Ma cellulose ethersndi mtundu wa zotumphukira za cellulose zosinthidwa kutengera mapadi achilengedwe, omwe amapangidwa poyambitsa magulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito kudzera muzochita za etherification. Monga mtundu wa zinthu polima ndi ntchito kwambiri ndi ntchito lonse, mapadi ethers ndi ntchito zofunika pa zomangamanga, mankhwala, chakudya, zodzoladzola, mafuta, papermaking, nsalu ndi madera ena chifukwa solubility awo abwino, filimu kupanga katundu, adhesion, thickening katundu, posungira madzi ndi biocompatibility. Zotsatirazi ndizofotokozera mwachidule za kapangidwe kake, magulu, machitidwe, njira yokonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
1. Mapangidwe ndi magulu
Cellulose ndi polima wachilengedwe yemwe kapangidwe kake koyambira kamakhala ndi mayunitsi a shuga olumikizidwa ndi β-1,4-glycosidic bond ndipo ali ndi magulu ambiri a hydroxyl. Magulu a hydroxyl awa amakonda kusinthika kwa etherification, ndipo zolowa m'malo osiyanasiyana (monga methyl, hydroxypropyl, carboxymethyl, etc.) zimayambitsidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yamchere kuti apange ma cellulose ethers.
Malinga ndi zolowa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ma cellulose ethers amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awa:
Anionic cellulose ethers: monga sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakudya, zamankhwala ndi pobowola mafuta.
Nonionic cellulose ethers: monga methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), etc., amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pomanga, mankhwala, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale ena.
Cationic cellulose ethers: monga trimethyl ammonium chloride cellulose, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zowonjezera pamapepala ndi kuchiritsa madzi ndi zina.
2. Makhalidwe a machitidwe
Chifukwa cha zolowa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ma cellulose ether amawonetsa mawonekedwe awoawo, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi izi:
Kusungunuka kwabwino: Ma etha ambiri a cellulose amatha kusungunuka m'madzi kapena zosungunulira za organic kuti apange ma colloid okhazikika kapena mayankho.
Kukhuthala kwabwino komanso kusunga madzi: kumatha kukulitsa kukhuthala kwa yankho, kuletsa kusungunuka kwamadzi, komanso kumathandizira kusungidwa kwamadzi muzinthu monga matope omangira.
Katundu wopanga filimu: amatha kupanga filimu yowonekera komanso yolimba, yoyenera kupaka mankhwala, zokutira, etc.
Emulsification ndi kubalalitsidwa: khazikitsani gawo lobalalika mu dongosolo la emulsion ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwa emulsion.
Biocompatibility ndi non-toxicity: oyenera minda ya mankhwala ndi chakudya.
3. Njira yokonzekera
Kukonzekera kwa cellulose ether nthawi zambiri kumatengera izi:
Ma cellulose activation: gwiritsani ntchito cellulose yachilengedwe ndi sodium hydroxide kuti mupange alkali cellulose.
Etherification reaction: pazochitika zenizeni, alkali cellulose ndi etherifying agent (monga sodium chloroacetate, methyl chloride, propylene oxide, etc.) ndi etherified kuti adziwe zolowa m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Kusalowerera ndale ndi kutsuka: kusokoneza zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika ndikutsuka kuchotsa zonyansa.
Kuyanika ndi kuphwanya: potsiriza pezani ufa womalizidwa wa cellulose ether.
Zomwe zimachitika zimafunikira kuwongolera kutentha, mtengo wa pH ndi nthawi yochitira kuti zitsimikizire kuchuluka kwa m'malo (DS) ndi kufanana kwa chinthucho.
4. Magawo akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito
Zomangira:Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumatope a simenti, ufa wa putty, zomatira matailosi, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo amatenga gawo losunga madzi, kukhuthala, kutsutsa-sagging, etc.
Makampani opanga mankhwala:Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), ndi zina zotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zokutira mapiritsi, magawo a mapiritsi otulutsidwa mosalekeza, ndi zina zotero, zokhala ndi mafilimu abwino opangira mafilimu komanso zotsatira zomasulidwa.
Makampani azakudya:Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thickener, stabilizer, ndi emulsifier, monga ayisikilimu, sauces, zakumwa, etc.
Makampani opanga mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku: amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu shampu, zotsukira, zosamalira khungu, ndi zina zambiri kuti zithandizire kukhazikika komanso kukhazikika kwazinthuzo.
Kubowola mafuta: CMC ndi HEC zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera zamadzimadzi kuti muwonjezere kukhuthala komanso kutsekemera kwamadzi obowola ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Kupanga mapepala ndi nsalu: imagwira ntchito yolimbikitsa, kukula, kukana mafuta komanso kuletsa kuyipitsa, ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe azinthu.
5. Zoyembekeza zachitukuko ndi zovuta
Ndi kafukufuku wozama pa chemistry yobiriwira, zinthu zongowonjezwdwa ndi zinthu zowonongeka, ma cellulose ethers alandira chidwi chochulukirapo chifukwa cha magwero awo achilengedwe komanso chilengedwe. Mayendedwe a kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuphatikizapo:
Pangani ma ethers apamwamba kwambiri, opangidwa ndi cellulose, monga zomvera zanzeru komanso zamoyo.
Kupititsa patsogolo kubiriwira ndi makina okonzekera kukonzekera, ndi kuchepetsa kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kuipitsa.
Wonjezerani kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, zida zowononga chilengedwe, biomedicine ndi zina.
Komabe, ether ya cellulose imakumanabe ndi mavuto monga kukwera mtengo, kuvutikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kusintha, ndi kusiyana kwa batch-to-batch mu kaphatikizidwe kakapangidwe kake, komwe kamayenera kukonzedwa mosalekeza kudzera muukadaulo waukadaulo.
Monga multifunctional polima zotumphukira zachilengedwe, cellulose ether ali zonse chitetezo chilengedwe ndi ubwino ntchito, ndipo ndi chowonjezera chofunika kwambiri mu mankhwala ambiri mafakitale. Ndi kutsindika kwa chitukuko chokhazikika ndi zipangizo zobiriwira, kafukufuku wake ndi ntchito akadali ndi danga lalikulu lachitukuko. M'tsogolomu, kupyolera mu kuphatikizika kwa maphunziro amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa matekinoloje atsopano, cellulose ether ikuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito yofunikira m'madera ambiri apamwamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-20-2025