodium glutamate", selile ya ether yongeyeho umubare ni muke, uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, inganda zo hasi zikwirakwizwa mubice byose byubukungu bwigihugu.

Mubihe bisanzwe, inganda zubaka zo hasi hamwe ninganda zitimukanwa bizagira ingaruka runaka mukuzamuka kwicyifuzo cyibikoresho byubwubatsi urwego rwa selile ether. Iyo inganda zubaka imbere mu gihugu hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda zitimukanwa byihuta, isoko ryimbere ryibikoresho byubaka urwego selulose ether isaba umuvuduko witerambere. Iyo umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwinganda zubaka mu gihugu ninganda zitimukanwa zidindije, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwibikenerwa mubikoresho byubaka selile selile ether kumasoko yimbere mu gihugu bizagenda gahoro, bigatuma amarushanwa muruganda arushaho gukomera, kandi byihutishe kubaho yuburyo bukwiye bwibikorwa byinganda.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, mu rwego rwo kudindiza iterambere ry’inganda zubaka mu gihugu n’inganda zitimukanwa, icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa selireose ether ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ntabwo cyahindutse ku buryo bugaragara. Impamvu nyamukuru nizi zikurikira: 1. Igipimo rusange cyinganda zubaka mu gihugu n’inganda zitimukanwa ni nini, kandi isoko rusange ni ryinshi; Isoko nyamukuru ryabaguzi ryibikoresho byubaka urwego selulose ether kuva mubice byateye imbere mubukungu no mumijyi ya mbere nicyiciro cya kabiri, bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro kugera mu burengerazuba bwo hagati no mumijyi yo mucyiciro cya gatatu, ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka kwimbere mu gihugu no kwagura umwanya; Babiri, umubare wa selulose ether wongeyeho kubiciro byibikoresho byubaka ni muke, umubare wumukiriya umwe ni muto, abakiriya baratatanye, byoroshye kubyara ibicuruzwa bikenewe, ibisabwa byose kumasoko yo hepfo birahagaze neza; Icya gatatu, ibikoresho byubaka ihinduka ryibiciro ku isoko bigira ingaruka ku guhindura imiterere ya selulose ether, ibintu byingenzi urwego rwa selile ya ether kuva 2012, igabanuka ryibikoresho byubaka ni binini, ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru mugabanuka ryibiciro ni binini, bikurura abakiriya benshi guhitamo kugura, yongereye icyifuzo cyibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru muri ,, no kunyunyuza ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byisoko isoko hamwe nigiciro cyibiciro.

Iterambere ryinganda zimiti nigipimo cyubwiyongere bwinganda zimiti bizagira ingaruka kumihindagurikire yimiti ya selile selile. Gutezimbere imibereho yabantu ninganda zateye imbere mu biribwa bifasha gutwara isoko rya selile yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

6. Iterambere ryiterambere rya selile ether

Bitewe nuko habaho isoko rya selile ether isaba itandukaniro ryimiterere, gushiraho imbaraga zinganda zitandukanye kugirango zibane. Urebye uburyo bugaragara bwo gutandukanya imiterere yibiranga isoko, abakora selile zo mu gihugu imbere bahujwe nimbaraga zabo kugirango bafate ingamba zinyuranye zo guhatana, kandi banasobanukirwe neza icyerekezo cyiterambere nicyerekezo cyisoko.

(1) kwemeza ireme ryibicuruzwa, bizakomeza kuba ingingo zingenzi zo guhatanira inganda za selile

Cellulose ether mu nganda ibyinshi mubikorwa byo hasi mubiciro byumusaruro ni bike, ariko ubwiza bwibicuruzwa ni bwinshi. Amatsinda y'abakiriya bo hagati na murwego rwohejuru mugukoresha ikirango cya selile ya ether moderi mbere, kugirango banyure mubigeragezo. Nyuma yo gukora formulaire ihamye, mubisanzwe ntabwo byoroshye gusimbuza ibindi bicuruzwa byibicuruzwa, ariko kandi bigashyira imbere ibisabwa hejuru kugirango ireme ryiza rya selile. Iyi phenomenon igaragara cyane mubikorwa byo mu gihugu no mumahanga binini byubaka ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya farumasi, inyongeramusaruro, PVC nindi mirima yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Kugirango tunoze ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibicuruzwa, ababikora bagomba kwemeza ko itangwa ryibyiciro bitandukanye bya selile ether rishobora gukomeza ireme ryiza, kugirango hamenyekane isoko ryiza.

(2) Kunoza urwego rwa tekiniki rwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyibikorwa bya selile yo murugo

Kubijyanye na tekinoroji ya selile yama selile igenda ikura, urwego rwohejuru rwikoranabuhanga rwo gukoresha rufasha ibigo kuzamura irushanwa ryuzuye, gushiraho umubano uhamye wabakiriya. Ibigo bizwi cyane bya selile ether mubihugu byateye imbere cyane cyane bifata ingamba zo guhatanira "guhangana nabakiriya benshi bo murwego rwohejuru + iterambere ryimikoreshereze yimikoreshereze n’imikoreshereze", guteza imbere imikoreshereze ya selile no gukoresha formulaire, no gushyiraho urutonde rwibicuruzwa ukurikije ibice bitandukanye. imirima yo gusaba kugirango yorohereze imikoreshereze yabakiriya, no guhinga isoko ryo hasi. Amarushanwa yinganda za selulose ether mubihugu byateye imbere yinjiye mubijyanye na tekinoroji yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2022
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