Diacetone Acrylamide (DAAM)

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Kaihanga me te Kaiwhakarato Diacetone Acrylamide (DAAM)

Diacetone acrylamideKo te (DAAM) he matū matū nō te akomanga o ngā matū acrylamide. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te matū polymer, ā, ka taea te mahi hei monomer i roto i te hanga o ngā momo polymer, inā koa ko ērā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā paninga, ngā piripiri, me ngā mea whakakotahi. Ko te hanganga matū o te DAAM he rōpū acrylamide (he rōpū vinyl e piri ana ki te rōpū carbonyl) me te wāhanga acetone.

Ka rerekē pea ngā āhuatanga o te DAAM i runga i tōna whakapūhuitanga. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia te DAAM i roto i te hanganga o ngā pūhui me ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana pērā i te pai ake o te piri, te ngāwari, me te ātete ki ngā āhuatanga taiao pērā i te wera me te makuku.

Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o te DAAM ko tōna kaha ki te whai i te whakapūhuitanga rauropi kore utu, ka tauhohe ki ētahi atu monomer (ki a ia anō rānei) hei hanga i ngā polymer. Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei polymer i roto i ngā momo tono ahumahi, tae atu ki te whakamātotoru, te hono whakawhiti, te whakawhanake rānei i ngā kapia motuhake.

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Diacetone Acrylamide(DAAM) Kaiwhakarato me te wheketere

Diacetone acrylamide(DAAM) he matū waro maha-whakamahinga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te pūtaiao pūmua, te hangarau paninga, me te pūtaiao rauemi. He monomer hangai kua aro nuihia nā ōna āhuatanga matū ahurei, pērā i te kaha ki te tauhohe, te kaha ki te hanga i ngā hanganga pūmua rerekē, me te kaha mō ngā tono mahi rerekē. He mahi nui tā DAAM ki te whakarei ake i ngā āhuatanga o ngā pūmua, ngā paninga, ngā piripiri, me ngā mea whakahiato.

1. Hanganga Matū me ngā Āhuatanga o te Diacetone Acrylamide

Ko te diacetone acrylamide he matū ira acrylamide, kei reira te rōpū acrylamide ka whakakapia e te wāhanga acetone i te tūranga hauota. Ko te tātai matū o DAAM koC₆H₁₁NO₂, ā, ko tōna taumaha ngota he tata ki te129.17 karamu/mol.

Ko te hanganga o te DAAM ko:

An rōpū acrylamide(CH₂=CH-C(=O)-NH-), koinei te wāhanga matua tauhohe o te ngota ngota.
A rōpū diacetone(C₄H₇O₂), e piri ana ki te hauota o te acrylamide.

Nama CAS: 2873-97-4
TSCA: 2873-97-4
EINECS: 220-713-2
ENCS: 2-1024

Ngā Āhuatanga

Ka tere te whakakotahitanga o te diacetone acrylamide me te hanga copolymers me te whānuitanga o ngā comonomers.
Ka tauhohe te diacetone acrylamide ki te rōpū ketone o te waikawa adipic dihydrazide i te pāmahana noa.

Te aroaro o terōpū mahi akirilamidaka taea e te DAAM te whakakotahi i te āhua rite ki ētahi atungā monomer e hangai ana ki te acrylamide, i te mea ko tehanganga diacetoneka whakaratohia he aukati pākawa e pā ana ki tōna tauhohenga me ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana. Ka meinga hoki e te rōpū acetone te matū kia wairewa ake i roto i ngā whakarewa waro.

2. Te Hanganga o te Diacetone Acrylamide

E rua ngā taahiraa o te hanga o te DAAM:

Te whakapūmautanga o te acrylamideKo te taahiraa tuatahi ko te tauhohenga o te acrylamide ki te acetone i te aroaro o te waikawa, te turanga rānei hei whakakorikori. Ka tauhohe te acetone ki te ngota hauota o te acrylamide hei hanga i te matū diacetone.
Te WhakamaKia oti te tauhohenga, ka purea te hua mā roto i ngā tikanga whakatōtō, whakatio rānei hei wehe i teMonomer DAAMi tōna āhua parakore.

Ka taea te whakaahua i te tauhohenga penei:

Akiriramiti (CH₂=CH-C(=O)-NH₂)ka tauhohe ki te acetone (CH₃COCH₃) hei hanga i te diacetone acrylamide (CH₂=CH-C(=O)-NH-CH₂COCH₃).

He tino māmā te hanga o te DAAM, engari me whakahaere tika ngā āhuatanga tauhohenga (hei tauira, te pāmahana, te wā tauhohenga, te kōwhiringa whakarewa) kia eke ai ki ngā hua teitei me te parakore.

3. Te Whakapūhuitanga o te Diacetone Acrylamide

Ko te āhuatanga tino nui o te DAAM ko tōna kaha ki te whai i ngāte whakakotahitanga rauropi kore utuKa taea e te rōpū acrylamide i roto i te DAAM te whai wāhi ki ngā tauhohenga polymerization tāpiri, ka taea ai e te DAAM te hono atu ki ētahi atu monomer, ki a ia anō rānei hei hanga mekameka polymer roa. Nā tēnei ka whai hua te DAAM hei monomer i roto i te hanga polymer me ngā āhuatanga rerekē.

Ka taea te whakatinanatanga o te DAAM mā roto i:

Te HomopolymerizationKa tauhohe te monomer DAAM ki ētahi atu monomer DAAM, ka hanga he pūmua e titoa katoa ana e ngā wae DAAM.
Ngā CopolymerKa taea hoki te whakakotahi i te DAAM me ētahi atu monomer acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl rānei hei hanga i ngā copolymer me ngā āhuatanga kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakauru i ngā rōpū mahi motuhake e hoatu ana i ngā āhuatanga motuhake ki te polymer.

Ngā kaiwhakaoho i ngā rauropi kore utu (hei tauira,AIBN, BPO) me te rama UV rānei e whakamahia ana hei tīmata i te tukanga whakapūhui. Ko te huaNgā pūmua e hangai ana ki te DAAMhe whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga i runga i te nui o te polymerization, te aroaro o ngā āpiha honohono, me te momo co-monomers i whakamahia.

Ngā Āhuatanga

Āhua	Paura ma ki te paku kōwhai
Tātai	C₉H₁₅NO₂
Taumaha mol.	169.23
Te taumaha motuhake (60°C)	0.998
Te pūwāhi rewa	56°C
Te pūwāhi koropupū	120°C (8 mm Hg)
Te wairewatanga i roto i te wai i roto i ngā whakarewa waro	>100g/100g H₂E te Whakaranu
Tg (homo-polymer)	77°C (DSC)
Te matotoru (60°C)	17.9 m Pa·s

Te whakakotahitanga

M1	M2	r1	r2	Q1	e1	Q2	e2
Styrene	Diacetone acrylamide	1.77 ±0.08	0.49 ±0.06	1.00	-0.80	0.42	-0.42
Metila methacrylate	Diacetone acrylamide	1.68 ±0.06	0.57 ±0.03	0.74	0.04	0.41	-0.02

4. Ngā Whakamahinga o te Diacetone Acrylamide

4.1. Ngā paninga me ngā peita

He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te DAAM i roto i te hanganga ongā paninga me ngā peitanā tōna kaha ki te hanga i ngā pūmua he kaha te piri, te ngāwari, me te ātete ki ngā āhuatanga taiao. He pai ake te mahi a ngā kiriata pūmua ka puta mai i tēnā ki ngā paninga kiriaku, polyester rānei tuku iho.

Ko ētahi o ngā tono motuhake ko:

Ngā paninga tiakiHe tino ātete ngā pūmua DAAM ki te wera, te makuku, me te karawarawa, ā, he mea tino pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā paninga motuka, ahumahi, me te moana.
Ngā piripiriMā te whakakotahitanga o te DAAM ka hua ake he piripiri hei hanga hononga kaha ki te whānuitanga o ngā mata, tae atu ki ngā konganuku, ngā kirihou, me te karāhe.
Ngā paninga ārai-waikuraKo ngā kiriata ngāwari, pakari hoki i hangaia mai i ngā pūmua e hangai ana ki te DAAM, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi e hiahia ana ki ngā paninga ārai-waikura mahi teitei.

4.2. Ngā Pūmua Tino Mimi

Ka whakamahia te DAAM i roto i te whanaketanga ongā pūmua tino mimiti(Ngā SAP), he rauemi e kaha ana ki te mimiti i te nui o te wai, o ētahi atu wai rānei. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei rauemi i roto i ngā mahi pēnei i:

Ngā hua akuakuKei roto i ngā hua pēnei i ngā nāpi pēpi, ngā tauera horoi, me ngā hua mō te kore hiahia pēpi mō ngā pakeke ngā SAP e hangai ana ki te DAAM.
Ngā tono ahuwhenuaKa taea te whakamahi i ngā pūmua tino mimiti i hangaia mai i te DAAM i roto i ngā mahi ahuwhenua hei whakapai ake i te pupuri wai i roto i te oneone.

4.3. Ngā Whakamahinga Hauora me te Koiora Hauora

Nā tōna hototahitanga koiora me tōna whānui o ngā mahi, ka tūhuratia hoki te DAAM i roto i tengā mara hauora me te koioraHei tauira:

Ngā pūnaha tuku rongoāKa taea te hanga i ngā pūmua e hangai ana ki te DAAM hei tuku i ngā rongoā i roto i te huarahi whakahaeretia, hei whakarato tukunga roa, hei arotahi rānei ki ngā kiko motuhake.
Te hangarau kikoNā ngā āhuatanga ngāwari, hototahi hoki o ngā pūmua e hangai ana ki te DAAM, he mea pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā tūāpapa mō te hanga kiko, ngā takai patunga, me ētahi atu taputapu hauora.

4.4. Te Hanganga o te Hauwai

Ka whakamahia ngā hauwaikara i hangaia mai i te DAAM i roto i ngā momo mahi nā te mea he nui ō rātou āhuatanga pupuri wai. Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei hauwaikara i roto i:

Te tiaki i te patungaKa whakaratohia e ngā hauwaiwai he taiao makuku mō te whakaora patunga, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate me te tere ake i te tukanga whakaora.
Ngā whakatakotoranga whakapaipaiE whakamahia ana ngā hauwaiwai i hangaia mai i te DAAM i roto i ngā hua tiaki kiri, tae atu ki ngā whakamakuku kiri me ngā kirimi ārai-pakeketanga, nā te mea he tino pai ki te whakamakuku i te kiri.

4.5. Te Hanganga Rauemi Nano me te Hanganga Hiko

Ka whakamahia hoki te DAAM hei whakarite i ngāngā matū nanome te matataungā rauemi e hangai ana ki te polymerHei tauira, ka taea te whakakotahi i te DAAM me ngā matūriki nano hei hanga rauemi ranu me ngā āhuatanga miihini, hiko, wera rānei kua whakarei ake. Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei rauemi i roto i ngā ahumahi maha, tae atu ki:

Ngā HikohikoKa taea te whakamahi i ngā nanocomposites polymer i hangaia mai i te DAAM ki ngā taputapu hiko ngāwari me ngā rauemi kawe hiko.
RererangiE whakamahia ana ngā rauemi hiato e hangai ana ki te DAAM nā ō rātou āhuatanga mama me te kaha teitei i roto i ngā mahi rererangi.

4.6. Ngā Mahi Tā me te Kakahu

I roto i te umanga kakahu, ka whakamahia te DAAM hei hanga papanga he pakari ake, he ngāwari ake hoki. Hei tauira,ngā paninga mahika taea te whakamahi i te DAAM ki ngā kakahu kia ātete ake ai ki te wai, ki ngā paru, me te hihi UV. Waihoki, ka taea te whakamahi i te DAAM ki te hangawaituhi tā, ko tōna kaha ki te hanga kiriata kounga teitei ka āwhina i te whakatutuki i te mārama me te roa o te tānga.