Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Tondo ndi Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Kake

Tondo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomangira pakupanga miyala, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa njerwa, miyala, ndi midadada ya konkire. Zimapereka mphamvu, kukhazikika, ndi kulimba kwa zomangamanga. Kupangidwa kwa matope kumaphatikizapo zipangizo za simenti, mchenga, madzi, ndipo nthawi zina zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti ziwonjezere katundu wake. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatope imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kutengera zinthu monga zonyamula katundu, momwe chilengedwe, komanso kukongola.

Mitundu ya Tondo

1. Tondo la Simenti

Tondo la simenti limapangidwa ndi simenti, mchenga, ndi madzi, zowonjezera mongacellulose ether. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zamakono chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake.

Zogwiritsa:

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga njerwa ndi blockwork pamapangidwe komanso osamalidwa.
• Oyenera kupaka pulasitala ndi kuwonetsera malo.
• Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito ponyowa chifukwa chokana chinyezi.
• Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndi kukonzanso zomanga.

2. Mtondo wa Laimu

Laimu matope amakhala ndi laimu (mwina hydraulic kapena non-hydraulic), mchenga, ndi madzi. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito kale simenti isanakhale yofala.

Zogwiritsa:

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso nyumba zakale komanso zakale.
• Oyenera kupaka pulasitala ndi kuloza pomanga zomangamanga.
• Amapereka kusinthasintha, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha ming'alu ya nyumba.
• Amalola kuti chinyontho chisasunthike, ndikulepheretsa kuti madzi asasungidwe m'makoma.

3. Dothi lamatope

Dothi lamatope ndi matope osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe opangidwa ndi dongo, mchenga, ndi madzi. Ndi imodzi mwamitundu yakale kwambiri yamatope omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga.

Zogwiritsa:

• Zofala m'mamangidwe akumidzi ndi achikhalidwe.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zotsika mtengo komanso zosakhalitsa.
• Amapereka zinthu zabwino zotchinjiriza m'malo otentha komanso owuma.

4. Surkhi Mortar

Dongo la Surkhi ndi lofanana ndi laimu matope koma limaphatikizapo surkhi (dongo lopsereza la ufa) m'malo mwa mchenga.

Zogwiritsa:

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zakale ndi zomangamanga.
• Amapereka kukana kwamadzi bwino poyerekeza ndi matope a laimu.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maziko ndi magawo.

5. Tondo woyezera

Tondo la gauged ndi kuphatikiza kwa simenti ndi laimu wosakaniza ndi mchenga ndi madzi. Cholinga chake ndi kulinganiza zinthu zonse za simenti ndi matope a laimu.

Zogwiritsa:

• Zofala mu zomanga njerwa ndi pulasitala.
• Amapereka mphamvu pamene akugwira ntchito.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakoma onyamula katundu komanso osanyamula katundu.

6. Gypsum Mortar

Gypsum mortimakhala ndi gypsum, mchenga, ndi madzi. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito kale matope a simenti asanakhale otchuka.

Zogwiritsa:

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka pulasitala ndi kumaliza mkati.
• Oyenera ntchito yopepuka yamiyala.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu kumafunikira.

7. Tondo Wosagwira Moto

Dongo lamtundu uwu limapangidwa powonjezera zinthu zosagwira moto ndi zophatikizira mumatope a simenti.

Zogwiritsa:

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'machumuni, poyatsira moto, ndi makoma osagwira moto.
• Zofala m'nyumba zamafakitale komwe chitetezo chamoto chimafunikira.
• Oyenera ng'anjo ndi ng'anjo.

8. Tondo Wokhala ndi mpweya

Mtondo wodutsa mpweya umaphatikizapo zolowetsa mpweya, zomwe zimalowetsa tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta mpweya mumsanganizo kuti ziwongolere kugwira ntchito ndi kutchinjiriza kwamafuta.

Zogwiritsa:

• Zoyenera kupanga zopepuka komanso zotsekera.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka makoma kuti achepetse kutentha.
• Zoyenera kumanga zolimbana ndi chisanu m'malo ozizira.

9. Polima Mortar

Mtondo wa polimaamawonjezeredwa ndi ma resin opangidwa ndi ma polima kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu, kumamatira, komanso kulimba.

Zogwiritsa:

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.
• Yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osamva komanso osamva mankhwala.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi zamalonda.

10. Epoxy Mortar

Epoxy mortar imakhala ndi epoxy resins, hardener, ndi mchenga. Amapereka mphamvu zomangira zapadera komanso kukana mankhwala ndi chinyezi.

Zogwiritsa:

• Zoyenera pazokonda zamakampani ndi zamalonda zomwe zimafuna kulimba kwambiri.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opangira mankhwala, ma laboratories, ndi mafakitale opanga zakudya.
• Zoyenera kukonza zomangira zowonongeka za konkriti.

11. Tondo Wopepuka

Mtondo wopepuka umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zophatikiza zopepuka monga pumice, perlite, kapena vermiculite m'malo mwa mchenga.

Zogwiritsa:

• Oyenera kutchinjiriza m'makoma ndi kudenga.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa mawu.
• Zodziwika mu zomangamanga zokhazikika komanso zopepuka.

12. Tondo Wakuda

Mtondo wamitundu umapezeka powonjezera ma pigment ku matope a simenti kuti akwaniritse mithunzi yosiyanasiyana komanso kumaliza.

Zogwiritsa:

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomangamanga zokongoletsa ndi zomangamanga.
• Imawonjezera mawonekedwe a njerwa ndi ma facades.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso zokongoletsa zanyumba zakale.

Kusankha kwamatopezimadalira pa zosowa zenizeni za ntchito yomanga. Simenti ndi matope a laimu ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pomwe matope apadera monga epoxy, polima, ndi matope osayaka moto amathandizira pa ntchito zapadera. Kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwamtundu uliwonse kumathandiza pakusankha matope oyenera kuti akhale olimba, mphamvu, ndi magwiridwe antchito m'malo osiyanasiyana.